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Orcinus orca
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Orcinus
). ????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? 8 ?-10
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?????
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[4]
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[3]
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[5]
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[6]
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[6]
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Orcinus
, ???????? "??
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[7]
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Orcinus
, ???? ????? ??????? ?
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[6]
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Orcinus
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[9]
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[10]
. ?????, ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????
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[11]
, ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?
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???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????-??? ???????? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??. ????? ?? ?????
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[12]
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[13]
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[2]
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[14]
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[17]
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1975
, ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????.
??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ??????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???????. ????-??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????, ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????. ??, ????, ????? ????? ????-?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ?
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2006
???? ????? ??????? ??, ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???-??? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????. ??????? ????????
???? ????
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[18]
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[19]
.
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[20]
. ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ??-??? ??????? ?? ???? ????.
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[20]
. ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?-18 ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ????????, ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ????. ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? 49 ?????. ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????. ????-???, ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ??????? ?? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ??????-??, ???????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ????? ??? 150 ?????.
???????? ???????, "???" ??? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ?? ?"?????". ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? "???" ???? (??? ?????: ???? ?????). ????? ???? ??????? ???????, ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????, ???? ???? ?????. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???, ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???
????? ???????
.
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????????? ???????
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2006
)
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- ?????? ?????-
?????
, ?????? 2 ?????, 11 ?????, 211 ????? (???? ?-
2006
)
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??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??-??????. ?? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????. ?? ???, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????, ???? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???????. ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??-?????, ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ????.
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[21]
[22]
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) ?????, ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??
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. ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??
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(Brominated flame-retardant). ?? ???, ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????. ?????? ?????? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????
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, ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????. ?? ????????? ?? ????-?? ??? ?????-?? ???? ?????? ??
?????
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???? ?? ??. ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????. ????
2005
?????? ?????
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???? ?????
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??????
??????? ????? ????
????? ?????
?-
1989
????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????
?????
. ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????, ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????. ?? ???, ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ?-11 ?????, ?????. ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????-???? ?? ????????? ???????, ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ??????. ??????
2004
????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????, ????? ???? ?-7 ?????, ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????
[23]
.
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1758
. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???
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, ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???
70
??????. ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????-????? ????? ??. ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???
????
, ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ???:
hoc scire orcas, infestam iis belvam et cuius imago nulla repraesentatione exprimi potest alia quam carnis inmensae dentibus truculentae... lancinant morsu incursuque ceu Liburnicarum rostris fodiunt.
?????? ?
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?
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????? ????
???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????
. ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??, ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ???, ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????
???? ??
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, ????? 2005, ??? ?
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???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ????.
[24]
.
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???? ?-70 ?? ???? ?-20
. ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???????
[25]
.
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??? ??????? 2020 ??? 2023 ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????
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. ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????.
[26]
[27]
- ??? ????? ?
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????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????
???? ?-20
, ???? ?????????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ????????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?-
1981
??? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????????.
???,?????, ???? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????, ?????? ??? ??????, ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? (??? ??????).
?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???
????????
, ?? ?????? ?????? 56 ????? ???? ??? ?-
1938
?? 1981.
???
?????? ???? ?? 43 ????? ?????? ???? ???
1941
?-1981.
???? ???????
??? ??? ????? ??? ???, ??? ?-
1980
????? ????? ?? 916 ?????.
????, ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????.
???
??? ????? ?????? ??? ???, ???? ??????? ???? ????? ???????. ???? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???
?????????
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. ????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?
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, ?????
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?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?
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?? ???? ??? ??????. ????? ????? ?"?????" ?? ??? ?????? ???????. ?? ???, ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????, ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????.
?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????????? ?????. ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??
????????
?
???? ?-20 ?? ???? ?-20
. ???? ????, ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???????? ????? "??? ????" (Old Tom; ??? ???? ????? ??????), ???? ?????? ????????? ????
???????? ??????
. ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????, ?????? ???? ????? ?????? (Twofold Bay), ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ??
??????
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??????????
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????? ????
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???????
?-
1964
. ??
1980
????? 60?70 ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ?????? ???. ?
???? ?-70
???????? ???????
???? ?-80
????? ?-50 ???? ???? ?????? ??
??????
. ???, ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ?-
WSPA
(World Society for the Protection of Animals) ?
?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????
(Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society) ?????? ?????
??????
???? ????? ???.
???? ??? ?????? ???? ????
?????
??? ???????? ?????? ????, ?????? ?-60 ?? 90 ?????? ?? ??????. ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? 30. ??? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? 80 ?????. ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????
????
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???
???? ??? ???? ????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????, ?? ??? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ???, ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????, ???? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???. ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????, ??? ????? ?????????? ???? ?????.
???? ?????? ?????
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???????? ???????
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????? ??
???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? "
?????????
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????? ??????
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?? ???? ?????
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?
?????????
??????
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?
???? ?-90 ?? ???? ?-20
???? ???? ???
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(?
??????
: Keiko, ?????? ??? ?
?????
: ?? ???) (
1976
?
12 ??????
2003
). ????? ????? ??? ????
??????
????
1979
??? 6
?????
?????? ???? ?-7.3
?????
. ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?
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?-
2013
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???????
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???? ???
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2010
. ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ????, ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??????: ???? ?????, ?-
1991
, ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???, ?-
1999
. ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????.
- ????
, ????
ITIS
(???????)
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, ????
NCBI
(???????)
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Animal Diversity Web
(???????)
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GBIF
(???????)
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??? ?"???? ????" ????"?: ?????? ??? ????
, ????
ynet
, 1 ?????? 2006
- ????
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- ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????
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AP
|
?????
?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????
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, 1900 |
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?????
, 2000 |
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?? ?????
, 2013 |
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, 1997 |
?????
???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???,
???????
, 2010 |
?????
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????????
, 1997 |
?????
???? ???? ????
??????? ?????-???
, ????
?????????
, 1997 |
- ??? ????,
?????: ???????? ?????
, ???? ??
???? ??????? ?????? ????
, 10 ????? 2016
- ???? ???? ?????
,
??????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???"?
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, 29 ????? 2018
- ???? ???? ?????
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?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????
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- ???? ????,
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, ????? "
????? ???
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???? ??????? ?????? ????
, 21 ??????? 2023
- ^
????
???? ?????? ?????? ??
IUCN
- ^
1
2
3
4
Orcinus orca (killer whale)
, Animal Diversity Web
(???????)
- ^
1
2
3
Orca videos, photos and facts - Orcinus orca
, Arkive
(???????)
(
??????
)
- ^
"Killer Whale"
.
Oceana
(???????)
. ???? ?-
2017-08-14
.
- ^
Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, A Greek-English Lexicon, ?ρυξ
, www.perseus.tufts.edu
- ^
1
2
3
???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? "????" ???? ????? ???:
"Orcas on the Edge - National Wildlife Federation"
. ???? ?-
2017-08-14
.
- ^
Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, Orc?nus
, www.perseus.tufts.edu
- ^
??? ???? PDF ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?', ?' ??'.
- ^
1
2
Killer Whale
, Seaworld.
- ^
SeaWorld Parks & Entertainmen,
SeaWorld Parks & Entertainmen
, 2021
- ^
John K. B. Ford, Graeme M. Ellis, Kenneth C. Balcomb,
Killer Whales, Second Edition
, UBC Press, 2000, ??' 23.
- ^
Emily Burnett,
Orcinus orca (killer whale)
, Animal Diversity Web
(???????)
- ^
Thewissen J., Perrin W. & Wursig B.,
Killer Whale: Orcinus orca
, United States: Elsevier, 2009
- ^
??? ????? ?-WDCS.org, "?????? ?????? ?? ?????", 11 ???????? 2006:
Male orcas generally don't live as long as females. In the wild, males average 35 years or so, maximum 50-60 years, females average 50 years, maximum 80-90 years. However, one male, known as ‘Old Tom’ was reportedly spotted every winter between 1843 and 1932 off New South Wales, Australia. This would have made him at least 89 years old!"
- ^
1
2
?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????:
Karin A. Forney and Paul R. Wade,
Worldwide Distribution and Abundance of Killer Whales
, ????
NOAA
- ^
MindComet, Inc. -
http://www.mindcomet.com
,
Habitat & Distribution
, seaworld.org
(???????)
- ^
??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?'????????
- ^
Killer Whales "Wave Wash" Seal | Frozen Planet - YouTube
- ^
daily mail,
Pictured: The moment a whale delivers a deadly 'karate chop' blow to a killer shark
- ^
1
2
Proposed Conversation Plan for Southern Resident Killer Whale
,
NOAA
- ^
Ford, John K.B., Ellis, Graeme M. and Balcomb, Kenneth C. (2000). Killer Whales, Second Edition. Vancouver, BC: UBC Press.
- ^
Carwardine, Mark (2001) "Killer Whales" London:
BBC Worldwide
Ltd., ISBN
0-7894-8266-5
- ^
??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????
- ^
??? ???? ?-seattle times
- ^
??? ???? abcnews.com
- ^
?????: ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???????
, ????
ynet
, 24 ????? 2023
- ^
???? ?????,
???????? ???? "???????" ?????? 3 ????? ??????? - ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???
, ????
?????
, 31 ???? 2023