Drama
(ex
Graeco
δρ?μα '
actio
', ex Graeco δρ?ω 'facere, agere') est disertus
fictionis
modus
in
perfunctione
repraesentatus
.
[1]
Actio
dramatis in
theatro
, ab
actoribus
super
pulpito
ante
audientiam
collaborativos
productionis modos et
conlectivum
receptionis
genus
sumit.
Structura textuum dramaticorum
, aliorum
litterarum
generum sic dissimilis, ab hac productione conlaborativa et receptione conlectiva recta impellitur.
[2]
Hamlet
,
tragoedia
Anglica
Gulielmi Shakesperii
(
1601
), et
Oedipus rex
,
tragoedia
classicum Athenarum
Sophoclis
(circa
429 a.C.n.
), sunt inter opera
artis
dramaticae summo artificio facta.
[3]
Exemplum hodiernum est
Long Day's Journey into Night
Eugenii O'Neill
(1956).
[4]
Personae
duae cum dramate consociatae usitatam divisionem
genericam
inter
comoediam
et
tragoediam
repraesentant. Quae
Thaliam
et
Melpomenen
,
Musas
Graeciae antiquae
, imitantur: Thalia musa comoediae (vultu ridente), Melpomene musa tragoediae (vultu flente). Discrepatus est modus dramaticus, plerumque genus
poesis
habitus, cum modis
epico
et
lyrico
post
Poeticam
Aristotelis
vulgatam (circa
335 a.C.n.
)?primum opus
theoriae dramaticae
.
[5]
Drama saepe cum
musica
et
saltatione
coniungitur: drama in
opera
usitate penitus canitur;
ludi musici
plerumque
diverbium
et
cantus
habent; et in nonnullis dramatis generibus, insigniter inter quae
melodrama
et
N?
Iaponiensi
,
musica incidentalis
vel
adiunctio
diverbium exornat.
[6]
Certis
historiae
temporibus (in antiquo
Romano
et hodierno
Romantico
), nonnulla dramata ad
legenda
potius in
scaena
repraesentata scripta sunt.
[7]
Nexus interni
- ↑
Elam 1980: 98.
- ↑
Pfister 1977: 11.
- ↑
Fergusson 1949: 2?3.
- ↑
Daniel S. Burt,
The Drama 100: A Ranking of the Greatest Plays of All Time
(Facts on File, 2008),
ISBN 978-0-8160-6073-3
.
- ↑
Franciscus Fergusson
Anglice adfirmat "a drama, as distinguished from a lyric, is not primarily a composition in the verbal medium; the words result, as one might put it, from the underlying structure of incident and character. As Aristotle remarks, 'the poet, or "maker" should be the maker of plots rather than of verses; since he is a poet because he imitates, and what he imitates are actions'" (1949:8).
- ↑
Vide, exempli gratia, "opera," "musical theatre, American," "melodrama," et "N?" in Banham 1998.
- ↑
Quamquam historici theatri inter se discrepant, ludi
Senecae
ad scaenam fortasse non destinati sunt.
Manfred
Byronianum
est exemplum "
poematis dramatici
." Vide "Seneca" et "Byron (George George)" in Banham 1998.
- Banham, Martin, ed.
1998
.
The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 0-521-43437-8
.
- Baumer, Rachel Van M., et James R. Brandon, eds.
1981
.
Sanskrit Theatre in Performance.
Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1993.
ISBN 978-81-208-0772-3
.
- Brandon, James R.
1981
. Introduction. In Baumer and Brandon 1981: xvii?xx.
- Brandon, James R., ed.
1997
.
The Cambridge Guide to Asian Theatre.'
Ed. secunda, retractata. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 978-0-521-58822-5
.
- Brockett, Oscar G., et Franklin J. Hildy.
2003
.
History of the Theatre
. Ed. nona, ed. internationalis. Bostoniae: Allyn and Bacon.
ISBN 0-205-41050-2
.
- Brown, Andrew.
1998
. "Ancient Greece." In
The Cambridge Guide to Theatre.
Ed. Martin Banham. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 441?47.
ISBN 0-521-43437-8
.
- Carlson, Marvin.
1993
.
Theories of the Theatre: A Historical and Critical Survey from the Greeks to the Present.
Ed. augmentata. Ithacae et Londinii: Cornell University Press.
ISBN 978-0-8014-8154-3
.
- Cartledge, Paul.
1997
. "'Deep Plays': Theatre as Process in Greek Civic Life." In Easterling 1997c: 3?35.
- Duchartre, Pierre Louis.
1929
.
The Italian Comedy
. Reimpressus. Novi Eboraci: Dover, 1966.
ISBN 0-486-21679-9
.
- Dukore, Bernard F., ed.
1974
.
Dramatic Theory and Criticism: Greeks to
. Florentiae Kentukiae: Heinle & Heinle.
ISBN 0-03-091152-4
.
- Durant, Will, et Ariel Durant.
1963
.
The Story of Civilization, Volume II: The Life of Greece
. 11 voll. Novi Eboraci: Simon & Schuster.
- Easterling, P. E.
1997a
. "A Show for Dionysus." In Easterling 1997c: 36?53.
- Easterling, P. E.
1997b
. "Form and Performance." In Easterling 1997c: 151?77.
- Easterling, P. E., ed.
1997c
.
The Cambridge Companion to Greek Tragedy
. Cambridge Companions to Literature ser. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 0-521-42351-1
.
- Elam, Keir.
1980
.
The Semiotics of Theatre and Drama.
New Accents Ser. Londinii et Novi9 Eboraci: Methuen.
ISBN 0-416-72060-9
.
- Fergusson, Francis
.
1949
.
The Idea of a Theater: A Study of Ten Plays, The Art of Drama in a Changing Perspective.
Princetoniae Novae Caesareae: Princeton University Press, 1968.
ISBN 0-691-01288-1
.
- Goldhill, Simon.
1997
. "The Audience of Athenian Tragedy." In Easterling 1997c: 54?68.
- Gordon, Mel.
1983
.
Lazzi: The Comic Routines of the Commedia dell'Arte
. Novi Eboraci Performing Arts Journal Publications.
ISBN 0-933826-69-9
.
- Harsh, Philip Whaley.
1944
.
A Handbook of Classical Drama
. Stanford: Stanford University Press; Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
- Johnstone, Keith
.
1981
.
Impro: Improvisation and the Theatre
Ed. retractata. Londinii: Methuen, 2007.
ISBN 0-7136-8701-0
.
- Ley, Graham.
2006
.
A Short Introduction to the Ancient Greek Theater.
Ed. retractata. Sicagi et Londinii: University of Chicago Press.
ISBN 0-226-47761-4
.
- Ley, Graham.
2007
.
The Theatricality of Greek Tragedy: Playing Space and Chorus.
Sicagi et Londinii: University of Chicago Press.
ISBN 0-226-47757-6
.
- Pfister, Manfred.
1977
.
The Theory and Analysis of Drama
. Conv. John Halliday. European Studies in English Literature Ser. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press, 1988.
ISBN 0-521-42383-X
.
- Rehm, Rush
.
1992
.
Greek Tragic Theatre.
Theatre Production Studies ser. Londinii et Novi Eboraci: Routledge.
ISBN 0-415-11894-8
.
- Richmond, Farley.
1998
. "India." In Banham 1998:516?525.
- Richmond, Farley P., Darius L. Swann, et Phillip B. Zarrilli, eds.
1993
.
Indian Theatre: Traditions of Performance.
University of Hawaii Press.
ISBN 978-0-8248-1322-2
.
- Spolin, Viola
.
1967
.
Improvisation for the Theater
. Ed. tertia, retractata. Evanston, Illinoesiae: Northwestern University Press, 1999.
ISBN 0-8101-4008-X
.
- Taxidou, Olga.
2004
.
Tragedy, Modernity and Mourning
. Edinburgi: Edinburgh University Press.
ISBN 0-7486-1987-9
.
- Weimann, Robert.
1978
.
Shakespeare and the Popular Tradition in the Theater: Studies in the Social Dimension of Dramatic Form and Function.
Baltimorae et Londinii: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
ISBN 0-8018-3506-2
.
- Weimann, Robert.
2000
.
Author's Pen and Actor's Voice: Playing and Writing in Shakespeare's Theatre
. Ed. Helen Higbee and William West. Cambridge Studies in Renaissance Literature and Culture. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
ISBN 0-521-78735-1
.