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	Panthera tigris ; ‏ ??????? , 1758
???? ?????

??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????. ?? ???????? ??????? ????, ??? ?????? (?????????) .

?????? ( ?? ???? : Panthera tigris ; ? ?????? : tigris ), ??? ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ? ???? . ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??: ????? ???? ?-3.5 ????? ?????? ?-225?300 ?"? .

??????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????, ???? ???? ??????. ??? ????-?? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? . ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???, ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???????. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ? ?????? ???? ???? , ??? ???? ?'???? . ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???.

??????? ?? ?????-???? ???? , ? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????, ????? ? ???? ????? .

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? . ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? , ?????? ?-225 ?"? , ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? 3.50 ????? (11.5 ??? ) ????? ?? ??? 300 ??????? (660 ?????? ). ????? ?? ??????? ?-115 ?"? ????? ???? ?-98 ?"?. ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? , ???? ?? ???? , ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????. ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? , ?? ????? ?????? ????, ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????: ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????, ???? ? ???? , ? ???? ?? ???? , ??????? ???? ?? ???????? (????? ???? ???????), ?????? ? ??? , ? ????? ?? ????? .

???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

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

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ????. ? ????? ???? ??? 100 ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? 2?6 ????? ????. ????? ????? : ?? ??? 18 ????.

???????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???????????? , ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? , ? ????? ??????? ?? ????. ????? ???? ???? ????, ??????? ???? ????-??? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????.

??-????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ???? ??-?????, ???? ???? ???? ????:

?????? ?????? ( Panthera tigris altaica ) - ??-???? ????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? . ????? ???? ?-500 ????? ???? ???? ?-160 ????.
?????? ????? ( Panthera tigris tigris ) - ??-???? ????? ?????. ?????????? ?????? ??-3,200 ?????.
?????? ????-???? ( Panthera tigris corbetti ) - ????? ?-1,500 ?????. ?? ??? ??-???? ?????? ??????.
?????? ???? ( Panthera tigris jacksoni ) - ?? 2004 ?? ???? ? ??-??? ???? ????. ?????????? ????? ??-340 ?????. ???? ????? ????? .
?????? ????-??? ( Panthera tigris amoyensis ) - ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????. ??? 0?40 ????? ???????, ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????.
?????? ?????? ( Panthera tigris sumatrae ) - ???? ???? ??-??????. ????? 450 ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? .

?????? ???? ?-19 ????? ????????? ????????? ??-100,000 ?????. ????, ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? IUCN ????? ??? 2,154 ?-3,159 ????? ????. ^[4]

??-????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ( Panthera tigris balica ) - ???? ?- 1937 .
?????? ?'???? ( Panthera tigris sondaica ) - ???? ??????? 1980
?????? ???? ( Panthera tigris virgata ) - ???? ???? ???? ?-20 .
?????? ??????? ( Panthera tigris soloensis )
?????? ??????? ( Panthera tigris trinilensis )

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? ??? ????? , ?????? , ???? , ????? , ?????? , ????? ? ??? ?? ??? ??????? , ?'???? ? ???? .

???? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ??????? , ????? ?????? ??? ? ????-???? ???? . ?? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? (??????? ???????) ?????-???? ??? (?????? ??? ? ?????? ??????? ), ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????.

????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? , ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????. ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????. ?????? ? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????.

???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??? (?????? ????, ????? ??-????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????). ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ??????? ?? ? ???? ????? ??, ??? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????, ?? ????? ???? ????? (?????? ?????? ????? ??????) ????? ?? ????????? ?????????. ????-?????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? , ??????????? ???????, ????????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???, ??????? ?????? ?????.

?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????. ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ?? (?????? ???) ???? ????? ????? ?????; ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?? ?-600 ????? ????, ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ????????? . ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????.

????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ? ? ??? ???? , ?????? , ????? ?????? ? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ?????. ?? ???? ????? ^[5] ?????? ???? ??? Current Biology. ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??????? ??- ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????.

????? ?? ????????? ???? ???? ???????. ? ???? ?-90 ?? ???? ?-20 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?-10,000. ???? 2014 ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? 2,154 ?-3,159. ^[4] ?????????? ????? ?????, ?????, ???? ????? ????. ??????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????. ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ????, ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????. ^[^{???? ????
]}

???-?'?? ???? (Luo) ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? 105 ???????? ?????? ?-14 ?????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????, ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??-????? ??????? ????. ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? .

??????, ???? ???? ??? 15 ?-20 ??? ???????? ???? ????, ??????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?? 5?7 ???? ???? ????. ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????. ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????.

???? ??????? ?????? ??????? DNA ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??-????. ?? ???? 105 ?????? DNA ?????? ???? ????? ?-20 ??? ????????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????.

?? ???? ?? 47 ???? 105 ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ??-?????? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ????????? ????????? ???????. "???? ????????? ?????, 43 ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??-????? ????????." ?????. ????? ???, ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? 62 ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????. 16 ????? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????. "?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?-15 ??? ????????? ?????, ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??-??????." ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? . ^[6]

"?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????." ????? ????? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???. ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????.

??????? ???? ?? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ????. ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? - ?????. ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?????.

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??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? , ???? ITIS (???????)
?????? , ???? NCBI (???????)
?????? , ???? Animal Diversity Web (???????)
?????? , ???? ???????????? ?? ????? (???????)
?????? , ???? GBIF (???????)
?????? , ???? ??????????? ???????? (???????)
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?????? ????? ????????? , ??"?
Natasha Daly, See some of National Geographic's Most Striking Photos of Tigers Ever , National Geographic , ‏4 ?????? 2022

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

^ ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? IUCN
^ The Amazing Livesof Leaping Wildlife , National Wildlife Federation's Blog
^ Novak, R. M.; Walker, E. P. (1999). " Panthera tigris (tiger) ". Walker's Mammals of the World (6th ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 825?828
^ ¹ ² Tiger , IUCN Red List
^ Luo, S. J., Johnson, W. E., Martenson, J., Antunes, A., Martelli, P., Uphyrkina, O., ... & O'Brien, S. J. (2008). Subspecies genetic assignments of worldwide captive tigers increase conservation value of captive populations. Current Biology, 18(8), 592-596.
^ catherine brahic, roar-ahead-in-stud-potential/ captive tigers roar ahead in stud potential ???? ??? ????????, 2008.

[IucnRedList-1] ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? IUCN

[2] The Amazing Livesof Leaping Wildlife , National Wildlife Federation's Blog

[3] Novak, R. M.; Walker, E. P. (1999). " Panthera tigris (tiger) ". Walker's Mammals of the World (6th ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. pp. 825?828

[IUCN-4] ¹ ² Tiger , IUCN Red List

[5] Luo, S. J., Johnson, W. E., Martenson, J., Antunes, A., Martelli, P., Uphyrkina, O., ... & O'Brien, S. J. (2008). Subspecies genetic assignments of worldwide captive tigers increase conservation value of captive populations. Current Biology, 18(8), 592-596.

[6] therine brahic, roar-ahead-in-stud-potential/ captive tigers roar ahead in stud potential ???? ??? ????????, 2008.

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