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?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ? ??????? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????. ^[??] ????????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ????????? ???????? ? ?????? ? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????.

???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? [ ?????? ]

?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??. ??? ?????-?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????.

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↑ ^??? ^??? ????? ????? ( ???? ). ≪?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????≫. ??????? ????????? (??): ?? ? ?? .
↑ Russian Civil War Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2012
↑ Mawdsley 2007 , p. 287.
↑ Bullock 2008 , p. 7: "Peripheral regions of the former Russian Empire that had broken away to form new nations had to fight for independence: Finland, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia and Azerbaijan."
↑ Calder 1976 , p. 166: "[...] the Russian army disintegrated after the failure of the Galician offensive in July 1917."
↑ Read 1996 , p. 237: By 1920 77% of the Red Army's enlisted ranks comprised peasant conscripts.
↑ ^??? ^??? Williams, Beryl, The Russian Revolution 1917?1921, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (1987), ???? ‎????????????????? , ???? ‎?????????????
↑ Overy 2004 , p. 446: By the end of the civil war, one-third of all Red Army officers were ex-Tsarist voenspetsy "
↑ Figes 1997 , p. 656:"To mobilize the peasants Kolchak's army resorted increasingly to terror. There was no effective local administration to enforce the conscription in any other way, and in any case the Whites' world-view ruled out the need to persuade the peasants."
↑ Cover Story: Churchill's Greatness. ??????????? ?? ????-??-?? ???? Wayback Machine Interview with Jeffrey Wallin. (The Churchill Centre)
↑ Keith Bullivant, Geoffrey J. Giles and Walter Pape, (1999). Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identity and Cultural Differences, . Rodopi. pp. 28?9. ISBN 90-420-0678-1 . {{ cite book }}: ??????? CS1: ?????????? ????? ( link ) ??????? ??????:??????? ?????:????? ????????? ( link )
↑ ?????? ???? ????. ≪???? ?? ??? ????? ?????≫ . ????? ??????. ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? .

?????????? ???????

[:0-1] ??? ^??? ????? ????? ( ???? ). ≪?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????≫. ??????? ????????? (??): ?? ? ?? .

[britannica-2] Russian Civil War Encyclopædia Britannica Online 2012

[FOOTNOTEMawdsley2007287-3] Mawdsley 2007 , p. 287.

[FOOTNOTEBullock20087-4] Bullock 2008 , p. 7: "Peripheral regions of the former Russian Empire that had broken away to form new nations had to fight for independence: Finland, Poland, Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia and Azerbaijan."

[FOOTNOTECalder1976166-5] Calder 1976 , p. 166: "[...] the Russian army disintegrated after the failure of the Galician offensive in July 1917."

[FOOTNOTERead1996237-6] Read 1996 , p. 237: By 1920 77% of the Red Army's enlisted ranks comprised peasant conscripts.

[Williams,_Beryl_1921-7] ??? ^??? Williams, Beryl, The Russian Revolution 1917?1921, Blackwell Publishing Ltd. (1987), ???? ‎????????????????? , ???? ‎?????????????

[FOOTNOTEOvery2004446-8] Overy 2004 , p. 446: By the end of the civil war, one-third of all Red Army officers were ex-Tsarist voenspetsy "

[FOOTNOTEFiges1997656-9] Figes 1997 , p. 656:"To mobilize the peasants Kolchak's army resorted increasingly to terror. There was no effective local administration to enforce the conscription in any other way, and in any case the Whites' world-view ruled out the need to persuade the peasants."

[10] Cover Story: Churchill's Greatness. ??????????? ?? ????-??-?? ???? Wayback Machine Interview with Jeffrey Wallin. (The Churchill Centre)

[11] Keith Bullivant, Geoffrey J. Giles and Walter Pape, (1999). Germany and Eastern Europe: Cultural Identity and Cultural Differences, . Rodopi. pp. 28?9. ISBN 90-420-0678-1 . {{ cite book }}: ??????? CS1: ?????????? ????? ( link ) ??????? ??????:??????? ?????:????? ????????? ( link )

[12] ?????? ???? ????. ≪???? ?? ??? ????? ?????≫ . ????? ??????. ??????????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? . ?????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? .

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?????	Ukrainian?Soviet War ??? ??????-????? Lithuanian?Soviet War ??????? ???? ????? ? ???? Sino?Soviet conflict (1929) Soviet Invasion of Xinjiang ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? (????) ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?????-???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????

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?????	Uprising of Bolotnikov ?????? ????? Bulavin Rebellion ???? ?????? Decembrist revolt ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? 1993 Russian constitutional crisis ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? Insurgency in the North Caucasus
??? ?? ??? ?????	Muscovite?Volga Bulgars war (1376) First Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Russo-Swedish War (1495?1497) Second Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Third Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Fourth Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Fifth Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Russo-Crimean Wars Russo-Kazan Wars Russo-Swedish War (1554?1557) ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ???? (???????) Polish?Muscovite War (1605?1618) and the Time of Troubles ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ?????????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) ??? (????? ??????) ????? ??? ????? Russo-Turkish War (1676?1681) ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????)
??? ?????? ? ??????	??? ???? ????? Russo-Turkish War (1710?1711) ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ??????? ????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? (?????????) ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) ??? ??????? ????? (?????????) Russo-Swedish War (1741?1743) ??? ???????? ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) Bar Confederation ??? ????? ? ????? (????- ????) ??? ???? ? ????? (?????????) Russo-Polish War (1792) Ko?ciuszko Uprising ???? ????? ?? ????? (????) ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? (?????????) Anglo-Russian War ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? Russo-Circassian War Murid War ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ??? ?????? ? ????? (?????????) ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? Amur Acquisition ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? Khivan campaign of 1873 ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????
??? ?????	??? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?????? Heimosodat ????? ????? ?? ??? (????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??????-????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? Red Army intervention in Mongolia Urtatagai conflict (1925?1926) ??? ??? ? ????? (????) ??????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? (????) ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? (??? ????? ???) ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????-???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????
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