????? ??????? ????-??????

????? "SI" ???? ????. ?? ?????? ??????? ????, ??? SI (?????????) .

????? ??????? ??????????? (? ?????? : Systeme international d'unites , ??????: SI ) ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ????? ???? ? ??? . ????? ?? ????? SI ? ????? ?????? MKS (?????????????????) ?????????, ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? .

?????? SI ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????. ??? ??????? ????????, ????? ????? ????? ??? ? ??? ; ??? ???? ? ????? , ? ??? ? ??????? . ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????????? , ???? ?????? ????, ???? ?????, ????? ????? ^[1].

??? ? ????? ????? , ?????? (?????) ? ?????? , ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? , ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ? ???? ????? ?????? .

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????????, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? (Bureau international des poids et mesures). ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? 1960 , ??????? ??????? ????? ???? 1971 .

????? ??????? SI ?????? ??7 ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??, SI ?????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ???, ???? ??????.

????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ????????? , ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ^[2], ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????.

?? ??? 2019 ???? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????. ??20 ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????.

???? ?????? ??SI [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? (Pa), ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? . ????? ???, ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ? pascal. ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????, ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????.
??????? ?????? ?????, ??????: 30 ??????? (kg) ??? ????????? (kgs).
???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????, ??????: 45 kg .
??SI ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????, ??????: 234 252 245. ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????, ??? ?????? ????? (????, 245,252,234).
??SI ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ? ??? ?????? . ??????, 45.8. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ?????? ?????? ???????, ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????. ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????.

?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????. ??????? ????? ??????? ?? (??? ????? ????? ? ?????? ) ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? SI. ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??11 ?? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???????.

?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ??????	??? ??????	??? ????	????? ??	?????
?????	s	t	???	????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? 9,192,631,770 ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????133 .
???	m	L	????	??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ? ??? ???? ?? 1 299,792,458 ?????.
???????	kg	m	???	??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ?? ${\tfrac {{299,792,458}^{2}}{6.62607015\cdot {10}^{-34}}}$ ??????? ???? ??? ?? 1 ???.
????	A	I	??? ?????	???? ??? ??? ‎1.602176634×10 ¹⁹‎ ?????? ???? ????? ??????.
??????	K	T	???????? ??????	?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ‎1.380649×10 ^-23‎ ?'?? .
???	mol	n	???? ????	??? ??? ??? ‎6.02214076×10 ²³‎ ??????? ( ???? ??????? ?? ???????).
?????	cd	J	????? ????	????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ???, ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ‎540×10 ¹²‎ ??? ??? ?????? ???? ( luminous efficacy ) ?? 1 683 ??? ? ??????? .

???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????. ??????, ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? .

?????? ??? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????. ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? "?????? ?????? ????? ????".

?? ??????	??? ??????	????? ??	?????
?????	rad	?????	????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ???? ?????.
???????	sr	????? ??????	??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? r ??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??r ².

?????? ??????? ??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ????:

????? ??	?? ??????	??? ??????	??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????
??????	???	Hz	$s^{-1}$
???	??????	N	${\frac {kg\cdot m}{s^{2}}}$
?????? ? ?????	?'??	J	$J={\frac {kg\cdot m^{2}}{s^{2}}}$
????? ???	?????? ???	N?m	$N\cdot m={\frac {kg\cdot m^{2}}{s^{2}}}$
????	???	W	${\frac {J}{s}}={\frac {kg\cdot m^{2}}{s^{3}}}$
???	????	Pa	${\frac {N}{m^{2}}}={\frac {kg}{m\cdot s^{2}}}$
??? ????	????	lm	$cd\cdot sr$
???? ( ??? ?????? ???)	????	lx	${\frac {lm}{m^{2}}}$
???? ?????	?????	C	$A\cdot s$
??? ????? (???? ??????????)	????	V	${\frac {J}{C}}={\frac {kg\cdot m^{2}}{A\cdot s^{3}}}$
??????? ??????	????	Ω	${\frac {V}{A}}={\frac {kg\cdot m^{2}}{A^{2}\cdot s^{3}}}$
????? ?????	?????	F	${\frac {A^{2}\cdot s^{4}}{kg\cdot m^{2}}}$
??? ?????	???	Wb	${\frac {kg\cdot m^{2}}{A\cdot s^{2}}}$
??? ????? (?????? ????? "?????? ??? ?????")	????	T	${\frac {Wb}{m^{2}}}={\frac {kg}{A\cdot s^{2}}}$
??????	????	H	${\frac {kg\cdot m^{2}}{A^{2}\cdot s^{2}}}$
??????? ??????	?????	S	$\Omega ^{-1}={\frac {A^{2}\cdot s^{3}}{kg\cdot m^{2}}}$
?????? ??????? (????????? ??????)	????	Bq	$s^{-1}$
????? ?????? (???? ??????? ?????? ????)	????	Gy	${\frac {J}{kg}}={\frac {m^{2}}{s^{2}}}$
????? ?????? (???? ?????? ?????? ????)	??????	Sv	${\frac {J}{kg}}={\frac {m^{2}}{s^{2}}}$
?????? ???????	??? ^( ??' )	kat	${\frac {mol}{s}}$

?????? ????????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ??SI ???????, ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????:

????? ?????	??? ????? ??	?????? ??	??	?? ?????? ??
????	????	?????? ???????	???	‎10 ^-15‎
	???????	?????? ??????? , ???????????? , ?????		‎10 ^-10‎
	???	???		0.3048
	???? ???	?????		1852
	????? ??????????	??????????		‎1.496×10 ¹¹‎
	??? ???			‎9.44×10 ¹⁵‎
	?????			‎3.08×10 ¹⁶‎
???	????? ??? ??????	?????	???????	‎1.66×10 ^-27‎
	???	????????		‎2×10 ^-4‎
	???			‎10 ^-3‎
	??? ????			‎10 ³‎
???	???		?????	60
	???			3600
	????			86400
???	??		??? ????	100
	????			1000
	?????			10000
???	????		??"?	1000
???	????		??? ?????	‎10 ^-3‎
??????	??????? ???? (??"?)		??? ??????	0.277
??????	??? ???	?????	??? ??????	0.5144
??????	????????????	?????? ???????	?'??	‎1.6×10 ^-19‎
	?????? ????			4.187
	?????? ????? (???????????)			‎4.187×10 ³‎
	???????????			‎3.6×10 ⁶‎
????	??? ???		???	745
???	?????????		????	‎1.013×10 ⁵‎
	?????			‎10 ⁵‎
	??????? ?????			133.289
	PSI	????? ??? ????? ? ????? ??? ???		‎6.894×10 ³‎
?????	???? ???		?????	${\frac {\pi }{180}}$
	??? ???			${\frac {\pi }{10800}}$
	????? ???			${\frac {\pi }{648000}}$

?????? ?? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?? ???? :

????? ?? ????	?? ????	?? ????????	?????	????? ?? ????	?? ????	?? ????????	?????
‎10 ⁰‎‏ = 1	????	tesla	T
‎10 ¹‎	??????	decatesla	daT	‎10 ^-1‎	???????	decitesla	dT
‎10 ²‎	????????	hectotesla	hT	‎10 ^-2‎	????????	centitesla	cT
‎10 ³‎	????????	kilotesla	kT	‎10 ^-3‎	????????	millitesla	mT
‎10 ⁶‎	??????	megatesla	MT	‎10 ^-6‎	?????????	microtesla	μT
‎10 ⁹‎	?'??????	gigatesla	GT	‎10 ^-9‎	???????	nanotesla	nT
‎10 ¹²‎	??????	teratesla	TT	‎10 ^-12‎	????????	picotesla	pT
‎10 ¹⁵‎	???????	petatesla	PT	‎10 ^-15‎	????????	femtotesla	fT
‎10 ¹⁸‎	???????	exatesla	ET	‎10 ^-18‎	???????	attotesla	aT
‎10 ²¹‎	???????	zettatesla	ZT	‎10 ^-21‎	????????	zeptotesla	zT
‎10 ²⁴‎	????????	yottatesla	YT	‎10 ^-24‎	?????????	yoctotesla	yT