틀 : 로마 帝國票

로마 帝國
로마 帝國
라틴語 : Senatus Populusque Romanus ; Imperium Romanum ; 코이네 그리스어 : Βασιλε?α τ?ν ?ωμα?ων
	軍紀 ; 帝國의 亞퀼라 帝國의 亞퀼라
	; 트라야누스 가 死亡한 書記 117年 로마 帝國最大規模封臣 들
	; 都市國家 로마의 負傷에서 서로마 帝國의 沒落까지 로마 領土의 鎭火
수도	로마 ; (紀元前 27年 ~ 書記 330年) ; 콘스탄티노플 ; (330?1453) ;
政治
政治體制	準選擧的專制君主制
皇帝 ; 紀元前 27年 ~ 書記 14年 ; 98年 ~ 117年 ; 117年 ~ 138年 ; 306年 ~ 337年 ; 379年 ~ 395年	; 아우구스투스 (初代) ; 트라야누스 ; 하드리아누스 ; 콘스탄티누스 ; 테오도시우스 (말대)
立法府	帝國元老院
歷史
? 악티움 海戰	紀元前 31年
? 아우구스투스 稱號始作	紀元前 27年
? 5縣制治世	96年 ~ 180年
? 디오클레티아누스 의 帝國分割	285年
? 콘스탄티노폴리스 遷都	330年
? 帝國의 東西方行政分割	395年
? 帝國의 西方領土喪失	476年
? 滅亡	1453年
지리
面積	5,000,000 km 2
人文
公用語	라틴語
데모님	로마인
人口
117年 어림	88,000,000名 ;
人口密度	17.6名/km 2
經濟
通話	콰드란스 ; 歲미스 ; 아시스 ; 퀴나리우스 ; 세스테르티우스 ; 데나리우스 ; 아우레우스 ; 솔리두스
宗敎
宗敎	皇帝崇拜中心의 多神敎中心 ; (380年까지) ; 니케아 基督敎 ; ( 公式上 380年부터) ;

各州 [ 編輯 ]

↑ Morley, Neville (2010). 《The Roman Empire: Roots of Imperialism》. ISBN 978-0-7453-2870-6 . ; Diamond, Jared (2011). 《Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed》 Revis版. 13쪽. ISBN 978-1-101-50200-6 .
↑ Bennett (1997) .
↑ ^가 ^나 《Ancient Rome: The Definitive Visual History》 (英語). Dorling Kindersley Limited. 2023. 276쪽. ISBN 978-0-241-63575-9 .
↑ Classen, Albrecht (2010). 〈The changing shape of Europe〉. 《Handbook of Medieval Studies: Terms ? Methods ? Trends》 (英語). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-021558-8 . Constantine the Great transferred the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to the newly-founded city of Constantinople
↑ Price, Jonathan J.; Finkelberg, Margalit; Shahar, Yuval (2022). 《Rome: An Empire of Many Nations》 (英語). Cambridge University Press. 19쪽. ISBN 978-1-009-25622-3 . the capital of the Empire was transferred from Rome to Constantinople in the fourth century
↑ Erdkamp, Paul (2013). 《The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rome》 (英語). Cambridge University Press. 202쪽. ISBN 978-0-521-89629-0 . Constantine sounded the death knell for Rome as a vital political centre with the dedication of his new imperial capital at Constantinople
↑ Bjornlie, M. Shane (2013). 《Politics and Tradition Between Rome, Ravenna and Constantinople: A Study of Cassiodorus and the Variae, 527–554》 (英語). Cambridge University Press. 41쪽. ISBN 978-1-107-02840-1 . As a new capital, Constantinople provided a stage for imperial prestige that did not depend on association with the traditions of the senatorial establishment at Rome
↑ Coffler, Gail H. (2004). 《Melville's Allusions to Religion: A Comprehensive Index and Glossary: A Comprehensive Index and Glossary》 (英語). ABC-CLIO. 181쪽. ISBN 978-0-313-07270-3 . It became Constantinople, capital of the entire Roman Empire
↑ Maxwell, Kathleen (2016). 〈Art and Diplomacy in Late Thirteenth-century Constantinople: Paris 54 and the Union of Churches〉. 《Between Constantinople and Rome: An Illuminated Byzantine Gospel Book (Paris gr. 54) and the Union of Churches》 (英語). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-95584-3 . Constantine the Great, the emperor who moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople
↑ Grig, Lucy; Kelly, Gavin (2012). 《Two Romes: Rome and Constantinople in Late Antiquity》 (英語). Oxford University Press. 237쪽. ISBN 978-0-19-992118-8 .
↑ Loewenstein, K. (2012). 《The Governance of ROME》 (英語). Springer. 443쪽. ISBN 978-94-010-2400-6 .
↑ Harris, Jonathan (2009). 《Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium》 (英語). A&C Black. 31쪽. ISBN 978-0-8264-3086-1 .
↑ Treadgold (1997) , 734쪽.
↑ Tricht, Filip Van (2011). 《The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204?1228)》 (英語). Brill. 61?82쪽. ISBN 978-9004203235 .

↑ 認容誤謬: <ref> 태그가 잘못되었습니다; fnother라는 이름을 가진 註釋에 텍스트가 없습니다
↑ Fig. 1. Regions east of the Euphrates river were held only in the years 116?117.
↑ In 286, Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into two administrative units? East and West ?an arrangement that periodically returned until the two halves were permanently divided in 395. ^[3] Although the halves were independent in practice, the Romans continued to consider the Roman Empire to be a single undivided state with two co-equal emperors until the fall of the western half in 476/480. ^[3] Although emperors at times governed from other cities (notably Mediolanum and Ravenna in the West and Nicomedia in the East), Rome remained the de jure capital of the entire Roman Empire until Emperor Constantine I transferred the capital to Constantinople ("New Rome") in 330, henceforth the new capital of the entire empire. ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] For a time, mostly over the course of the later decades of the fourth century, Rome continued to hold greater symbolic status on account of its greater antiquity as imperial capital. ^[10] From at least 361 onwards, senators belonging to the new senate in Constantinople enjoyed the same status and privileges as senators of the Roman Senate , to which the new senate was largely identical. ^[11] By 450, Constantinople was much grander in size and adornment than Rome and unquestionably senior in status. ^[12]
↑ In 1204, the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade captured Constantinople and established the Latin Empire . The city remained under foreign rule until 1261, when it was captured by the Empire of Nicaea (a Byzantine/Roman successor state). Nicaea is usually considered the "legitimate" continuation of the Roman Empire during the "interregnum" 1204?1261 (over its rivals in Trebizond and Thessalonica ) since it managed to retake Constantinople. ^[13] Whether there was an interregnum at all is debatable given that the crusaders envisioned the Latin Empire to be the same empire as its predecessor (and not a new state). ^[14]

[2] Morley, Neville (2010). 《The Roman Empire: Roots of Imperialism》. ISBN 978-0-7453-2870-6 . ; Diamond, Jared (2011). 《Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed》 Revis版. 13쪽. ISBN 978-1-101-50200-6 .

[FOOTNOTEBennett1997-3] Bennett (1997) .

[:1-5] 가 ^나 《Ancient Rome: The Definitive Visual History》 (英語). Dorling Kindersley Limited. 2023. 276쪽. ISBN 978-0-241-63575-9 .

[6] Classen, Albrecht (2010). 〈The changing shape of Europe〉. 《Handbook of Medieval Studies: Terms ? Methods ? Trends》 (英語). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-021558-8 . Constantine the Great transferred the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to the newly-founded city of Constantinople

[7] Price, Jonathan J.; Finkelberg, Margalit; Shahar, Yuval (2022). 《Rome: An Empire of Many Nations》 (英語). Cambridge University Press. 19쪽. ISBN 978-1-009-25622-3 . the capital of the Empire was transferred from Rome to Constantinople in the fourth century

[8] Erdkamp, Paul (2013). 《The Cambridge Companion to Ancient Rome》 (英語). Cambridge University Press. 202쪽. ISBN 978-0-521-89629-0 . Constantine sounded the death knell for Rome as a vital political centre with the dedication of his new imperial capital at Constantinople

[9] Bjornlie, M. Shane (2013). 《Politics and Tradition Between Rome, Ravenna and Constantinople: A Study of Cassiodorus and the Variae, 527–554》 (英語). Cambridge University Press. 41쪽. ISBN 978-1-107-02840-1 . As a new capital, Constantinople provided a stage for imperial prestige that did not depend on association with the traditions of the senatorial establishment at Rome

[10] Coffler, Gail H. (2004). 《Melville's Allusions to Religion: A Comprehensive Index and Glossary: A Comprehensive Index and Glossary》 (英語). ABC-CLIO. 181쪽. ISBN 978-0-313-07270-3 . It became Constantinople, capital of the entire Roman Empire

[11] Maxwell, Kathleen (2016). 〈Art and Diplomacy in Late Thirteenth-century Constantinople: Paris 54 and the Union of Churches〉. 《Between Constantinople and Rome: An Illuminated Byzantine Gospel Book (Paris gr. 54) and the Union of Churches》 (英語). Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-95584-3 . Constantine the Great, the emperor who moved the capital of the Roman Empire from Rome to Constantinople

[12] Grig, Lucy; Kelly, Gavin (2012). 《Two Romes: Rome and Constantinople in Late Antiquity》 (英語). Oxford University Press. 237쪽. ISBN 978-0-19-992118-8 .

[13] Loewenstein, K. (2012). 《The Governance of ROME》 (英語). Springer. 443쪽. ISBN 978-94-010-2400-6 .

[14] Harris, Jonathan (2009). 《Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium》 (英語). A&C Black. 31쪽. ISBN 978-0-8264-3086-1 .

[FOOTNOTETreadgold1997734-16] Treadgold (1997) , 734쪽.

[:0-17] Tricht, Filip Van (2011). 《The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204?1228)》 (英語). Brill. 61?82쪽. ISBN 978-9004203235 .

[fnother-1] 認容誤謬: <ref> 태그가 잘못되었습니다; fnother라는 이름을 가진 註釋에 텍스트가 없습니다

[4] Fig. 1. Regions east of the Euphrates river were held only in the years 116?117.

[15] In 286, Emperor Diocletian divided the Roman Empire into two administrative units? East and West ?an arrangement that periodically returned until the two halves were permanently divided in 395. ^[3] Although the halves were independent in practice, the Romans continued to consider the Roman Empire to be a single undivided state with two co-equal emperors until the fall of the western half in 476/480. ^[3] Although emperors at times governed from other cities (notably Mediolanum and Ravenna in the West and Nicomedia in the East), Rome remained the de jure capital of the entire Roman Empire until Emperor Constantine I transferred the capital to Constantinople ("New Rome") in 330, henceforth the new capital of the entire empire. ^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] For a time, mostly over the course of the later decades of the fourth century, Rome continued to hold greater symbolic status on account of its greater antiquity as imperial capital. ^[10] From at least 361 onwards, senators belonging to the new senate in Constantinople enjoyed the same status and privileges as senators of the Roman Senate , to which the new senate was largely identical. ^[11] By 450, Constantinople was much grander in size and adornment than Rome and unquestionably senior in status. ^[12]

[18] In 1204, the crusaders of the Fourth Crusade captured Constantinople and established the Latin Empire . The city remained under foreign rule until 1261, when it was captured by the Empire of Nicaea (a Byzantine/Roman successor state). Nicaea is usually considered the "legitimate" continuation of the Roman Empire during the "interregnum" 1204?1261 (over its rivals in Trebizond and Thessalonica ) since it managed to retake Constantinople. ^[13] Whether there was an interregnum at all is debatable given that the crusaders envisioned the Latin Empire to be the same empire as its predecessor (and not a new state). ^[14]

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