????? ?????

????? ?????????
Gustave Flaubert
????	12 ?????? 1821 ; ???? , ????
?????	8 ???? 1880 (???? 58) ; ??????, ????
?????	????
???? ?????	Cimetiere monumental de Rouen
???? ???????	International lycee Francois-Ier , ??????? ??????? ???? , ????? ????-??????
???? ??????	??????
??? ??????	????? ?????????
?????? ??????	????? ?????? , The Temptation of Saint Anthony , Three Tales , Dictionary of Received Ideas , Sentimental Education , ????? , ????? ????? , ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????
?? ?? ?? ???	????? ????
????? ??????	???? ?????? ????? ( 15 ??????? 1866 )
?????

????? ????????? (? ?????? : Gustave Flaubert ‏; 12 ?????? 1821 ? 8 ???? 1880 ) ??? ???? ????? .

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? , ??? ???? ???? ???? (???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????). ??? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????. ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ^[1].

???? 1840 ??? ? ???? ????? ?????? . ?-1840 ???? ? ??????? ?? ??????? . ?- 1846 , ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????? (Croisset), ??-?? ????. ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ????? 1846? 1854 ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? , ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ^[2]. ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ( Maxime Du Camp ) ? ????? ?-1846 ?????? ( ????? , ??? ????? , ????? , ?????? , ???? ? ?????? ) ?- 1849 ? 1851 .

? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????, ????? ????? ^[3]. ?? ???? ?????? ?- 1850 ??? ????? ?? " ????? ????? ". ????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????. ?-1857 ????? "????? ??????", ??????, ?"????? ?? ?????". ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ???? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ????, ????? ??? ????????.

?- 1858 ??? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???????? "?????", ???? ???? ?? ?- 1862 . ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?-3 ????"?. ????? 1862? 1869 ??? ?? " ?????? ?????????? ". ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ^[4].

???? 1870 ??? ????? ? ???? ?????. ?- 1872 ??? ???? ???, ????????? ??????? ??????. ????????, ????? ?????????, ???? ????. ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?'???' ???? , ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??, ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ? ?????? ???? , ???????? , ?'?? ? ????? ?? ?????? , ? ???? ???? . ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????: "????? ??? ??????, ??? ??? ?????????, ???????? ??? ????, ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??????. ????? ????? ????, ????, ????, ????, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????" ^[4].

?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????; ??????? ???? ??? ???: "????????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ???, ???, ????? ????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????. ???? ??? ??? ????, ??? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ???".

??? ????? ?? " ?????? ?? ???????? ????? " ?- 1874 . ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ???, "??????". ?- 1877 ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????, "?? ????", "???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????" ?"???????". ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ?? ?????, ?? ???? ????, ???? 1881, ?????? ?????? ??? "??????? ??????".

????? ?? ??????? ?- 1880 , ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ??? ??? ?????? ?????, ?????? ???????? ?????. ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???-???????? , ???? ????? ?? ? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ???? , ?? ???? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?????? ^[5] ?? ?? ???????? ??? ^[3].

????? ??? ????-?????? ^[6], ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????, ?? ???????, ?? ???? ???????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? , ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ????, ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???. ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ??? ????? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ???????? ? ??????? , ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????.

??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?????. ??? ??? ??????? ??????, ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???, ????? ???? ????? ??? ????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????; ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???. ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????.

?????? ?? "????? ?????" ?- 1857 ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????; ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????. ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????????. ????, ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? , ?????? ???? ?????. ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????????, ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????, ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????, ???? ?????? ??????. ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????, ?????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ?? ??????.

???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?-1846: "????? ????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. ?? ?? ??????? ????, ???? ???? ?????". ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????: "Madame Bovary, c'est moi" (????? ????? ??? ???) ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????, ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ^[7].

?????? ?? ????? (8 ?????, 1885 ) ?????? ????? ??? ????????, ?????, ???? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ??? ?????, ?"?????" ?"?????? ?? ?????". ?????? ???? (10 ?????) ???? ???? ??? ????? 1873 ? 1885. ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?'???' ??? ?????? ?- 1884 , ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? . ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ????????? ????.

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????????, ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????????. ^[4] ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????. ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????. ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????????, ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? 19. "??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???????, ?? ????, ?? ??????, ???? ????, ?????? ?????, ??????? ??????, ???? ????, ??? ???????, ????? ?????; ??? ???? ?????, ???? ?????. ?? ????? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ??????, ?? ????" ^[8].

?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????????. ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????: "??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????. ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????, ??? ????? [...]. ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????, ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????".

???? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? , ???? ????? ??? , ?? ???? , ?? ????, 1997
?????? ?????????? , ????? ??? ????, ???? ???? ???? , ?????? ?????? , ?? ????, 1961
- ?????? ?????????? , ???? ??? ??? , ?????? ????? , ????? ?????? ??????, 2023 ^[9]
????? ?????? , ????? ????? ????? , ?????? ?????, ???? ???? ????? / ?????? ??????, 1991
- ????? ?????? , ????? ????? ????? , ????? ????? , 1932
????? , ???? ???? ????? , ???????: ????? ???????, ?? ????, ????? ????? , 1986
- ????? , ???? ???? ????? , ????? ?????, 1922
?????? ?????? ???? , ???? ???? ???? , ?? ????, ????? ??????, 1999
?????? , ???? ???? ???? , ?????? ????? , 2006
??????? ???????:
- ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???????; ?? ???? , ???? ???? ????????, ?????? ????? , ???? ??????? ? ?????? ???? , 1967
- ????????? ?? ????? ; ???????? ?? ?????? ????? , ???? ??? ?? , ????? ???? , ???????, 2001
- ????? ??????? , ????? ????? ????? , ?? ????, ?? ????, 1992
  - ????? ??????? , ???? ???? ???????? , ????? ???? , ???????, 1928
- ????? ???? , ????? ????? ??? -????, ????? ??? ????? , 2016

??? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????-???? - ?.?.?. ????? , ??????? ????? , "????? ?????" ^[10], ???? ?????? , ???? ???? ???????? , ???? ?'???? , ????? : ???? ?????? , ????? ????? , ????? ???? , ????? ?? ???? , (????? ????), 2006.

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? , ????? . ???????: ???? ????????? . ???????: ????? ???? , ???"? 1996.
????? ???? ????? , ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? , ???? ?????? ?? ????? , ?????? ???? ???"? , ?????? 1972.
????? ???? ???? ???? , ??? ??? ?? ????, ????? 77 , ?????? 349, ??????-?????? 2010.
????? ????? ? ????? ?????? (???????: ????? ??? ), ??? - ??? ?? ?????? ???? , ??? ?', 2016.
????? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???????? (???????: ????? ???-????), ??? - ??? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ?', 2018.

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ?? ????? ???? ?" ?????? ??????? "
?????? ??????? ????? ?"?????? ???????"
??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????
????? ????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
???? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? (???????)
????? ????? , ???? " Find a Grave " (???????)
????? ????? (1821-1880) , ?? ??? ? ?????? ???????

????? ????? , ???? ??????? Goodreads

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ????? ?????, ?????? , ???, ??? ????? ???????: ???? ???? , ?????? ??????? , 2006
^ ???? ????? , ?????: ???? ????????? , ????? , ???? , 1996
^ ¹ ² ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, "??????? ?? ????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??????". ????? ???? ??? , 2013 ??' 282?284
^ ¹ ² ³ ????? ?????, ?????? ; ???, ??? ????? ???????: ???? ???? , ?????? ??????? , 2006
^ Laurence M. Porter. ( 2001 ). A Gustave Flaubert Encyclopedia . Greenwood. p.104. ISBN 978-0313307447
^ ?????: The idea of bringing someone into the world fills me with horror. I would curse myself if I were a father. A son of mine! Oh no, no, no! May my entire flesh perish and may I transmit to no one the aggravations and the disgrace of existence.
^ Pierre Assouline (25 October 2009). " Madame Bovary, c'est qui ?". La Republique des Livres . Archived from the original on 28 October 2009
^ ????? ?????, ??????... ??? ????
^ ???? ????? , ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? , ???? ???? , 8 ??????? 2023
^ ???? :"?? ????"

[1] ????? ?????, ?????? , ???, ??? ????? ???????: ???? ???? , ?????? ??????? , 2006

[2] ???? ????? , ?????: ???? ????????? , ????? , ???? , 1996

[סינדרום-3] ¹ ² ?????? ?????? ???? ?????, "??????? ?? ????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??????". ????? ???? ??? , 2013 ??' 282?284

[:0-4] ¹ ² ³ ????? ?????, ?????? ; ???, ??? ????? ???????: ???? ???? , ?????? ??????? , 2006

[5] Laurence M. Porter. ( 2001 ). A Gustave Flaubert Encyclopedia . Greenwood. p.104. ISBN 978-0313307447

[6] ?????: The idea of bringing someone into the world fills me with horror. I would curse myself if I were a father. A son of mine! Oh no, no, no! May my entire flesh perish and may I transmit to no one the aggravations and the disgrace of existence.

[7] Pierre Assouline (25 October 2009). " Madame Bovary, c'est qui ?". La Republique des Livres . Archived from the original on 28 October 2009

[8] ????? ?????, ??????... ??? ????

[9] ???? ????? , ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? , ???? ???? , 8 ??????? 2023

[10] ???? :"?? ????"

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]