??? ?? ???? ?????????? - ?????? ??????? ?????. ?? ???????? ?????????, ????? ???????? , ??? ???? ??? .

?????? (? ?????? : Vitamin ) ??? ?????? ??????? , ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ??????, ??????? ? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?????.

???????? ?? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? , ?????, ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? , ????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ????? . ?????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? , ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? . ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? . ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ??????? ^{[1] [2]} . ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??????????, ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ???????, ???? ????? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ????. ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????, ?????? ???? ???-?????? ????? ????? 277 ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ? ??? ^{[3] [4]} .

????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????. ?????? C, ??????, ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? . ????, ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? D ????, ??? ????, ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? . ?? ?? ?????? D ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? "??????". ??????? ?????? ???-??????? ?????? ????? "??????" ???? ????? ???????? K ???? ???????? ?????? B ??????? ? ????? ????? ??????? . ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ???, ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????.

???? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ????? "??????" ??? ???? 1912 ????? ????? ????? , ?????? ???? , ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? B ₁ ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? . ???? ????? ?? ????? ??????? Vital (?????) ?-amine ( ???? ??????), ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????, ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????, ????? ??? ?????, ????? "???????", ???? ?????? ??????, ????? "????". ?? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? C ?????? ???? ??????, ????? ???? ??? ????.

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?????? ???? ????????:

• ?????? A ( ?????? ) - ???? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ????, ???? ?? ? ????? ??????, ???? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ? ????? ???????? . ?????? A ???? ? ??? , ???, ???? , ??????? , ???? , ??????? , ????? , ?????? , ???? , ???? , ??? , ???? , ??? , ??? ???, ???? ? ???? , ????? ? ???? ? ??? ???? .
• ????? ?????? B ????? ???? ????????, ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????:
  1. ?????? B ₁ ( ?????? ) - ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?????? B ₁ ???? ? ??? , ???? , ??? , ??? , ???, ???? , ????? ?????, ????? , ?????? , ????? ? ?????? . ????? ???????? B ₁ ???? ????? ? ?????? , ?????, ?????? ??????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? .
  2. ?????? B ₂ ( ????????? ) - ????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ?? , ???? ?????? ????, ??????? ???? ?? ???? , ???????? ????? ?? ? ?????? . ????? ?? ??????? ?????? B ₆ . ???? ? ??? , ???? , ???, ?????? , ????? , ????? ?????, ?????, ?????? , ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ????. ????? ???????? B ₂ ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ???, ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????.
  3. ?????? B ₃ ( ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ) - ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????, ????? ??????, ? ????? , ?????? ???? ??????? ??????; ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? . ???? ????, ???? , ???? ????, ?????? , ????? , ???, ?????, ?????, ?????, ??? ??, ???? ????. ????? ???????? B ₃ ???? ????? ??????? ? ??? , ? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? . ???? ???????? B ₃ ???? ????? ?????, ??????? ?????????.
  4. ?????? B ₄ ( ????? , ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? B ₄ )
  5. ?????? B ₅ ( ????? ???????? ) - ????? ?????? ??????, ????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ??????? . ???????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? , ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????. ???? ? ??? , ?????? ????? , ????? ????, ????, ???, ???, ??????, ???? ???? ?????. ????? ???????? B ₅ ???? ????? ???????, ?????? , ???? ?????? ?????? ????? .
  6. ?????? B ₆ ( ?????????? ) ? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ? ????? , ???? , ???? ???? , ??????? , ???, ????, ?????, ??????, ??????, ?????, ????? ??????. ????? ???????? B ₆ ???? ????? ? ????? , ?????? ??????? ???????????.
  7. ?????? B ₇ - ( ?????? ) ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????. ???? ????, ???, ?????, ?????? ???????, ?????? ?????? ?????.
  8. ?????? B ₉ ( ????? ????? ) - ???? ???? ??, ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????. ???? ????, ????, ???, ??????, ????? ?????? ?????.
  9. ?????? B ₁₂ ( ???????????? ) ? ?????, ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????. ???? ????? ???? ?? ????, ????, ??? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????????? (???????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????), ????? ??????? ?? ???, ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ?? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????? B ₁₂ . ???? ???????? B ₁₂ ???? ????? ? ????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ^[5] .
• ?????? C ( ????? ???????? ) ? ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? , ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? , ???? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????, ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?????. ???? ? ???? ???? ?????, ??????? , ????? , ??????? , ????? ?????, ????? ???? , ??? ??? , ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???.
• ?????? D - ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????. ???? ??????, ??????? , ???, ??? ???? ???? ???. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? [3] .
• ?????? E ( ???? ???????? ) - ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ? ?? . ?????? E ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???. ???? ??????? ? ??? ?????? , ????? ?????, ?????, ?????, ???, ?????, ??????, ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ????.
• ?????? H ( ?????? ?? B ₇ ) - ?? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ????, ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??. ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? 2 ?? PKU ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? H. ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? H ??????.
• ?????? K ( ?????? ) - ??? ??????? ???, ?????? ?? ????? ??? . ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????????, ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???. ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ????, ????? ?????.
• ?????? P ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ? ??????????????? .

???? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????: ??????? . ?????, ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? 3 ?????? 6 ????? ???? ???????.

????? ?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????????? ????? ???? 1906 ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? . ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ?????? , ??????? , ????? ? ??????? . ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ????? , ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????. ????? ???, ????? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ???, ?????? ????. ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? (???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? A). ???? 1929 ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?????? (???? ?? ????? ?????? ) ??? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????.

???? 1928 ??? ?????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ??????????.

???????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ????? ????????

???? ???? ?? ??? ?????????? ???? ??????: ???????? ?????? ????, ???? ?????? C ????????? ?????? B, ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????, ???? ?????????? E, D, A ?-K. ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????. ????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? - ???? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????. ?? ???, ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? (?? ?? ???????). ?????? ??????? ????, ???????? ??????? ?????, ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ????/???? (??? ????? ??????????? ). ?? ???, ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????. ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? A. ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????, ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????, ????? ??????. ????, ???? ????????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????.

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• ?????? (?????)

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