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????????? [ ???????? ]

  1. ↑ "Doppler On Wheels" ? Center for Severe Weather Research ? ????? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   |???????= ? ????????? ????? ( ??????? )
  2. ↑ "Hallam Nebraska Tornado" ? Omaha/Valley, NE Weather Forecast Office? 2005-10-02 ? ???????? ????? 2006-09-08 ?   ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????= ( ??????? )
  3. ↑ ? ? ? ? ? Edwards, Roger ( 2006-04-04 )? "The Online Tornado FAQ" ? ??? ????????? ??????? ? ???????? ????? 2006-09-08 ?   ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????= ( ??????? )
  4. ↑ ? ? Perkins, Sid (????-??-??)? "Tornado Alley, USA" ? ???????? ???? ? ?????? 296?298? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  5. ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica ? "Tornado: Global occurrence" ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  6. ↑ ? ? "Glossary of Meteorology, Second Edition" ? American Meteorological Society ? ????? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   |???????= ? ????????? ????? ( ??????? )
  7. ↑ ???????, ?????? (????)? "A Comprehensive Glossary of Weather Terms for Storm Spotters" ? NOAA ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  8. ↑ ? ? ? ? ? ? Grazulis, Thomas P (July)? Significant Tornadoes 1680?1991 ? St. Johnsbury, VT: The Tornado Project of Environmental Films? ????????   1-879362-03-1 ?   ????? ??????????? |month= ??????? ??? ?????? ( ??????? ); ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????= ( ??????? )
  9. ↑ Russell S. Schneider (????)? "Tornado Outbreak Day Sequences: Historic Events and Climatology (1875?2003)" (PDF) ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   ????? ??????????? |coauthors= ??????? ??? ?????? ( |author= ????????? ??????? ????? ?????) ( ??????? )
  10. ↑ Harper, Douglas (????)? "Online Etymology Dictionary" ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   ????? ??????????? |month= ??????? ??? ?????? ( ??????? )
  11. ↑ Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (??? ???????)? Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Incorporated? ????? ????????   0-87779-709-9 ?  
  12. ↑ ? ? "The Tornado Project's Terrific, Timeless and Sometimes Trivial Truths about Those Terrifying Twirling Twisters!" ? The Tornado Project? ????? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  13. ↑ ? ? Zittel, Dave ( May 4 2000 )? "Tornado Chase 2000" ? USA Today ? ???????? ????? 2007-05-19 ?   ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????= ( ??????? )
  14. ↑ Golden, Joseph? "Waterspouts are tornadoes over water" ? USA Today ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  15. ↑ ? ? ? Doswell, Moller, Anderson; ? ???????? (????)? "Advanced Spotters' Field Guide" (??????) ? US Department of Commerce ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? (PDF) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   |???????= ? ????????? ????? ( ??????? )
  16. ↑ "Gustnado" ? Glossary of Meteorology ? American Meteorological Society ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  17. ↑ ? ? ? ? ? Lyons, Walter A (????)? "Tornadoes"? The Handy Weather Answer Book (2nd Edition ???????)? Detroit, Michigan : Visible Ink press? ?????? pgs. 175?200? ????????   0-7876-1034-8 ?  
  18. ↑ Charles H. Jones (????)? "Severe Weather Climatology for New Mexico" ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   ????? ??????????? |coauthors= ??????? ??? ?????? ( |author= ????????? ??????? ????? ?????) ( ??????? )
  19. ↑ Schumacher, Phil (????)? "FAQ's of Summer Weather" ? National Weather Service, Sioux Falls, South Dakota ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  20. ↑ Edwards, Roger? "Wedge Tornado" ? National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  21. ↑ Edwards, Roger? "Rope Tornado" ? National Weather Service Storm Prediction Center ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  22. ↑ " Hallam Nebraska Tornado ." National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office, Omaha/Valley, NE . November 2, 2005.
  23. ↑ Doswell, Dr. Charles A, III? "The Tri-State Tornado of 18 March 1925 Reanalysis Project" ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? (Powerpoint Presentation) ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  24. ↑ ? ? Edwards, Roger? "Public Domain Tornado Images" ? National Severe Storms Laboratory ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  25. ↑ ? ? Lloyd, Linda Mercer (????)? Target: Tornado (Videotape)? Atlanta, Georgia : The Weather Channel Enterprises, Inc. ?  
  26. ↑ R. Monastersky ( 1999-05-15 )? "Oklahoma Tornado Sets Wind Record" ? Science News ? ?????? 308?309? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? 2006-10-20 ?   ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????= ( ??????? )
  27. ↑ Justice, Alonzo A (????)? "Seeing the Inside of a Tornado" (PDF) ? Monthly Weather Review ? American Meteorological Society ? ?????? 205?206 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   ????? ??????????? |month= ??????? ??? ?????? ( ??????? )
  28. ↑ Hall, Roy S. (????)? "Inside a Texas Tornado"? Tornadoes ? Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press? ?????? 59?65? ????????   0-7377-1473-5 ?  
  29. ↑ Davies-Jones, Robert (??????? ????)? "Streamwise Vorticity: The Origin of Updraft Rotation in Supercell Storms" ? Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ? American Meteorological Society ? 41 (20): 2991?3006 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   [ ??????????? ???????? ????? ]
  30. ↑ Rotunno, Richard (??????????? ????)? "On the Rotation and Propagation of Simulated Supercell Thunderstorms" ? Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ? American Meteorological Society ? 42 (3): 271?292? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   ????? ??????????? |coauthors= ??????? ??? ?????? ( |author= ????????? ??????? ????? ?????) ( ??????? )
  31. ↑ Wicker, Louis J. (????? ????)? "Simulation and Analysis of Tornado Development and Decay within a Three-Dimensional Supercell Thunderstorm" ? Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences ? American Meteorological Society ? 52 (15): 2675?2703? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   ????? ??????????? |coauthors= ??????? ??? ?????? ( |author= ????????? ??????? ????? ?????) ( ??????? )
  32. ↑ Forbes, Greg? "weather.com - Blog: The Weather Channel on weather news, hurricanes, tornadoes & meteorology" ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?  
  33. ↑ Monteverdi, John ( 2003-01-25 )? "Sunnyvale and Los Altos, CA Tornadoes May 4, 1998" ? ????-??-?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ? ???????? ????? 2006-10-20 ?   ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????= ( ??????? )
  34. ↑ Markowski, Straka, and Rasmussen (????-??-??)? "Tornadogenesis Resulting from the Transport of Circulation by a Downdraft: Idealized Numerical Simulations" ? ??????? ?? ???????????????? ???????? : Vol. 60, No. 6 ? ?????? 28 ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   [ ??????????? ???????? ????? ]
  35. ↑ Brooks, Harold E. ( 2004-04-01 )? "On the Relationship of Tornado Path Length and Width to Intensity" ? Weather and Forecasting : Vol. 19, No. 2 ? ?????? 310?319 ? ???????? ????? 2007-04-06 ?   ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????= ( ??????? )
  36. ↑ Edwards, Moller, Purpura; ? ???????? (????)? "Basic Spotters' Field Guide" (PDF) ? US Department of Commerce , National Weather Service ? ???????? ????? ????-??-?? ?   |???????= ? ????????? ????? ( ??????? )
  37. ↑ Dotzek, Nikolai, Jurgen Grieser, Harold E. Brooks ( 2003-03-01 )? "Statistical modeling of tornado intensity distributions" (PDF) ? Atmospheric Research : Vol. 67?68 ? ?????? 163?187 ? ???????? ????? 2007-04-06 ?   ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????: |?????= ( ??????? ) [ ??????????? ???????? ????? ]

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