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A dishailth is a pairteecular abnormal, pathological condeetion that affects pairt or aw o an organism . The study o disease is cried pathology which includes the causal study o etiology . Disease is eften construed as a medical condeetion associatit wi speceefic symptoms an signs . ^[1] It mey be caused bi freemit factors such as pathogens , or it mey be caused bi internal dysfunctions pairticularly o the immune system such as an immunodeficiency , or a hypersensitivity includin allergies an autoimmunity .

When caused bi pathogens (i.e. Plasmodium ssp. in malaria), even in the scienteefic leeteratur, the term disease is eften misleadinly uised in the place o its causal augent, viz . the pathogen. This leid habitat can cause confuision in the communication o the cause-effect principle in epidemiology, an as such it shoud be strangly discouraged. ^[2]

In humans, disease is eften uised mair broadly tae refer tae ony condeetion that causes pyne , dysfunction , distress , social problems , or daith tae the person afflictit, or seemilar problems for thae in contact wi the person. In this broader sense, it whiles includes injuries , disabeelities , disorders , syndromes , infections , isolatit symptoms , deviant behaviours , an atypical variations o structur an function, while in ither contexts an for ither purposes thir mey be conseedered distinguishable categories.

Daith due tae disease is cried daith bi naitural causes . Thare are fower main types o disease: infectious diseases , deficiency diseases, genetic diseases (baith hereditary an non-hereditary), an physiological diseases. Diseases can an aa be clessified as communicable an non-communicable . The deidliest diseases in humans are coronary artery disease (bluid flow obstruction), follaed bi cerebrovascular disease an lawer respiratory infections . ^[3]

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