??????

???????????, ????? ???????? ????
??? ??????? ????, ??????? ??????? ?????

?????? ?? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? [?] ???????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???????? (?? ????? ) ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? [?] ???? ?????, ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ???? ????? , ????? ?????, ?????? , ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????

?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? , ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??????????, ?????, ???, ????????, ????????? ??????? ? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ?????, ????? ????, ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ??????

??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ????, ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ????, ??? ???? ?????? ???, ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???-??? ?? ???? ????, ???? ??? ???? ??????; ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ? ????????????? ?

????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????-????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????????? ??? ??????

??????? [ ???????? ]

????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????
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??????????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

Symbols of death in a painting: it shows a flower, a skull and an hourglass
????? ?? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???? ???, ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???? , ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????

??????? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? [?] ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ? ????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????

???????? ?????????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???, ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????, ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????????????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? [?] ??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???? ? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????? ????, ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ????

???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ????, ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???, ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? (????, ?????? ??????)? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ???? ??????????? ? ??????? ????????, ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? [?]

????? [ ???????? ]

???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ???:

??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???:

  • ??????? ??????, ???????? ?? ??????? ??-??? ?????? ???
  • ???? ??????, ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???
  • ???? ??????, ????? ???? ????????????? ???? ???? ???? (??????? ?????? ) ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????
  • ???? ??????, ?????? ????? (?????????) ???? ?????? ???????
  • ??????????????, ????? ????? ?????
  • ???, ???????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????????, ???? ?????????, ????????? ???? ??????
  • ??????????, ????? ???????, ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????, ???? ?????? ????
  • ??????? , ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????

???? [ ???????? ]

???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ???? ??????? ??????, ?? ???? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????

??? ??????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????

??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ?????, ?? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???, [?] ??? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? [?] ???? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?,??? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ???????, ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ??? ?????????? ? [?]

???????? [ ???????? ]

?????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?'? ???????????????? ( ?????? ??? ??????? ), ????????? ??? ??????? ??? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????, ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?'? ????? ????????, [?] ??? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????????? ????????? , ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???,??? ????? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????-????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????????, ?? ?????? ??% ?? ????????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????, ????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????

???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????????? [?]

?????????? ????????? , ??????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? , ???? ???????????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?.? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? [?] ??????????? ???????? ?????? ???-??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? [??] ????????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??-??? ???????? ??????? ???? [??] [??]

??? ???????? ( ????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????, ???? - ????? ????) ??? , ???? ???? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ??% ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????????????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????

????? ????????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? [?]

????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? [??]

?? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???????

???? ????, ??????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???, ????? ????? ????????, ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????????? [??] ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????-????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????????, ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? [??]

?????????? [ ???????? ]

A painting of an autopsy, by Rembrandt, entitled "The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp"
??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? , ????????????

?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ??? ????

??????????? [ ???????? ]

????? ?'? ????-???????? ???????????

??????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????????????? ????? ??????, ?? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???????????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? , ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ????????

???????? [ ???????? ]

Painting of a dodo
???? ???? , ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? [??]

???????? ?'? ???? ??????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????, ??? ???????????? ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? (???? ?????? ? ???????????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????)? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????, ?? ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ???, ?????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? "??????? ?????????" ??? (??????? ??????? ???????)? ??????? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? - ??? ??????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???

??????? ??????????? [ ???????? ]

????????? [ ???????? ]

????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????? "????" ???????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????????????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ??, ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? [??]

???????? ???? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? [??]

??????????? [ ???????? ]

???? ????????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ???? ??????; ??????? ??? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????; ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ?????? ?? ?????????? (?????? ??????) ?? ?????????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???, ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????

?????????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????

?????????? ???????, ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???-?????? ( ????? ?? ??????) ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ???, ??? ??? ?? ?????? (????) ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ( ?????) ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ?????(??? ??????) ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ????? [??] [??] [??] [??]

??????? ????????? ??????????? ??? (?????? ??????????) ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? [??] ???? ??????????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??, ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? (???? ??????) ???? ??????? [??]

????? [ ???????? ]

?????? ???? ????????, ??????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????, ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????, ?????? ??-???, ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????

???????? [ ???????? ]

??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????????? ????????

????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ????? [??]

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. "Definition of death | Dictionary.com" ? www.dictionary.com (?????? ??????) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  2. http://www.dictionary.com/browse/death?s=t
  3. Samir Hossain Mohammad; Gilbert Peter (????)? "Concepts of Death: A key to our adjustment"?  
  4. "Crossing Over: How Science Is Redefining Life and Death" ? Magazine (?????? ??????)? ????-??-?? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  5. ???????, ?????; ?????????, ??????? (????)? Celebrations of Death: The Anthropology of Mortuary Ritual ? ?????????? ??????  
  6. ? ? ? Bondeson 2001
  7. Aubrey D.N.J, de Grey (????)? "Life Span Extension Research and Public Debate: Societal Considerations" (??????) ? ????? : 10.2202/1941-6008.1011 ? ???? ??????X   10.1.1.395.745 অবাধে প্রবেশযোগ্য? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? (??????) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?  
  8. ? ? "WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, 2008" (??????) ? WHO ? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ? lay summary (? ??????????? ????)?  
  9. "Tuberculosis Fact sheet N°104 ? Global and regional incidence" ? WHO ? ????? ???? ? ???????? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?  
  10. Chris Thomas, Global Health/Health Infectious Diseases and Nutrition (? ??? ????)? "USAID's Malaria Programs" ? Usaid.gov? ?? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?  
  11. "Aids could kill 90 million Africans, says UN" ? The Guardian ? London? ? ????? ???? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?  
  12. Terry Leonard (? ??? ????)? "AIDS Toll May Reach 100 Million in Africa" ? The Washington Post ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?  
  13. Olshansky, S. Jay; Perry, Daniel (????)? "Longevity dividend: What should we be doing to prepare for the unprecedented aging of humanity?": 28?36?  
  14. Steven Reinberg (?????????? ??, ????)? "Suicide now kills more Americans than car crashes: study" ? Medical Express ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?  
  15. "The top 10 causes of death" ? WHO ? ????? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?  
  16. Diamond, Jared M. (????)? "Up to the Starting Line"? Guns, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies (illustrated, reprint ???????)? W.W. Norton ? ??????  43?44 ? ????????   978-0-393-31755-8 ?   ????? ??????????? |???????-?????= ??????? ??? ?????? ( ??????? )
  17. ? ? Encyclopedia of Buddhism ?  
  18. "Bhagavad-g?t? As It Is 2.13" ? Bhaktivedanta Vedabase ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ? As the embodied soul continuously passes, in this body, from boyhood to youth to old age, the soul similarly passes into another body at death. A sober person is not bewildered by such a change.  
  19. "Bhagavad-g?t? As It Is 2.20" ? Bhaktivedanta Vedabase ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ? For the soul there is neither birth nor death at any time. He has not come into being, does not come into being, and will not come into being. He is unborn, eternal, ever-existing and primeval. He is not slain when the body is slain.  
  20. "Bhagavad-g?t? As It Is 8.3" ? Bhaktivedanta Vedabase ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ? The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: The indestructible, transcendental living entity is called Brahman, and his eternal nature is called adhy?tma, the self. Action pertaining to the development of the material bodies of the living entities is called karma, or fruitive activities.  
  21. "Bhagavad-g?t? As It Is 8.6" ? Bhaktivedanta Vedabase ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ? Whatever state of being one remembers when he quits his body, O son of Kunt?, that state he will attain without fail.  
  22. "?r?mad-Bh?gavatam (Bh?gavata Pur??a) 5.8.27" ? Bhaktivedanta Vedabase ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ? At the time of death, the King saw that the deer was sitting by his side, exactly like his own son, and was lamenting his death. Actually the mind of the King was absorbed in the body of the deer, and consequently ? like those bereft of K???a consciousness ? he left the world, the deer, and his material body and acquired the body of a deer. However, there was one advantage. Although he lost his human body and received the body of a deer, he did not forget the incidents of his past life.  
  23. "?r?mad-Bh?gavatam (Bh?gavata Pur??a) 11.22.39" ? Bhaktivedanta Vedabase ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ? When the living entity passes from the present body to the next body, which is created by his own karma, he becomes absorbed in the pleasurable and painful sensations of the new body and completely forgets the experience of the previous body. This total forgetfulness of one's previous material identity, which comes about for one reason or another, is called death.  
  24. Soloveitchik, Joseph B. Halakhic Man. Qtd. in Israel
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????????? [ ???????? ]

  • ???????? ?????? (??????)
  • Death ? Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy ? Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University? ?????