???????
 |
| ????????? ???????????? ????? ????
| Unix-like
|
|---|
| Working state
| Current
|
|---|
| Source model
| ????? ????????
|
|---|
| ?????? ??????
| IA-32
,
MIPS
,
x86-64
,
SPARC
,
DEC Alpha
,
Itanium
,
PowerPC
,
ARM
,
m68k
,
PA-RISC
,
s390
,
SuperH
,
M32R
and more
|
|---|
| ???????
??????
| Monolithic
|
|---|
| Userland
| GNU
and others.
|
|---|
| ???????
| Various including
GNU General Public License
,
BSD License
,
Apache License
, and others
[?]
|
|---|
????? - ??????? ? ??????????
ubuntu
???????
????????
?
???????????? ????
(Operating System) ???? ??? ??????? (Kernel). ??? ????? ????????, ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????.
??????? ??????? ????? ??????? '???????'????? ????????? ???????????????. ???? ??????????? ??????? '???????'????? ???????? ???????? ???? (????/??????? ???? ??????) ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????. ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ???????????????????? ???????????. ?????? ????, ???????????, ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ?????.
????? ?????? 386 ??????????????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????????????? ???? ?????????. ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? (Super Computer = ???????????? ??? ?????) ??? ????? ?????????????. ???????, ?????? ???? ???, ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????????? (Embedded) ?????????? ?????????????????.
????? ??????, ???????????? ??????? ?????????????????, ????????? ???????, ????????? ??? ???????? ?.??.???, ???????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ?????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????. ???? ???????????, ???? ???? ?????????? ? ???????? '???????'? ???????????, ????????? ?????, ??????, ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???????????????????.
??????? ??????
[
????????
]
?????????
????????
?
????? ????????????
??? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????????. ???? ???????????????
????????
???????????? ????
??(OS) ????? ?????????? ????????????, ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????????????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????????????.
??????? ? ??????? ?????????? ??? '????? ????????' ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????. ???? ???? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????????
????????
?????(Internet) ????????? ?????????? . ????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????????. ?????? ? ???????? ????????, ?????????? ?????????, ??????????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ???????? ???????????????.
???????? ???????
??????? ?????????
???????????? ????? ???? ???????
??????? ?????????
[
????????
]
?????? ??????? ???????????? (linux distributions (distros)) ???????? ??????? ????????. ????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ???? ?????????, ????? ????????????? ??????????? .
????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ??????????. ? ??????? ?????, ????????, ???????????, ??????? ??????????, ???? ????????.
????? ??????? ????????????. ??? ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????
?????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?
?????????? (??????????? + ????????) ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??????.
???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????, ???? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????.
???? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??? ???????? ???????????.
??????
, ??????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????. ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ???, ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????????????.
??????? ????????
????????
????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ??????. "????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????" ????????? ??????????????? ? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????????????? ????????????????.
???? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????.
????? ??????? ????? ????????????????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????????? ????? ???????? ??????????.
?????????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????????? . ???????? ???????????? ??????????????????????? ? ?????????? ??????? applications?? ???? download ????? ????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????.
?????????? ??? ??????????????? ?????? ???????? (UNIX)????? ?????????. ?????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ?????? ?????????????????.
???? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????(??????)????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????????????????. ???????? OS????? ???? ? ? ?????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????????????? ????????????.
????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????? OS ????? ????? ????? ????????? . ??? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????????????. ???????? ???????? ????? ????, ??????????, ?????????????.
?????? ??.??.? ?????????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ??? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????????? .
A summarized history of
Unix-like
operating systems showing Linux's origins. Note that despite similar architectural designs and concepts being shared as part of the
POSIX
standard, Linux does not share any non-free source code with the original
Unix
or
Minix
.