Thomas Edison

Thomas Edison
	; Vu?i
Ħajja
Isem propju	Thomas Alva Edison
Twelid	Milan (en) , 11 Frar 1847
Nazzjonalita	Stati Uniti tal-Amerka
Grupp etniku	Americans (en)
L-ewwel lingwa	Ingli?
Mewt	West Orange (en) , 18 Ottubru 1931
Post tad-dfin	Thomas Edison National Historical Park (en)
Kaw?a tal-mewt	kaw?i naturali ( dijabete tat-tieni tip )
Familja
Missier	Samuel Ogden Edison
Omm	Nancy Elliott
Konjuga/i	Mary Stilwell Edison (en) (1871 - 9 Awwissu 1884) ; Mina Miller (en) (1886 - 1931)
Ulied	uri Charles Edison (en) ; Theodore Miller Edison (en) ; Thomas Alva Edison Jr. (en) ; Marion Estelle Edison Oeser (en) ; Madeleine Edison (en) ; William Leslie Edison (en) ;
Aħwa	uri Carlisle Snow Edison (en) ;
Familja	uri Lewis Miller (en) ( father-in-law (en) ) ;
Edukazzjoni
Alma mater	Cooper Union (en) ; (1875 - 1879) : kimika
Lingwi	Ingli?
Okkupazzjoni
Okkupazzjoni	in?inier ; inventur ; matematiku ; imprenditur ; xene??atur ; negozjant ; direttur tal-films ; fi?iku
Impjegaturi	General Electric (en) ; Continental Edison (en)
Xogħlijiet importanti	incandescent light bulb (en) ; phonograph (en)
Premjijiet	List Commander of the Legion of Honour (10 Settembru 1889) ; Grammy Trustees Award (1977) ; Benjamin Franklin Medal ; Matteucci Medal (1887) ; Rumford Prize (1895) ; John Scott Award (1889) ; New Jersey Hall of Fame (2008) ; Franklin Medal (1915) ; Congressional Gold Medal (1928) ; National Inventors Hall of Fame (1973) ; Navy Distinguished Service Medal (1920) ; Albert Medal (1892) ; Edward Longstreth Medal (1899) ; Technical Grammy Award (2010) ; John Fritz Medal (1908) ; honorary doctor of Rutgers University ; star on Hollywood Walk of Fame ; Kavallier tal-Le?jun tal-Unur (1879) ; Officer of the Legion of Honour (1881) ; grand officer of the Order of the Crown of Italy (1889) ; John Scott Award (1929) ;
Nominat għal	uri Premju Nobel għall-Fi?ika ; (1915) ;
Sħubija	Akkademja Rjali ?vedi?a tax-Xjenzi ; American Philosophical Society ; Akkademja tax-Xjenzi tal-URSS ; Akkademja Russa tax-Xjenzi ; Akkademja Nazzjonali tax-Xjenzi ; Naval Advisory Board of Inventions (en)

( EN ) A Day with Thomas Edison (1922)

Thomas Alva Edison ( Milan , 11 ta' Frar 1847 ? West Orange , 18 ta' Ottubru 1931 ) kien inventur u negozjant Amerikan . Huwa ?viluppa bosta mezzi li influwenzaw il-ħajja madwar id-dinja bil-kbir, inklu? il- fonografu , il- kamera tal-istampa mottiva u l-bozzap rattika. Imlaqqam, "Is-saħħar tal-park ta' Menlo", ^[1] huwa kien wieħed mill-ewwel inventuri li applika l-prin?ipji tal- produzzjoni tal-massa u l-ħidma f'tim għall-pro?ess tal-invenzjoni , u minħabba hekk, u huwa ta' sikwit imfaħħar bil-kreazzjoni tal-ewwel laboratorju tal-industrija u tar-ri?erka. ^[2]

Edison huwa r-raba' l-iktar inventur profiliku fl-istorja, u j?omm 1,093 a?jenda privattiva f'ismu, kif ukoll patenti oħra fir-Renju Unit, fi Franza u fil-?ermanja. Huwa mfaħħar ukoll, għan-numru sostanzjali ta' invenzjonijiet li kkontribwixxa għall- komunikazzjoni tal-massa , u, partikolarment it-telekomunikazzjonijiet. Fost dawn l-invenzjonijiet telekomunikattivi nistgħu nsibu l-istokk tiker, li jirre?istra l-vot b'mod mekkaniku, il-batterija għall-karozza li tiffunzjona bl-elettriku, il-qawwa elettrika u l-irrikordjar tal-mu?ika u tal-i stampa mottiva

Ix-xogħol avvanzat tiegħu f'dawn l-oqsma kien l-axonali tal-karriera prekarja tiegħu bħala operatur telegrafiku . Edison ?viluppa s-sistema ta' ?enerazzjoni u ta' distribuzzjoni ^[3] tal-ener?ija elettrika għad-djar, għan-negozju u għall-fabbriki-?vilupp kru?jali fid-dinja moderna u industrijalizzata. L-ewwel stazzjon tal-ener?ija tiegħu kien ibena fi triq il-perli, ?ewwa Manhatten , f'New York. ^[3]

?wi?ijiet u Tfal [ immodifika | immodifika s-sors ]

Fil-25 ta' Di?embru, 1871, Edison i??ewwe? lil Mary Stilwell ta' 16-il sena (1855?1884), li ltaqa' magħha xahrejn qabel; hija kienet l-impjegata ta' wieħed mill-ħwienet tiegħu. Huma kellhom tlett itfal:

Marion Estelle Edison (1873?1965), imlaqqma "Dot" ^[4]

Thomas Alva Edison, Jr. (1876?1935), imlaqqam "Dash" ^[5]

William Leslie Edison (1878?1937) Inventur, u ggradwa mill-iskola xjentifika ta' Sheffield f'Yale, fl-1900. ^[6]

Mary Edison mietet fl-eta ta' 29 sena fid-9 ta' Awwissu tal-1884, il-kaw?a prin?ipali tal-mewt tagħha ma ?ietx magħrufa: probabbli hija mietet minħabba tumur f'moħħha jonkella minħabba do?a e??essiva tal-Morfina. F'dawk is-snin, it-tobba kienu jirrikmandaw il-morfina lin-nisa sabiex tittratta il-varjeta ta' kaw?i, u r-ri?erkaturi jemmnu li ftit mis-sintomi tagħha dehru li kienu asso?jati mal-avvelenar tal-morfina. ^[7]

Fl-24 ta' Frar, 1886, fl-eta ta' disa' u tletin sena, Edison i??ewwe? lil Mina Miller, ta' għoxrin sena (1866-1947) f' Akron, Ohio . ^[8] Hija kienet it-tifla tal-inventur Lewis Miller , ko-fondatur tal- Istutizzjoni ta' Chautauqua u benefattur tal-karitajiet metodi?i. Huma nisslu tliet ulied flimkien:

Madeleine Edison (1888?1979), li ??ew?et lil John Eyre Sloane . ^[9]^[10]

Charles Edison (1890?1969), kien il- Gvernatur ta' New Jersey (1941-1944), huwa ħa post missieru fil-kumpanija u fil-laboratorji esperimentali hekk kif miet missieru. ^[11]

Theodore Edison (1898?1992), (MIT Physics 1923), li ?ie kkreditat b'iktar minn 80 patent.

Mina għexet iktar minn Thomas Edison, billi mietet fl-24 ta' Awwissu tal-1947. ^[12]^[13]

Bidu tal-karriera [ immodifika | immodifika s-sors ]

Edison beda l-karriera tiegħu bħala inventur f' Newark, New Jersey , permezz ta' ripetitur awtomatiku u tal-mezzi telegrafi?i mtejba tiegħu, imma dik l-invenzjoni li tagħtu l-iktar ?ieh kienet, mingħajr ebda dubju, il- fonografu , tal-1877. ^[14] Dan is-su??ess tant ma kienx mistenni mill-pubbliku li deher daqs li kieku kienet invenzjoni ma?ika, tal-futur li ?ie qabel il-waqt. Edison ?ie konoxxut bħala "Is-saħħar tal-park ta' Melno", fi New Jersey.

L-ewwel fonografu tiegħu rrikordja fuq il-fojl tal-landa madwar ?ilindu mħaffer, pero l- kwalita tal-ħoss kienet terribbli u r-rikordji setgħu jintlaghbu għal ftit drabi biss. Fl-1860s, mudell irristrutturat bl-u?u ta' ?ilindri tal-karton?in miksijin bix-xemgħa ?ie kkreat minn: Alexander Graham Bell , Chichester Bell u minn Charles Tainter . Din hija waħda mir-ra?unijiet spe?ifi?i li ?egħlet lil Thomas Edison ikompli jaħdem sabiex fl-aħħar mill-aħħar jirnexxilu joħloq ver?joni itjeb tal-fonografu. ^[1]

Referenzi [ immodifika | immodifika s-sors ]

^ ^a ^b "The Wizard of Menlo Park" . The Franklin Institute . Mi?bur 2013-03-24 .
^ Walsh, Bryan (2010-07-05). "The Electrifying Edison" (bl-Ingli?). Time. Arkivjat minn l-ori?inal fl-2013-08-26 . Mi?bur 2013-08-01 .
^ ^a ^b "Con Edison: A Brief History of Con Edison - electricity" (bl-Ingli?). Coned.com. 1998-01-01 . Mi?bur 2012-10-11 .
^ Baldwin 1995, p.60
^ Baldwin 1995, p.67
^ "Older Son To Sue To Void Edison Will; William, Second Child Of The Counsel". New York Times (bl-Ingli?). 1931-10-31. The will of Thomas A. Edison, filed in Newark last Thursday, which leaves the bulk of the inventor's $12 million estate to the sons of his second wife, was attacked as unfair yesterday by William L. Edison, second son of the first wife, who announced at the same time that he would sue to break it.
^ "Thomas Edison's First Wife May Have Died of a Morphine Overdose" (bl-Ingli?). Rutgers Today. 2011-11-18.
^ "Thomas Edison's Children" . IEEE Global History Network . IEEE. 2010-12-16 . Mi?bur 2011-06-30 .
^ "Madeleine Edison a Bride. Inventor's Daughter Married to J. E. Sloan by Mgr. Brann" (bl-Ingli?). New York Times. 1914-06-18.
^ "Mrs. John Eyre Sloane Has a Son at the Harbor Sanitarium Here" (bl-Ingli?). New York Times. 1931-01-10.
^ "Charles Edison, 78, Ex-Governor Of Jersey and U.S. Aide, Is Dead" (bl-Ingli?). New York Times.
^ "Edison's Widow Very III" (bl-Ingli?). New York Times. 1947-08-21.
^ "Rites for Mrs. Edison" (bl-Ingli?). New York Times. 1947-08-21.
^ "The Life of Thomas A. Edison" (bl-Ingli?). The Library of Congress . Mi?bur 2013-02-24 .

Ħoloq esterni [ immodifika | immodifika s-sors ]

Wikimedia Commons għandha fajls multimedjali li għandhom x'jaqsmu ma': Thomas Edison

Fil- Wikikwota hemm kollezzjoni ta' kwotazzjonijiet li għandhom x'jaqsmu ma': Thomas Edison

[Wizard-1] "The Wizard of Menlo Park" . The Franklin Institute . Mi?bur 2013-03-24 .

[Walsh-2] Walsh, Bryan (2010-07-05). "The Electrifying Edison" (bl-Ingli?). Time. Arkivjat minn l-ori?inal fl-2013-08-26 . Mi?bur 2013-08-01 .

[coned1-3] "Con Edison: A Brief History of Con Edison - electricity" (bl-Ingli?). Coned.com. 1998-01-01 . Mi?bur 2012-10-11 .

[4] Baldwin 1995, p.60

[5] Baldwin 1995, p.67

[6] "Older Son To Sue To Void Edison Will; William, Second Child Of The Counsel". New York Times (bl-Ingli?). 1931-10-31. The will of Thomas A. Edison, filed in Newark last Thursday, which leaves the bulk of the inventor's $12 million estate to the sons of his second wife, was attacked as unfair yesterday by William L. Edison, second son of the first wife, who announced at the same time that he would sue to break it.

[Rutgers-7] "Thomas Edison's First Wife May Have Died of a Morphine Overdose" (bl-Ingli?). Rutgers Today. 2011-11-18.

[8] "Thomas Edison's Children" . IEEE Global History Network . IEEE. 2010-12-16 . Mi?bur 2011-06-30 .

[9] "Madeleine Edison a Bride. Inventor's Daughter Married to J. E. Sloan by Mgr. Brann" (bl-Ingli?). New York Times. 1914-06-18.

[10] "Mrs. John Eyre Sloane Has a Son at the Harbor Sanitarium Here" (bl-Ingli?). New York Times. 1931-01-10.

[11] "Charles Edison, 78, Ex-Governor Of Jersey and U.S. Aide, Is Dead" (bl-Ingli?). New York Times.

[12] "Edison's Widow Very III" (bl-Ingli?). New York Times. 1947-08-21.

[13] "Rites for Mrs. Edison" (bl-Ingli?). New York Times. 1947-08-21.

[14] "The Life of Thomas A. Edison" (bl-Ingli?). The Library of Congress . Mi?bur 2013-02-24 .

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]