??????????

?????????? ( ?????? : Biology) ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ? ???? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???, ??????, ??????? , ??????????????????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ???? ???????, ????? ???? ????-?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???, ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???, ?? ??? ??? ????????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????, ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????

????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????, ?? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????; ????: ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ??? ??????????? ?? ????????? ? ????????????? ?? ??????-????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ^[?]? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ????????? ??? ? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? ???, ????? ????, ???????, ??????? ? ?????????? ???, ????????? ? ????????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?,?? ???? ????????? ???? ^[?]? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????, ?????, ?????, ????, ??? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ? ????????? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ????

???????????? ??-???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???? ????, ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????-???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????-??????????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ^[?] ^[?] ^[?]

?????? [ ???????? ]

?????????? ?? ????????? ????????? Biology, ???? ???? ????? ???? β?ο?(bios) ??? ???? ???? , ??? λογ?α(logia) ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??? ????????? ????? ?????????? ??-??????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????????????? ? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??, ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????????, ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ??, ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????, ??????, ?????? ? ????????? - ?? ????? ??? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ^[?]

???????? ????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????? , ???????????? , ??????????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ? ???????? (??????????? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????) ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ^[?]

?????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???, ???? ????, ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? (?) ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? (?) ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? (?) ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ^[?] ^[?]

?????? ???????????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

????? ?????????? [ ???????? ]

????? ??????????, ???? ???????????????? ? ????????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ? ??????? -?? ??? ? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????? ?????????? ????

??? ?????????? [ ???????? ]

??? ?????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ??? ????????????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????-????????? ??????????, ???????, ??? ???????????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???? ????????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? (????? ??????????), ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ( ??????????? )? ??????? ???????? ? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ( ?????????????????? ) ??? ?????? ???? (ethology) ?????????????

??????? [ ???????? ]

???????????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ????? ?? ????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????-????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??, ???????? ????? ??? , ????? ??? ????????????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?.? ??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ^[??] ????????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? , ???????? ??? ????????????? (?????: ?????? ??? ) ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ^[??]

"???????" ?????? ???? ???? ???-?????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????, ^[??] ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??? ????????? ^[??] ^[??] ^[??] ( ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ???????-?????????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??-????????? ?????? ??????? ???) ^[??] ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????

?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??, ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ^[??] ???????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ^[??]

????? [ ???????? ]

????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???????????? ???? ????? ??? ????????????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ? ??????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????????????, ????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???; ??????, ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ???? ? ???????????? ???? ????; ?????????, ??????? ???? ??? ???????? (?????????????) ?????????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???????????? ? ???????

???? ?????????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ^[??] ??????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? , ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ^[??] ???????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? , ???????? ?? ???????? ?- ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ^[??]

????????? ?????????? [ ???????? ]

????????? ?????????? ????-?? ???? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ??????????? ??????????, ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????

????????? ???????????? (Population genetics), ?????? ?????????????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???, ??? ????????????? , ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???, ????-?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ????-?? ???? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ????????? ???? ???? ??????-???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????????????? , ?????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????

???????????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????
??????????? ??????? ???? ?????, ?????? ? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ? ???????? ???? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ????????? ? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ????

???????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? [ ???????? ]

?????? ????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ????????, ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ???????

?????? ??? - ???????? ??????? , ????????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??, ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ??? ??????????????? ???????????? ???? ???? ??, ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????

???? ?????? - ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ?????

????????? ??? ??? - ?????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??, ????: ??????? ????? ???????????? ?? ???? ??? ????- ?????? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????

?????????? ? ????? [ ???????? ]

???????? ?????? ????- ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ????-??????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ??, ???? ?????? ????-????????? ????????? ???????-????????????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????-??????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ?? ???????? Wholism -?? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ???? ^[??]

????????? [ ???????? ]

??????????
????????
??????
Stramenopila/Chromista - Fucus serratus
???????????? - Gemmatimonas aurantiaca (- = 1 Micrometer)
Archaea - Halobacteria
?????? - Gamma phage

???? [ ???????? ]

????????? [ ???????? ]

↑ "???????????????? ???????" ? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?
↑ ???????? ??????? ?????: cytology
↑ Craig, Nancy (????)? Molecular Biology, Principles of Genome Functon ? ???????? 978-0-19-965857-2 ?
↑ Mosconi, Francesco; Julou, Thomas (????)? "Some nonlinear challenges in biology" (?????? ??????): T131? ???????? 0951-7715 ? ????? : 10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/T03 ?
↑ Howell, Elizabeth (? ???????? ????)? "How Did Life Become Complex, And Could It Happen Beyond Earth?" ? Astrobiology Magazine ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?
↑ "???????????????? ???????" ? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?
↑ Magner, Lois N. (????)? A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded ? CRC Press? ?????? 133?44? ???????? 978-0-203-91100-6 ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????
↑ Sapp, Jan (????)? "7"? Genesis: The Evolution of Biology ? Oxford University Press? ???????? 978-0-19-515618-8 ?
↑ Coleman, William (????)? Biology in the Nineteenth Century: Problems of Form, Function, and Transformation ? Cambridge University Press? ???????? 978-0-521-29293-1 ?
↑ De Duve, Christian (????)? Life Evolving: Molecules, Mind, and Meaning ? Oxford University Press? ?????? 44 ? ???????? 978-0-19-515605-8 ?
↑ Futuyma, DJ (????)? Evolution ? Sinauer Associates? ???????? 978-0-87893-187-3 ? ??????? 57311264 ?
↑ Packard, Alpheus Spring (????)? Lamarck, the founder of Evolution: his life and work with translations of his writings on organic evolution ? Longmans, Green.? ???????? 978-0-405-12562-1 ?
↑ "The Complete Works of Darwin Online ? Biography" ? darwin-online.org.uk? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
↑ Dobzhansky, T. (????)? "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution": 125?29? ??????? 4444260 ? ????? : 10.2307/4444260 ? ???? ??????X 10.1.1.525.3586   ?
↑ On the origin of species by means of natural selection ? Broadview? ????? ?????? 15 ? ???????? 978-1-55111-337-1 ?
↑ Shermer p. 149.
↑ Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species , John Murray.
↑ Simpson, George Gaylord (????)? The Meaning of Evolution (Second ???????)? Yale University Press? ???????? 978-0-300-00952-1 ?
↑ Bryant, DA; Frigaard, NU (??????? ????)? "Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated": 488?96? ????? : 10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001 ? ???????? 16997562 ?
↑ Smith, AL (????)? Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology ? Oxford University Press? ?????? 508 ? ???????? 978-0-19-854768-6 ?
↑ Edwards, Katrina? "Microbiology of a Sediment Pond and the Underlying Young, Cold, Hydrologically Active Ridge Flank"?
↑ ????? ????? ???? , ???????? , ?????????, ????, ????? ????, ?????? ??-???

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

Biology in fiction
Glossary of biology
??? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ??????
??? ????????? ??????
List of biology journals
??? ????????? ??????? ??????
List of life sciences
List of omics topics in biology
National Association of Biology Teachers
Outline of biology
Periodic table of life sciences in Tinbergen's four questions
??????
??????? ?????
Terminology of biology

??? ????? [ ???????? ]

Alberts B, Johnson A, Lewis J, Raff M, Roberts K, Walter P (????)? Molecular Biology of the Cell (4th ???????)? Garland? ???????? 978-0-8153-3218-3 ? ??????? 145080076 ?
Begon M, Townsend CR, Harper JL (????)? Ecology: From Individuals to Ecosystems (4th ???????)? Blackwell Publishing Limited? ???????? 978-1-4051-1117-1 ? ??????? 57639896 ?
Campbell, Neil (????)? Biology (7th ???????)? Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company? ???????? 978-0-8053-7146-8 ? ??????? 71890442 ? ????? ??????????? |name-list-style= ??????? ??? ?????? ( ??????? )
Colinvaux, Paul (????)? Why Big Fierce Animals are Rare: An Ecologist's Perspective (reissue ???????)? Princeton University Press? ???????? 978-0-691-02364-9 ? ??????? 10081738 ? ????? ??????????? |name-list-style= ??????? ??? ?????? ( ??????? )
Mayr, Ernst (????)? The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance ? Harvard University Press? ???????? 978-0-674-36446-2 ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?
Hoagland, Mahlon (????)? The Way Life Works (reprint ???????)? Jones and Bartlett Publishers inc? ???????? 978-0-7637-1688-2 ? ??????? 223090105 ? ????? ??????????? |name-list-style= ??????? ??? ?????? ( ??????? )
Janovy, John (????)? On Becoming a Biologist (2nd ???????)? Bison Books? ???????? 978-0-8032-7620-8 ? ??????? 55138571 ?
Johnson, George B. (????)? Biology, Visualizing Life ? Holt, Rinehart, and Winston? ???????? 978-0-03-016723-2 ? ??????? 36306648 ?
Tobin, Allan; Dusheck, Jennie (????)? Asking About Life (3rd ???????)? Belmont, CA: Wadsworth? ???????? 978-0-534-40653-0 ?

????????? [ ???????? ]

???????? ?????????? (??????)
????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ??????
?????????? ?????? - ???? ??????
???????????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????
???? ???? : ???? ???-????, ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ???? ???? ????

??????? ?????

????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????-??????????, ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????-????????? ???????
??????? ???????? : ??????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???
?????????? ???? : ???? ????-?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????-?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????
??????? : ??????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? - ???? ????????? ????????? ?????
??????????? ??? ??????? ??????? : ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ??????-?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ???
?????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? : ??????? ????????????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????

[1] "???????????????? ???????" ? ? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?

[2] ???????? ??????? ?????: cytology

[3] Craig, Nancy (????)? Molecular Biology, Principles of Genome Functon ? ???????? 978-0-19-965857-2 ?

[4] Mosconi, Francesco; Julou, Thomas (????)? "Some nonlinear challenges in biology" (?????? ??????): T131? ???????? 0951-7715 ? ????? : 10.1088/0951-7715/21/8/T03 ?

[AB-20141208-5] Howell, Elizabeth (? ???????? ????)? "How Did Life Become Complex, And Could It Happen Beyond Earth?" ? Astrobiology Magazine ? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???? ?

[6] "???????????????? ???????" ? ?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?

[7] Magner, Lois N. (????)? A History of the Life Sciences, Revised and Expanded ? CRC Press? ?????? 133?44? ???????? 978-0-203-91100-6 ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ????

[8] Sapp, Jan (????)? "7"? Genesis: The Evolution of Biology ? Oxford University Press? ???????? 978-0-19-515618-8 ?

[9] Coleman, William (????)? Biology in the Nineteenth Century: Problems of Form, Function, and Transformation ? Cambridge University Press? ???????? 978-0-521-29293-1 ?

[10] De Duve, Christian (????)? Life Evolving: Molecules, Mind, and Meaning ? Oxford University Press? ?????? 44 ? ???????? 978-0-19-515605-8 ?

[Futuyma-11] Futuyma, DJ (????)? Evolution ? Sinauer Associates? ???????? 978-0-87893-187-3 ? ??????? 57311264 ?

[p15-12] Packard, Alpheus Spring (????)? Lamarck, the founder of Evolution: his life and work with translations of his writings on organic evolution ? Longmans, Green.? ???????? 978-0-405-12562-1 ?

[13] "The Complete Works of Darwin Online ? Biography" ? darwin-online.org.uk? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?

[14] Dobzhansky, T. (????)? "Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution": 125?29? ??????? 4444260 ? ????? : 10.2307/4444260 ? ???? ??????X 10.1.1.525.3586   ?

[15] On the origin of species by means of natural selection ? Broadview? ????? ?????? 15 ? ???????? 978-1-55111-337-1 ?

[16] Shermer p. 149.

[17] Darwin, Charles (1859). On the Origin of Species , John Murray.

[GGS-18] Simpson, George Gaylord (????)? The Meaning of Evolution (Second ???????)? Yale University Press? ???????? 978-0-300-00952-1 ?

[bryantfrigaard-19] Bryant, DA; Frigaard, NU (??????? ????)? "Prokaryotic photosynthesis and phototrophy illuminated": 488?96? ????? : 10.1016/j.tim.2006.09.001 ? ???????? 16997562 ?

[20] Smith, AL (????)? Oxford dictionary of biochemistry and molecular biology ? Oxford University Press? ?????? 508 ? ???????? 978-0-19-854768-6 ?

[21] Edwards, Katrina? "Microbiology of a Sediment Pond and the Underlying Young, Cold, Hydrologically Active Ridge Flank"?

[22] ????? ????? ???? , ???????? , ?????????, ????, ????? ????, ?????? ??-???

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

?? ? ?????????? -????????? ??????? ????????
??????????? ?????????????????? ??????? (?????? ???) ????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ????-?????? ???????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????-????-???????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????????? ????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ????????????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????-???? ????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???-?????????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ????????????? ????-???????????? ????-?????????? ????-????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ????????????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ????-????????????? ?????????????? ????-?????????? ????-????????????? ????-????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ???-?????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ???-????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???-???? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????? ? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????????? ??? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???-??????????????? ???-????????? ????????????? ???-????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ??-?????????? ??? ????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????-????-?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ??-????????????? ??-???? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????? ???? ? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? ?????????????? ????-????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????-??? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ? ???????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ??-????????????? ??-????????????? ??-?????????? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ???-?????? ??????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????-??????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???? ??????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????????????? ???? ??????????? ??????? ???? ????????????? ???? ?????????????????? ????????????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????? ???-???????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? / ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????? / ????????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ????????????? ????????????? ????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ????-?????????? ?????????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ???????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????????? ????????? ???????????????? ????????? ????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ???????-??????????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????-????? ???? ??????? ???-?????????? ???-????????? ??????? ???-????????? ???????????? ??????????
??? ?????	?????? ????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ? ??? ???????? ???????
??????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????