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https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europa_(moon)

Europa

Europa, as seen by the Galileo spacecraft
?????????
????????????	??????? ????? Marius, Simon
?????????? ?????	January 8, 1610 [1]
??????????
????? ??????	Jupiter II
Adjectives	Europan
??????????????? ????????? [4]
????????? January 8, 2004
Periapsis	664 862 km [2]
Apoapsis	676 938 km [2]
??????????????? ?????? ???	670 900 km [3]
???????????????	0.009 [3]
??????????????????	3.551 181 d [3]
Average ????????????	13.740 km/s [3]
??????	0.470° (to Jupiter's equator) [3]
??????????	??????
????? ?????????
?????? ???	1569 km (0.245 Earths ) [3]
?????? ???????????	3.09 × 10 7   km 2 (0.061 Earths) [5]
????????	1.593 × 10 10   km 3 (0.015 Earths) [5]
??????	4.80 × 10 22  kg (0.008 Earths) [3]
?????? ????????	3.01  g / cm 3 [3]
????? ?????????????	1.314  m/s 2 (0.134 g) [2]
????????? ???????	2.025 km/s [2]
Rotation period	Synchronous [6]
Axial tilt	0.1° [7]
??????	0.67 ± 0.03 [8]
?????? ?????? min mean max Surface ~50 K [9] 102 K 125 K
????? ??????????	5.29 ( opposition ) [8]
??????????
??????????? ??????	0.1 μPa (10 -12 bar ) [10]

????????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ( Europa pronounced /j??ro?p?/  ( listen ) ; ???????? Ευρ?πη) . ???????????? 1610 -? ??????? ????????????. ??? , ??????????? , ???????? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????????? ??? ???????? ? ????????? ??????????? ??????????????. ???????? - ???????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ? ???????????? ???? ????????????.

???????????? ??????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? 3,100 ??????????????, ??? ?????????? ???????????????? ????? ????????. ?????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????????. ????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ????. ???? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????.???????????,?????????,???????? ??????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????. ??? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????????????????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? . ^[11]

?????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ??????????. ???????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?????????????? ????????????? ????????????. ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????????.

??? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???????. ??????????? ????????? ???????????????? ?????? ????????? ????????????????? ??????????????. ??? 2016 - ? ????????????? ????? ???????? Europa -Jupitar System Mission ??? ???? ??????? ???????. 2019 ??? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????????.

?????????????? [ ????????? ]

?????????? ?????????????????????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ?????????????. ^[12] ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? 200??.????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????????? ???? ????????? ?????????????. ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????????????????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????????????????????. ? ?????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????????????. ???????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???????????????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ? ???? ???????.

2005? ??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????. ????????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????????????? ????????????? ??????????? ?????????. 2012? ?????? ?????? ? ???????????????? 160??.?????? ??? ???????????????? ?????????. ^[12] ?????? ????????????? 2018? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????????. ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ??????????????. ^[13]

?????? [ ????????? ]

1. ↑ Blue, Jennifer (November 9, 2009). "Planet and Satellite Names and Discoverers" . USGS . Retrieved 2010-01-22 .
2. ↑ ^{2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3} Calculated on the basis of other parameters
3. ↑ ^{3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7} "Overview of Europa Facts" . NASA . Archived from the original on 1997-01-05 . Retrieved 2010-01-22 .
4. ↑ "JPL HORIZONS solar system data and ephemeris computation service" . Solar System Dynamics . NASA , Jet Propulsion Laboratory . Retrieved 2010-01-22 .
5. ↑ ^{5.0 5.1} Using the mean radius
6. ↑ See Geissler et al. (1998) in orbit section for evidence of non-synchronous orbit.
7. ↑ Bills, Bruce G. (2005). "Free and forced obliquities of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter" . Icarus . 175 : 233?247. doi : 10.1016/j.icarus.2004.10.028 .
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1} Yeomans, Donald K. (2006-07-13). "Planetary Satellite Physical Parameters" . JPL Solar System Dynamics . Retrieved 2010-01-22 .
9. ↑ McFadden, Lucy-Ann; Weissman, Paul; and Johnson, Torrence (2007). The Encyclopedia of the Solar System . Elsevier. p. 432. {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( link )
10. ↑ McGrath (2009). "Atmosphere of Europa". In Pappalardo, Robert T.; McKinnon, William B.; and Khurana, Krishan K. (ed.). Europa . University of Arizona Press. ISBN   0-816-52844-6 . {{ cite book }} : CS1 maint: multiple names: editors list ( link )
11. ↑ Tritt, Charles S. (2002). "Possibility of Life on Europa" . Milwaukee School of Engineering. Archived from the original on 2007-06-09 . Retrieved 2010-01-22 .
12. ↑ ^{12.0 12.1} NASA’s Hubble Spots Possible Water Plumes Erupting on Jupiter's Moon Europa [1]
13. ↑ NASA's Hubble Spots Possible Water Plumes Erupting on Jupiter's Moon Europa - HubbleSite [2]

??????????????????? ??????????? ? ????? ????????????. ??? ???????????????? ?????????? .

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