??????????

?????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????????????.??? '???????' ??????? ????????.

???????????? (Animation) ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????????????.

???? ??? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????????? .

???? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????.

????????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????????? ?????????????????????. ???????????????? 1 ???????? 24 ????????? (frames) ???????????????. ?????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????. ????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????.

?????????????? [ ???? ]

????????????????????? ???????? ???? (Animation), ?????????(anim?ti?, "the act of bringing to life") ????? ???????? ?????????????? ??????????.

?????????? [ ???? ]

?????????????? ???? ??????????????? ???? ?? ???????????????? ?????????????????.

????????? ????????????? [ ???? ]

????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. 20-??? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ??????????????. ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????????????. ????? ??????? ????????????????? ????? ?????????????? ????????. ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????????.

?????????? ????? ????????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ?????. ?? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????. ?????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????. ????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????????? ???? ?????????. ?????????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ???????????, ???????? ????????????????? ??????????.

???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ????????????????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????????????? ???? ????????????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????. ???????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?????? (????????, 1937), ? ???????? ??????? ??????????? (??.???., 1993), ??????? ?????? (??.???., 2005), ??????? (??.???., 2009). ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????????????. ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ?????????????????????. ???????? ?? ?????? ???? (??.???.1957-1967), ?????? ???????? ( ??????????? 1977-2000), ????? ????? ???????? ???????? (???????????, 1989) ????? ????? ???????? ????????, ?? ?????? ???? ( ??????????? , 1984) ??????? ???, ?? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??????.

????????? [ ???? ]

?????? ?????? ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????????????? ????? ???????, ????????? ????? ??????? 1981 ??? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? (?? ?????????? ???? ?????) ???? ?????? ?????? ????????.

?????????? ??????? ????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????????? ??????. ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ?????. ?????? ???????? ???? (bouncing ball) ????? ????? ????????? ???????????????, ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????????????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????????.

?????????????? [ ???? ]

????????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?????????. ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????????. ????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????. ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????????????, ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????.

???? ??????????? [ ???? ]

???? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????. ???? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????????????????. ???? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????. ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????????.

?????????????? ????????? [ ???? ]

????????? ??????????
?????????? ??????????

????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????????????(x,y) ???????.????????? ??????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? (flash), ???? ???? (toonboom) ????? ???? ????????? ?????????????????????.

?????????? ?????????? [ ???? ]

??????????????? (x,y,z) ???????. ?????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? (maya) ????? ???? ????????? ?????????????????????.

?????????????? ?????? [ ???? ]

????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????????????. ?? ????????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????. ?????? ???????????, ??????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????????????.

???? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????????????.

???????? ’’’????????’’’ ????? ???????? ??.?? 180-??? ??????????????????? ^[1].

1404-1438-????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???????????????. ???? ????????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????????? ???? ????????????? ^[2].

??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????????????????. ??????????????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ?????? ??????????. ??? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????.

??????????????? ?????? ??????????????? (Projector), ??????????? (Printer), ??????????????? (Camera) ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????. ???? ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????. ?????????????? ????? 1894 ????? ^[3]. ????? ?????????? ???????????????(1832), ????????(1834), ?????????? ?????? (1877) ?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????????????.

????? ????????????????? [ ???? ]

???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????. ???? ?????????? ???????? 1877-??? ???????????????. ????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????????????. ???? ?????????? ??????? (Theatre Optique) 1888-??? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????????. 1892-??? ????? ???????? 28??? ????? ????? ??????????? ’’’?????? ????’’’, ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????. ????????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????????????????. ??????????? ?????????? 500 ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????????????????. 1900-??? ??????? ???????????? ????? ??????????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????? ????????????????????.

????????? [ ???? ]

???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??????????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????????. ????????????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????????? 1932 ??? ????????????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????(short Flowers and Trees) ??????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????????????.

??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????.

??????????? ???????? ??????????? 2008 ??? ????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????.
?????????? ???????? 2006 ??? ????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????.
?????? ?????? ???????? ??????
1981 ??? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????? ?????? ????????.
???? ?????? ????????????????? ??????,
??????? ??????????? 2007 ??? ????????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????? ????????.
????? ?????? ????????????????? ??????,
????? ?????? ????????????????? ?????? 2006 ??? ????????????? ???????????? ????????.
??????? ?????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ????????.

????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??? ?????? ?????. 1990 ????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? , ?????? ???????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ??????.

????? ?????? - ?????? ???????? ??????????
????? ??????- ?????? ???????? ??????????
????? ?????? - ?????? ?????????? ??????????. ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????.

??????????? [ ???? ]

↑ Ronan, Colin A (1985). The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 2 . Cambridge University Press. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-521-31536-4 . {{ cite book }}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( help )
↑ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgALlSPlZC8
↑ McLaughlin, Dan. "A RATHER INCOMPLETE BUT STILL FASCINATING" . Film Tv . UCLA. Archived from the original on 19 ??????? 2009 . ????????????? ???? 12 February 2013 .

?????? ?????? [ ???? ]

Anderson, Joseph and Barbara, "The Myth of Persistence of Vision Revisited", Journal of Film and Video ????????????? 2009-11-24 at the ??????? ????????? , Vol. 45, No. 1 (Spring 1993): 3-12
Culhane, Shamus, Animation Script to Screen
Laybourne, Kit, The Animation Book
Ledoux, Trish, Ranney, Doug, & Patten, Fred (Ed.), Complete Anime Guide: Japanese Animation Film Directory and Resource Guide , Tiger Mountain Press 1997
Lowe, Richard & Schnotz, Wolfgang (Eds) Learning with Animation. Research implications for design Cambridge University Press, 2008
Masson, Terrence, CG101: A Computer Graphics Industry Reference Unique and personal histories of early computer animation production, plus a comprehensive foundation of the industry for all reading levels. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-9778710-0-1
Serenko, Alexander, The development of an instrument to measure the degree of animation predisposition of agent users , Computers in Human Behavior Vol. 23, No. 1 (2007): 478-495.
Thomas, Frank and Johnston, Ollie, Disney Animation: The Illusion of Life , Abbeville 1981
Walters, Faber and Helen (Ed.), Animation Unlimited: Innovative Short Films Since 1940 , HarperCollins Publishers, 2004
Williams, Richard, The Animator's Survival Kit ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-571-20228-7
Bob Godfrey and Anna Jackson, 'The Do-It-Yourself Film Animation Book' BBC Publications 1974 ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-563-10829-0 Now out of print but available s/hand through a range of sources such as Amazon Uk.
Lawson, Tim and Alisa Persons. The Magic Behind the Voices : A Who's Who of Cartoon Voice Actors. University Press of Mississippi. 2004. (A history of cartoon voice-overs and biographies and photographs of many prominent animation voice actors.)
Ball, R., Beck, J., DeMott R., Deneroff, H., Gerstein, D., Gladstone, F., Knott, T., Leal, A., Maestri, G., Mallory, M., Mayerson, M., McCracken, H., McGuire, D., Nagel, J., Pattern, F., Pointer, R., Webb, P., Robinson, C., Ryan, W., Scott, K., Snyder, A. & Webb, G. (2004) Animation Art: From Pencil to Pixel, the History of Cartoon, Anime & CGI . Fulhamm London.: Flame Tree Publishing. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-1-84451-140-2
Crafton, Donald (1982). Before Mickey . Cambridge, Massachusetts.: The MIT Press. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-262-03083-0
Solomon, Charles (1989). Enchanted Drawings: The History of Animation . New York.: Random House, Inc. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-394-54684-1

??????????????? [ ???? ]

?????????? ?????? ????? ???????????
Experimental Animation Techniques
The making of an 8-minute cartoon short
Introduction to animation video production ????????????? 2015-07-08 at the ??????? ?????????
"Animando" ????????????? 2009-10-01 at the ??????? ????????? , a 12-minute film demonstrating 10 different animation techniques (and teaching how to use them).

[1] Ronan, Colin A (1985). The Shorter Science and Civilisation in China: Volume 2 . Cambridge University Press. ??????????? ?????????? ??? 978-0-521-31536-4 . {{ cite book }}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored ( help )

[2] ttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JgALlSPlZC8

[3] McLaughlin, Dan. "A RATHER INCOMPLETE BUT STILL FASCINATING" . Film Tv . UCLA. Archived from the original on 19 ??????? 2009 . ????????????? ???? 12 February 2013 .

[1]

[2]

[3]