한국   대만   중국   일본 
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??? "???? ????" ??? ??????? ????? ?-60 ?????? ?????. ???????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????, ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???????. ???? ??? ???? , ?????? ( ???? ) ????? . ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ??????-???????, ???? ???? "????" ????????? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ??????? . ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? [1] .

??????????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?-14 , ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ????, ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? , ??? ? ????? ? ???? ? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????-???????.

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?'???????? ( ??' ) , ?? ?'??????, ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???, ???? ??? ?? ????, ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????-???????? ??? ???????? ?????????. ???????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???. ????? ???? ??????? ???, ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? , ????? , ???????? , ???? ?????? . ?? ???? ?-50 , ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????-???????? [3] .

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?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ???? ??? ????????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????: ????? ?? ??????? ?????? [4] . ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? (????? ????) ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ????? ????????, ???? ???????? ????? ???.

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???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????-??????? ?"???? ????". ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? (Sofkee) ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????. ??? ???? , ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? - ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ????????.

????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? . ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ????? ??? ??????? ?????, ????? ??????????. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? , ??? , ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ???? ?????, ?????? ?? ??????, ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????.

????? ????? ????? (??? ?????? ??????) ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????, ????????. ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ( ????? ??? , ????? ??? ???? ???? ??????). ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ???? , ????? ? ??? [5] .

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?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ?????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ???? ???? ???-?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ??? "???? ?????" ??????, "?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ????" ( ??' ) , ???? ?- 1881 ?????? ???? ????, ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ???-????????. ??? ????? ??? ???? "????? ????? ?????" ???? ????? ???? ???? 1911 . ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ????-???????? ???? ???? ?-19 ?????? ???? ?-20 , ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????, ???? ????. ????? ???? ?-20, ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? "???? ????" ???? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ?????? , ?????? , ???? ?????? .

????? "????? ?????" ?? ?????? ?????-???????? ????? ??? ??????. ???, ????? ????? ????-???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????????. ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? "???? ????", ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????????? ???????? ??????.

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???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ? ????? , ???? , ???? , ???????? ? ??????? . ??????, ?????? ?? "???? ????" ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? , ????? , ????? ?????? , ???? ??? ? ????? ?? ???? ????-???????? , ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? . ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????. ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???, ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ???, ?????? ????? ???? ?????.

?? ????? ?????? ?????????, ??? ?? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????, ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ??? ???? ?-20 ?????? ???? ?-21 ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? '?????' ?? ????. ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ???? [6] .

?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????.

??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ?????? ?? "??????" ??????? ????? ???????? ?????, ??????? , ????? ????? ????? ?? ????? 3 , ????? , ???? ? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? . ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? (?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????) ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ???????? .

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  • Huges, Marvalene H. Soul, Black Women, and Food . Ed. Carole Counihan and Penny van Esterik. New York: Routledge, 1997
  • Bowser, Pearl and Jean Eckstein, A Pinch of Soul , Avon, New York, 1970
  • Counihan, Carol and Penny Van Esterik editors, Food and Culture, A Reader , Routledge, New York, 1997
  • Harris, Jessica, The Welcome Table ? African American Heritage Cooking , Simon and Schuster, New York, 1996
  • Root, Waverley and Richard de Rochemont, Eating in America, A History , William Morrow, New York, 1976
  • Glenn, Gwendolyn, American Visions, Southern Secrets From Edna Lewis , February?March, 1997
  • Puckett, Susan, Restaurant and Institutions , Soul Food Revival, February 1, 1997

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ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ Frederick Douglass Opie,Hog and Hominy: Soul Food from Africa to America (Columbia University Press, 2008,), see chapter 1
  2. ^ Frederick Douglass Opie, Hog and Hominy: Soul Food from Africa to America (Columbia University Press, 2008), chapter 2
  3. ^ Frederick Douglass Opie, Hog and Hominy: Soul Food from Africa to America (Columbia University Press, 2008), Chapter 2
  4. ^ Dragonwagon, Crescent (2007). The Cornbread Gospels. Workman Publishing. ISBN  0-7611-1916-7
  5. ^ Hudson, Charles (1976). "A Conquered People". The Southeastern Indians. The University of Tennessee Press. pp. 498?99. ISBN  0-87049-248-9
  6. ^ Shelf, Angela. "African Vegetarian Recipes : The Ethnic Vegetarian". Enotalone.com. Retrieved 2009-06-20