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?????????? ^[2] ?? ?????? (?????: ??????) ?? ??????? ?? ????????? ^[3] ?? ????????? ^[4]^[5] ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? . ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? :

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????? ????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? photoelectric ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????. ??? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? electric gun ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ? ?? ????? target? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ??? ??????? ?? ≪?????≫ scanning? ????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? scanning beam ????? ??? ≪?????≫ ????? ??????? ?? ≪????≫ ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ?????? ≪???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? scanning spot. ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????. ??? ???? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????????. ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????. ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? cassette ?? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? video. ??????? ???????? ???????? Zworykin ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ??? 1923 ???? 1924.

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???? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? (???????) ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? 5000 ??? 2000 ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????????. ???? ?? 1000 ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ??????.

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??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? 5% ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???????. ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????.

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??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? 29 ????? 2009 ? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ???????.

?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????. ??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? .

???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ??? 1884? ? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?? ????? ????. ??? ??? 1922? ? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????????. ??? ??? 1926? ? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????????· ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? 1923? ???? ???????????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????. ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? 1929?.

??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????. ????? ????. ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????. ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? 1936? ? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? . ??? ??? 1936? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? (???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???) ? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ? ????? ??????? ?? 150 ?????? ?????? ??????? . ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????. ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????. ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? 1939? .

?????????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? (1939-1945?). ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????. ?????? ??? 1951?? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ????? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? 1955?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????. ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? 1956?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? 1961?. ??? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???. ????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? 1966?? ??? ?????? ???????.

??????? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????????. ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????. ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? 1960?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?? ??????????.

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?????????. ?? ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??? 1960? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ????????. ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? 1960?. ?????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????.

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?????? ??????. ???? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ??? 18 ?? 25 ??. ??? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? 53? 64??? ????? ?????????. ??? ?????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? 7,5 ??. ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????. ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??????.

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??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ????????? ????????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????????. ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????. ??? ?????? ??????? ????????? ¸???·? ???? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????.

?????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ???????. ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ??????????. ??? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? 1988?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

??? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????. ??? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????. ??? ??????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????.

????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????. ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????. ??? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????. ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ????????. ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????.

?? ????? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? (??????)? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? ? (+18) ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ? (Tv Pg.cc).

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???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? 2000? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????: 1. Tv Pg.cc: ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????. (????? ???????: Dec,1996) (???????: May,2000)

2. Tv 14: ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??(14) ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???????. (????? ???????: May,2000) (???????: May,2000)

3. TV 18 A.o: ??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????. (????? ???????: Apr,1998) (???????: May,2000)

?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? (?????? ???) ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? (+18)? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????.

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????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? (625 ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?405 ?? ???????) ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?? ????????. ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? 200 ??? ?? ???????. ????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? (?? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????) ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????. ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????????. ????? ????????? ??? ????????? ????????. ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? (????? ?????? ????????) ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ????. ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? 625 ??????? ?????????? 625 ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?? 1\30 ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? (?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????). ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????????????.

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??????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????. ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? (???? ???????) ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????.

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?? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? . ^[7] ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ≪?????≫ ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????.

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1884: ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????.
27 ????? 1926: ??????? ??????? ?????????.
26 ????? 1935: ??? ?? ???? ????????? ???????.
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4 ????? 1937: ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? 20 ??? ?????? 20 ????.
3 ?????? 1939: ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????.
1944: ????? ???? ???? ????? 819 ???? ?????????.
20 ?????? 1948: ????? ?????? ???? 819 ????. ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? 625 ????.
1951: ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????????.
1967: ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? 625 ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????.
2000: ???? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????.

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^ "??????? ??????????? ?? ???" . www.nabadv.com . 26 ?????? 2023. ????? ?? ????? ?? 2023-12-09 . ???? ???? ?????? 2023-12-02 .

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