???????

????????? ???? ???????? ???
??????? ???????????? ???
?? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????-???? ???????? ? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??????
???????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???  ( ???? ????????? ???? )? ????? ?'?? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ????, ??? ??? ????


???????
টাক্স নামৰ পেঙগুইন, লীনাক্সৰ মাচকট
???????? / ?????? ?????
????????? ??? ???? ???????
OS ??????? ???????? ???
?????????? ???????
??? ???? ??????????? ??? ????? ??? ???????
?????????? ?????? ????
????? ?????? ????????? ?????????, ???????? ?????????, ?????????? ?????????, ???????
?????? ????????? ???? ???????
?????? ??????????? ???? ?????
??????? ????????? DEC Alpha, ARM, AVR32, Blackfin, ETRAX CRIS, FR-V, H8/300, Itanium, M32R, m68k, Microblaze, MIPS, MN103, OpenRISC, PA-RISC, PowerPC, s390, S+core, SuperH, SPARC, TILE64, Unicore32, x86, Xtensa
??????? ? ?????? ????????
?????????? ???????
????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????
???????-???? ????? [1] ( ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ????????? [2] ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????????)

??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ; ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????

?????? ??? ?????? [ ???????? ??? ]

?'????? (POSIX) ?????? ????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? SYSV ??? BSD???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? (UNIX) ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????

???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????????? ????: ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? -?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?'??? ?'? ???????? ? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?? ?? ?? ????????????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????'? ???? ??, ??? ??? ?' ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????????????? ???? ?????

??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????-? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????-? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? (FSF) ???? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?? ?? (GNU) ????????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????-????????? ??-??-??/??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????

GNU/Linux Distro Timeline , timeline representing the development of various Linux distributions.

???????? ??????????????? ?? ????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ?? ??/??????, ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????????, ??????????, ???? ???? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????, ?????????? ???????, ????? , ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ??? ????-???????? ?????????

?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?'??

???????? , ???????? ?? ???????? ???????????????

??????? ?????? ??????????????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??????? ??????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????, ??? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?'??

  • ??????????? (Archlinux): ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????
  • ??????'?? (CentOS): ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????????? ?? ???????-?? ???????? ????
  • ???????? (Debian): ? “??????????? ??????? ????”-? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????
  • ???'?? (Fedora): ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? (????????? ??????)
  • ??????/?????? (Gentoo): ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?'??? ?'? ?????'? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????
  • ?????? ???? ??-?? (Knoppix Live CD): ????? ??-??-? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???????-?? ??? ???? ??? ?????
  • ????????? (Mandriva): ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????????
  • ??????????? ??????? (MontaVista Software): ????????? ?? “??????? ???????? ??????”-? ??????? ???? ??? ?????
  • ??????/?????? ???????????? ??????? (Red Hat): ??? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????
  • ????????? (Slackware): ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????
  • ???????? (Ubuntu) ??? ????????? : ????????? ????????? ???? ?????????-? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????

???????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????'? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????

components of a Linux distribution

?????????? ?? ???????????? ??????????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

?????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ???-?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? (customize) ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ????-???????? ???? ?????

  • ?????? ????????????
  • ???? (SUSE) ????????????

?'?????? ?? ???? ???? [ ???????? ??? ]

????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?'????? ???? ?????

???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ????:

  • ??????? ??? ?????? ????????
  • ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????
  • ??????????? ???????

??????? ??? ?????? ???????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??????? ??????? ??'?????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????-?????-?? ??? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ????

???? ???? ???? ? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ?????, ??????? ??? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?'? ???? ?'? ???? ??????? ????? ??? - ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ???,???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?'? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?'? ??? ?? ????? ????????????????? ???????-?? ????????, ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?'? ???? ???????? ?????? ?'? ?? ???'? ????

????????? ??? ??????? ??????? [ ???????? ??? ]

????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????-?? ??????: ?? ?? ??-? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? (??, ??????? ???????), ?????, ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???????-? (???????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?????) ????? ??? ????

???????? ???????-?? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? (?????'?-?? ?? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????) ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????

??????????? ??????? [ ???????? ??? ]

???????? ???????? ?????? ???????-?? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ???? ???????-?? ????????????? ???? ???????????, ??????????? ?? ??-??-?? ?? ???? ????????????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ?'??

  • ????-????-???-????? (Xfree86): ????????? ????? ????????? ?? ??-??-?? (GUI). ???????-?? ????????-? ??????? ????????
  • ????? ????? (bash shell): ???????? ???????(text) ??????? ????????????? (command interpreter)
  • ??-?'?, ??-??-? (Gnome, KDE): ???????-?? ????????? ???????? ?????' ??????? ? ?? ???????-?? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ?????'?? ???????? ???? * ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????
  • ??-??-?? ??/??++ (GNU C/C++) ??? ???????? ??????????? ????????: ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ????

???????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ???? [ ???????? ??? ]

???????? ??????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??????? [ ???????? ??? ]

?????????, ????? ??????? [ ???????? ??? ]

??????? ???? ??????????? ?????'? ?????? [ ???????? ??? ]

????????? [ ???????? ??? ]

  1. ↑ "Debian GNU/Linux Licenses ? Ohloh" . ohloh.net. Archived from the original on 2012-06-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120607025233/https://www.ohloh.net/p/debian/analyses/latest ? ???? ??? ????: 2009-03-27 .  
  2. ↑ "U.S. Reg No: 1916230" . United States Patent and Trademark Office . http://assignments.uspto.gov/assignments/q?db=tm&rno=1916230 ? ???? ??? ????: 2006-04-01 .  


???   ?   ?   ?   ?

????:Unix-like ????:FOSS ????:Operating system ????:Linux distributions ????:GNU

" https://as.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=???????&oldid=382865 "? ??? ??? ????