??? ??? ???

??? ??? ???
	???? ?? ????? ????? ? ??? ; ? ????????? ????????
	; ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???
?????	?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ; (? ??? ? ? ???) ; ? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ????
??????	??? ? ??????? ? ????????? ; ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????
?????	?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ; ???? ?????? ?? ???? ;
??????? ; ?????	??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? .
??????? ?????
????? ???	??????? ; (?????????) ???? ????? ; (?????????) ; ????? ????? ; (?????????) ??????? ; ??????? ???????
????????? ? ??????
????? ?????? ; (?? ?? ?????? ????) ; ???????? ????? ; (?? ?? ?????? ????) ; ????? ????? ; Viktor Kazantsev ; ???? ?????? † ; ??? ??????? ????? ???? : Gennady Troshev ; Vladimir Boldyrev ; Alexander Baranov ; ??????? ???????? ; ????? ??????? ; ??????? ??????? ; Valentin Korabelnikov ; Yuri Budanov ; Anatoly Kvashnin ; Yuri Baluyevsky ; Sergey Abramov ; ????? ?????? ; Mukhu Aliyev ; Sulim Yamadayev † ; Buvadi Dakhiyev † ; Said-Magomed Kakiev ;	???????? ???????? † ; (?? ????? ???? ??) ; ????? ???????? † ; Abdul Halim Sadulayev † ; ???? ????? † ; Ruslan Gelayev † ; ???? ?????? † ????? ???? : Khunkar-Pasha Israpilov † ; ????? ?????? † ; ???? ?????? ; Vakha Arsanov † ; Akhmed Avtorkhanov † ; Arbi Barayev † ; Ramzan Akhmadov † ; Rizvan Chitigov † ; Aslambek Abdulkhadzhiev † ; Ruslan Alikhadzhiyev † ; Turpal-Ali Atgeriev † ; Zelimkhan Akhmadov † ; Ilyas Akhmadov ; Isa Munayev † ; Movsar Barayev † ; Supyan Abdullayev † ; ??????? ??????? ; Khuseyn Gakayev † ; Tarkhan Gaziyev ; Muslim Abu Walid al Shishani ; Abdul-Malik Mezhidov † ; Rizvan Bachagayev † ; Magomed Khatuyev † ; Aslanbek Arsayev ; Aslanbek Ismailov † ; Isa Astamirov † ; Ali Adayev † ; Dalkhan Hozhayev † ; Lecha Dudayev † ; Lecha Islamov † ; Khizir Khachukayev ; Ruslan Khaykharoyev † ; Ramzan Cakayev † ; Abusupyan Movsayev † ; Khuseyn Isabayev † ; Apti Batalov ; Dokka Mahayev † ; Baudi Bakuyev † ; Lechi Eskiyev (Emir Kamal) † ; Magomed Cagarayev † ; Dzhambulat Samhadov (Emir Heydar) † ; Adam Umalatov (Emir Adam) † ; Yunadi Turchayev (Emir Yunadi) † ; Arbi Yovmurzayev (Emir Mansur) † ; Umar Edilsultanov (Emir Karpinski) † ; Shamil Iriskhanov † ; Aydamir Abalayev † ; Musa Charayev † ; Akhmed Basnukayev † ; Khamzat Batayev † ; Sultan Khadisov (Emir Musa) † ; Rustam Basayev (Emir Abu-Bakr) † ; Suleyman Elmurzayev (Emir Khayrullah) † ; Isa Muskiyev (Emir Khalid) † ; Aslan Izrailov (Emir Sawab) † ; Garib Shishani † ; Abdurahman al-Zarki (Chechen from Jordan) † ; Ali Taziev ; Abu Umar Mohammed Al-Sayyaf [ ru ] † ; Abu al-Walid † ; Abu Hafs al-Urduni † ; Muhannad † ; Yassir al-Sudani † ; ??????? ??? † ; Abu Dzeyt † ; Abu-Kuteyb † ;
???
~?????? (?? ????)	~?????? ??????? ; (?? ????)
????? ? ??????
??????????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ???????? ; ?? ??????????: ??????????? *	?????? ????????? (?????????) ; ????? ????????? (?????????) ; ?? ??????????: ??????
	????? ?????????? : ; ???? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? (????? ??? ????????? ) ; ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ; ????? ?? ??????????: ~????????????? ; ???? ????????: ~???????????????
	????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????. ;

??? ??? ??? ( ???? : Втора?я чече?нская война? ) ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???????.

?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????. ^[??]^[??]

?? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????. ????? ?? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????. ???? ?? ??????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????.

?? ??? ???? ? ????? ???? ???????????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????????. ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ????. ????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???????. ^[??]^[??]

?? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????. ^[??] ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ≪?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????≫. ^[??] ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???.

???? ???? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? (???? ???? ???? ?????) ^[??] ?? ?????? ??? (???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ) ^[??] ????? ???????. ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????. ^[??]

???????? ?????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???. ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ????. ??? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????????. ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??? ????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ??????????? (?? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ????? ???? ???) ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????. ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ????? ????????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????. ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ? ??????? (???? ? ????) ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ???????. ??? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ??????? ( ???? ) ? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? (?? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????) ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ??.

?????? ????? [ ?????? ]

?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ? ????? (???? ? ????)? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ? ???????????? ???? ??????. ?? ???? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ????? ?????.

????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???. ^[??]

??????? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????. ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????. ( ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??.

????????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????. ?? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ??. ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??: (?) ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? -? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ????? -? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? (?) ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ? (?) ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???.

??? ??? ??? [ ?????? ]

??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????. ??????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????.

??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???. ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???????. ^[??]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ "Turkish Volunteers in Chechnya" . The Jamestown Foundation . Retrieved 20 May 2015 .
↑ The Chechens: A Handbook , p. 237, ?? ???? ????
↑ Politics of Conflict: A Survey , p. 68, ?? ???? ????
↑ Energy and Security in the Caucasus , p. 66, ?? ???? ????
↑ Cooley, John K. (2002). Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism (3rd ed.). London: Pluto Press . p. 195 . ISBN 978-0-7453-1917-9 . A Turkish Fascist youth group, the "Grey Wolves," was recruited to fight with the Chechens.
↑ Goltz, Thomas (2003). Chechnya Diary: A War Correspondent's Story of Surviving the War in Chechnya . New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 22 . ISBN 978-0-312-26874-9 . I called a well-informed diplomat pal and arranged to meet him at a bar favored by the pan-Turkic crowd known as the Gray Wolves, who were said to be actively supporting the Chechens with men and arms.
...the Azerbaijani Gray Wolf leader, Iskander, Hamidov...
↑ Isingor, Ali (6 September 2000). "Istanbul: Gateway to a holy war" . ???????? . Archived from the original on 17 October 2014.
↑ Documents Working Papers , p. 4, ?? ???? ????
↑ "Emir Muhannad: The Last of Chechnya's Arab Volunteers" . The Jamestown Foundation. 29 April 2011. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011 . Retrieved 25 June 2011 . | Ibn Al-Khattab †
↑ Федеральным силам в Чечне противостоят 22 тыс. боевиков Russian Ministry of Defense ??????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine
↑ War Veterans in Postwar Situations: Chechnya, Serbia, Turkey, Peru, and Cote D'Ivoire , p. 237, ?? ???? ???? Nathalie Duclos, 2012, ???? ‎????????????? , page 237
↑ Independent Newspapers Online. "Thousands of Russians killed in Chechnya" . Independent Online . Archived from the original on 2 August 2012 . Retrieved 20 May 2015 .
↑ "Defense and Security / PressPATROL / Media Monitoring Agency WPS" . wps.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2015 .
↑ "Second Chechen campaign takes its toll" . Archived from the original on 5 October 2013.
↑ "S. Russia police foiled 30 terrorist acts since Jan. -prosecutor | Russia | RIA Novosti" . En.rian.ru. 21 June 2007 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .
↑ Sean. "Interior Ministry Releases Casualties in Chechnya" . Seansrussiablog.org . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . ^{^{[
??? ?????? ?? ????
]}}
↑ "More than 1,000 Chechen police died in anti-terrorist operations ? Chechen Interior Ministry" . Groups.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .
↑ WPS observer. "On losses in Russian army" . Wps.ru . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .
↑ "The Second Chechen War" . historyguy.com . Retrieved 20 May 2015 .
↑ "Russia: December 25, 2002" . Strategypage.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .
↑ "Russia put 750 militants out of action in 2009 ? Interior Ministry | Russia | RIA Novosti" . En.rian.ru. 1 October 2009 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .
↑ What justice for Chechnya's disappeared? . AI Index: EUR 46/015/2007, 23 May 2007
↑ Chechen leader says spy 'died a hero' ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine , Life Style Extra , 27 November 2006
↑ "Over 200,000 Killed in Chechnya Since 1994 ? Pro-Moscow Official - NE…" . 20 November 2004. Archived from the original on 20 November 2004 . Retrieved 12 March 2017 .
↑ Civil and military casualties of the wars in Chechnya Russian-Chechen Friendship Society , 2003
↑ "Russia acknowledges 500 soldiers killed in Chechnya since 2006" . Spacewar.com. 30 March 2016 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .
↑ "Dagestan moves to state of holy war" . The Independent . 11 August 1999 . Retrieved 9 December 2017 .
↑ Sakwa, Richard (2005). "Introduction: Why Chechnya?". In Richard Sakwa (ed.). Chechnya: From Past to Future (1st ed.). London: Anthem Press. pp. 1?42. ISBN 978-1-84331-164-5 .
↑ "CIA ? The World Factbook ? Russia" . Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .
↑ It's over, and Putin won ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine ?????? Retrieved on 23 February 2009
↑ "Russia 'ends Chechnya operation' " . BBC News . 16 April 2009 . Retrieved 14 April 2009 .
↑ Chechen self-proclaimed government-in-exile lays down weapons ??????????? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? Wayback Machine ???? Retrieved on 29 July 2009
↑ "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 . Retrieved 2010-04-28 . {{ cite web }}: ??????? ??????:????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ( link ) 4,572 servicemen of all security agencies killed by December 2002, 680 ??????? ???? ???????? ????? soldiers killed in 2003?2007 "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 6 October 2014 . Retrieved 2008-11-07 . {{ cite web }}: ??????? ??????:????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ( link )
↑ "Russia acknowledges 3,400 soldiers killed in Chechnya since 1999" . Spacewar.com. 30 March 2005 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .
↑ Chechnya War ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? Wayback Machine , ?????? , 11 April 2007
↑ KavkazCenter - European Parliament recognizes deportation of Chechens as act of genocide
↑ ≪???? ????? ???≫ . ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ? ?????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? .

[1] "Turkish Volunteers in Chechnya" . The Jamestown Foundation . Retrieved 20 May 2015 .

[2] The Chechens: A Handbook , p. 237, ?? ???? ????

[3] Politics of Conflict: A Survey , p. 68, ?? ???? ????

[4] Energy and Security in the Caucasus , p. 66, ?? ???? ????

[Cooley-5] Cooley, John K. (2002). Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism (3rd ed.). London: Pluto Press . p. 195 . ISBN 978-0-7453-1917-9 . A Turkish Fascist youth group, the "Grey Wolves," was recruited to fight with the Chechens.

[Goltz-6] Goltz, Thomas (2003). Chechnya Diary: A War Correspondent's Story of Surviving the War in Chechnya . New York: Thomas Dunne Books. p. 22 . ISBN 978-0-312-26874-9 . I called a well-informed diplomat pal and arranged to meet him at a bar favored by the pan-Turkic crowd known as the Gray Wolves, who were said to be actively supporting the Chechens with men and arms.
...the Azerbaijani Gray Wolf leader, Iskander, Hamidov...

[Isingor-7] Isingor, Ali (6 September 2000). "Istanbul: Gateway to a holy war" . ???????? . Archived from the original on 17 October 2014.

[8] Documents Working Papers , p. 4, ?? ???? ????

[Jamestown-9] "Emir Muhannad: The Last of Chechnya's Arab Volunteers" . The Jamestown Foundation. 29 April 2011. Archived from the original on 23 June 2011 . Retrieved 25 June 2011 . | Ibn Al-Khattab †

[10] Федеральным силам в Чечне противостоят 22 тыс. боевиков Russian Ministry of Defense ??????????? ?? ?? ??????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine

[11] War Veterans in Postwar Situations: Chechnya, Serbia, Turkey, Peru, and Cote D'Ivoire , p. 237, ?? ???? ???? Nathalie Duclos, 2012, ???? ‎????????????? , page 237

[12] Independent Newspapers Online. "Thousands of Russians killed in Chechnya" . Independent Online . Archived from the original on 2 August 2012 . Retrieved 20 May 2015 .

[13] "Defense and Security / PressPATROL / Media Monitoring Agency WPS" . wps.ru . Retrieved 20 May 2015 .

[14] "Second Chechen campaign takes its toll" . Archived from the original on 5 October 2013.

[15] "S. Russia police foiled 30 terrorist acts since Jan. -prosecutor | Russia | RIA Novosti" . En.rian.ru. 21 June 2007 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .

[16] Sean. "Interior Ministry Releases Casualties in Chechnya" . Seansrussiablog.org . Retrieved 17 October 2011 . ^{^{[
??? ?????? ?? ????
]}}

[17] "More than 1,000 Chechen police died in anti-terrorist operations ? Chechen Interior Ministry" . Groups.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on 8 July 2012 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .

[18] WPS observer. "On losses in Russian army" . Wps.ru . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .

[19] "The Second Chechen War" . historyguy.com . Retrieved 20 May 2015 .

[20] "Russia: December 25, 2002" . Strategypage.com . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .

[21] "Russia put 750 militants out of action in 2009 ? Interior Ministry | Russia | RIA Novosti" . En.rian.ru. 1 October 2009 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .

[22] What justice for Chechnya's disappeared? . AI Index: EUR 46/015/2007, 23 May 2007

[23] Chechen leader says spy 'died a hero' ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine , Life Style Extra , 27 November 2006

[24] "Over 200,000 Killed in Chechnya Since 1994 ? Pro-Moscow Official - NE…" . 20 November 2004. Archived from the original on 20 November 2004 . Retrieved 12 March 2017 .

[hrvc-25] Civil and military casualties of the wars in Chechnya Russian-Chechen Friendship Society , 2003

[Soldiers'_Mothers_500-26] "Russia acknowledges 500 soldiers killed in Chechnya since 2006" . Spacewar.com. 30 March 2016 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .

[27] "Dagestan moves to state of holy war" . The Independent . 11 August 1999 . Retrieved 9 December 2017 .

[sakwa_chechnya-28] Sakwa, Richard (2005). "Introduction: Why Chechnya?". In Richard Sakwa (ed.). Chechnya: From Past to Future (1st ed.). London: Anthem Press. pp. 1?42. ISBN 978-1-84331-164-5 .

[29] "CIA ? The World Factbook ? Russia" . Cia.gov. Archived from the original on 3 July 2015 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .

[30] It's over, and Putin won ??????????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? Wayback Machine ?????? Retrieved on 23 February 2009

[bbc-endwar-31] "Russia 'ends Chechnya operation' " . BBC News . 16 April 2009 . Retrieved 14 April 2009 .

[32] Chechen self-proclaimed government-in-exile lays down weapons ??????????? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? Wayback Machine ???? Retrieved on 29 July 2009

[bbcr-33] "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 5 March 2016 . Retrieved 2010-04-28 . {{ cite web }}: ??????? ??????:????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ( link ) 4,572 servicemen of all security agencies killed by December 2002, 680 ??????? ???? ???????? ????? soldiers killed in 2003?2007 "Archived copy" . Archived from the original on 6 October 2014 . Retrieved 2008-11-07 . {{ cite web }}: ??????? ??????:????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ( link )

[Soldiers'_Mothers_14000-34] "Russia acknowledges 3,400 soldiers killed in Chechnya since 1999" . Spacewar.com. 30 March 2005 . Retrieved 17 October 2011 .

[Reuters-35] Chechnya War ??????????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? Wayback Machine , ?????? , 11 April 2007

[36] KavkazCenter - European Parliament recognizes deportation of Chechens as act of genocide

[37] ≪???? ????? ???≫ . ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ? ?????? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? .

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

? ? ? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????
?????? ????	??? ????????????? 1993 Russian constitutional crisis April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????
?????? ????	Basque conflict The Troubles Dissident Irish Republican campaign ISIL-related terror attacks in France
??????? ???????	??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????-???????????
?????? ???? ???? (??? ?? ??????? ????????)	Albanian Civil War ??? ????? Albania?Yugoslav border incident (????? ????) Insurgency in the Pre?evo Valley 2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia 2004 unrest in Kosovo 2012 Republic of Macedonia inter-ethnic violence
????? ?????	East Prigorodny Conflict Chechen?Russian conflict ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? War of Dagestan ??? ??? ??? War in Ingushetia Insurgency in the North Caucasus
????? ?????	South Ossetia War (???????) Georgian Civil War (1991?93) Abkhaz?Georgian conflict (1989?present) ??? ????? 1992?93 1998 Pankisi Gorge crisis (2002?04) ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? (???????????) ??? ??????? (???????) ??? ??????? ???? Abkhazian Revolution (2014)

? ? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? (???? ???? ????????? ? ????? )
?????	Uprising of Bolotnikov ?????? ????? Bulavin Rebellion ???? ?????? Decembrist revolt ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? 1993 Russian constitutional crisis ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? Insurgency in the North Caucasus
??? ?? ??? ?????	Muscovite?Volga Bulgars war (1376) First Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Russo-Swedish War (1495?1497) Second Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Third Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Fourth Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Fifth Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Russo-Crimean Wars Russo-Kazan Wars Russo-Swedish War (1554?1557) ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ???? (???????) Polish?Muscovite War (1605?1618) and the Time of Troubles ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ?????????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) ??? (????? ??????) ????? ??? ????? Russo-Turkish War (1676?1681) ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????)
??? ?????? ? ??????	??? ???? ????? Russo-Turkish War (1710?1711) ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ??????? ????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? (?????????) ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) ??? ??????? ????? (?????????) Russo-Swedish War (1741?1743) ??? ???????? ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) Bar Confederation ??? ????? ? ????? (????- ????) ??? ???? ? ????? (?????????) Russo-Polish War (1792) Ko?ciuszko Uprising ???? ????? ?? ????? (????) ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? (?????????) Anglo-Russian War ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? Russo-Circassian War Murid War ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ??? ?????? ? ????? (?????????) ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? Amur Acquisition ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? Khivan campaign of 1873 ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????
??? ?????	??? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?????? Heimosodat ????? ????? ?? ??? (????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??????-????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? Red Army intervention in Mongolia Urtatagai conflict (1925?1926) ??? ??? ? ????? (????) ??????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? (????) ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? (??? ????? ???) ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????-???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????
??? ???? ? ???	??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? Western Libyan campaign ??? ??????? ??????? (????)
????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????