??????????? 1

????????????? ?????????????
??????????? 1
????????????????????????????????
???????????? ?????????????????????? ????????????? ???????????????????
???????????? ????
????????????????????????????????
COSPAR ID 1977-084A [1]
SATCAT no. 10321 [2]
???????? voyager .jpl .nasa .gov
??????????
  • 46 ?? 8 ????? 7 ???
  • ???????????????: 3 ?? 3 ????? 9 ???
  • ????????????????????????: 43 ?? 4 ????? 29 ???
??????????????
???????????? ????????? ?????????-????????? (Mariner Jupiter-Saturn)
??????? ????????????????????????????????
???????????? 815 kg (1,797 lb) [3]
?????????? 470 ????? (???????????)
??????????????
????????????? 5 ??????? ?.?. 1977, 12:56:00 UTC
????????? Titan_IIIE
?????? สหรัฐ ???????????? 41 ??????????? ??????????????
?????????????
?????????????????? ???????????
??????? ???????????
??????????? 5 ?????? ?.?. 1979
??????? 349,000 km (217,000 mi)
??????? ????????
??????????? 12 ????????? ?.?. 1980
??????? 124,000 km (77,000 mi)
??????? ?????????????? (?????????????????)
??????????? 12 ????????? ?.?. 1980
??????? 6,490 km (4,030 mi)

???????????????????????????
?????????????????????
 
???????????????? ????????????/????????????/???????????? ???????????????????????????

??????????? 1 ( ?????? : Voyager 1 ) ???? ????????????? (space probe) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ??????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????????? 5 ??????? ?.?. 1977 ?????? ?????????????????? ???????????? 16 ?????????????????? ??????????? 2 ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????????????? (interstellar space) ????????????????????????? ????????????? (heliosphere) ??????????????????????????????????????? 46 ?? 8 ????? 8 ??? (??????? 13, 2024 UTC [ ?????? ] ) ?????????????????????? ??? ??????? ????????????????????? (DSN) ??????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? [4] ????????????????????????????????????????????????? 162.3 ??????????????? (24  ??????? ???????? ; 15 ??????? ???? ) ??????????? ??????? 2023 [5] ??????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????????????? ??? ????????? [6]

??????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??? ?????????????? (?????????????????????????????????) ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? [7] [8] [9] ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 2 ???????? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? 25 ??????? ?.?. 2012 [10] [11] ????????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (coronal mass ejection) ???????????????????????????? 15 ??????? ?.?. 2014 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [12]

??????????????? ?.?. 2017 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (TCM) ??????????????????????????? ?.?. 1980 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [13] ???????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2025 ???? ????????????????????????????????????????????? (RTG) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [14]

??????????? 12 ??????? ?.?. 2023 ??????????????????????????????????? "??????????? 1" ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? [15] ??????????? 18 ?????? 2024 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [16] [17] [18]

???????????????? [ ??? ]

??????? [ ??? ]

???? ?.?. 1964 ????????????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1970 [19] ????????????????????????????? ?????????? 10 ?????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [20] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [21]

?????????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????? " ????????? 11 " ???????????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ????????? ?????????-????????? (Mariner Jupiter-Saturn) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [22]

????????????????? [ ??? ]

??????????????????????????????????????????? 3.7 ???? ???? 12 ???

???????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????? ???? ??????? [23] [24] [25] ??????????????????????????????? ???????? 16 ??? ?? ???????? ??????????????? 3 ??? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (AACS) ????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? 8 ??? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? 11 ??????????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? [26]

??????????? [ ??? ]

???????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????? (Cassegrain) ?????????????????? ???? ????????????????? 3.7 ???? (12 ???) ????????????????????? ?????????? ???? ????????????????????? (Deep Space Network ???? DSN) ?????????????????????????????????? [27] ???????????????????????????????????????????????? 18 ????????????????? 2.3  ???? ??????? ???? 8.4 ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2.1 ??????????? [28]

????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??? ????????????????? (DTR) ??????????????????????????????? 67 ???????? ????????????????????????????????????? [29] ???????????????? 22 ???????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????? (??????????? 2023 ) [30]

???????????? [ ??? ]

???????? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? (Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator) ??? 3 ??????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????-238 ( 238 Pu) ????????????????????????? (PuO 2 ) ??????? 24 ??? [31] ??????????????????? 470 ????? ? ??????????????????? [32] ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????-238 ???????? ?????????? ??????? 87.7 ?? ????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2025 [26] [31]

  • ผังแท่งเก็บเชื้อเพลิงของเครื่องกำเนิดไฟฟ้าอาร์ทีจี แสดงลูกบอลเชื้อเพลิงพลูโตเนียม-238 ออกไซด์
    ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????-238 ???????
  • ผังชั้นโครงสร้างของเครื่องกำเนิดไฟฟ้าอาร์ทีจี แสดงชุดเทอร์โมคัปเปิลทำจากซิลิคอน-เจอมาเนียม
    ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????? - ??????????
  • แบบจำลองเครื่องกำเนิดไฟฟ้าอาร์ทีจี
    ??????????????????????????????????

??????????? ??????? 13 ????????????????-238 ?? ??????????? 1 ??????? 69.14% ?????????????????????? ????????????????????? 56.5% ???? ?.?. 2050 ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? 47.21% ???? ?.?. 2078, ??????? 28.92% ???? ?.?. 2106, ??????? 28.92% ???? ?.?. 2134 ?????????? 15.13% ???????? 1 ?????? ?.?. 2165 ??????????????-238 ????????????????????????????????????

??????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????? (Flight Data Subsystem: FDS) ????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1990 ???????????????????????????????????????????????? [33]

?????????????????????????? (Computer Command Subsystem: CCS) ?????????????????????????????? ???? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Viking Program) ??????? ?.?. 1970 ??????????????????????? (custom-built) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [34]

??????????????????????????????? (Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem: AACS) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? [35] [36]

??????????????????????????? [ ??? ]

??????????: ??????????????????
????????????? ?????? ??????????
??????????????????? (Imaging Science System)
??????????????? 		(ISS) ????????????????????????? 2 ??? ??? ???????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????
??????????
?????????????? [37]
???? ???????????? ???????? ????????
0 - ?? 280?640 ????????
4 - ?? 280?640 ????????
7 - ???? 280?370 ????????
1 - ???? 350?450 ????????
2 - ??????? 430?530 ????????
5 - ????? 530?640 ????????
6 - ????? 530?640 ????????
3 - ??? 590?640 ????????
???????????????? [38]
???? ???????????? ???????? ????????
2 - ?? 280?640 ????????
3 - ???? 350?450 ????????
1 - ??????? 430?530 ????????
6 - CH 4 -U 536?546 ????????
5 - ????? 530?640 ????????
4 - Na -D 588?590 ????????
7 - ??? 590?640 ????????
0 - CH 4 -JST 614?624 ????????
???????????????????? (Radio Science System)
???????????????? 		(RSS) ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (???????????? ??? ??????????????? ???????????) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ?????????
????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????? (Infrared Interferometer Spectrometer)
??????????????? 		(IRIS) ???????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????? ?????????
????????????? ?????????????? (Ultraviolet Spectrometer)
??????????????? 		(UVS) ????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????
????????? ?????????????? ????????? (Triaxial Fluxgate Magnetometer)
???????????? 		(MAG) ??????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????
?????? ?????????????? (Plasma Spectrometer)
??????????? 		(PLS) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 5 ?????????????????? 1 ???? ??????????????? ?????????
????????????????????????????????????? (Low Energy Charged Particle Instrument)
???????????? 		(LECP) ????????????????????????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ?????????
?????????????? ??????????? (Cosmic Ray System)
???????????? 		(CRS) ???????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????????????? (interstellar cosmic ray) ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????
????????????? ??????????????? (Planetary Radio Astronomy Investigation)
??????????????? 		(PRA) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????
????????????????????? ?????? (Photopolarimeter System)
??????????? 		(PPS) ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????
???????????????? ?????? (Plasma Wave System)
???????????? 		(PWS) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????
?????????????? ??????????? 1
??? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????
??? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????? 
Voyager 1 in the Space Simulator chamber
???????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? 1
???????????? ?????????????????? ??????????? 1  
Gold-Plated Record is attached to Voyager 1
Edward C. Stone ????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????? ???????????
Edward C. Stone ????????????????????? ???? ??????????????????????????? ???????????  
?????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????????????? 
????????????????????????????????? the Voyager spacecraft

???????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1981 ???????????????????????????? ???????????????

?????? ?????????
5 ??????? 1977 ????????????? ? ???? 12:56:00 (UTC)
10 ??????? 1977 ?????????????? ?????????????????
19 ??????? 1977 ???????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????? ??????????? 2 ( ???????? )
8 ??????? 1978 ??????????????????????????????
6 ?????? 1979 ???????????????????????????????
5 ?????? 1979 ???????????????????? ??????????????????????? (jovian system)
0 0 06:54 ?. 0 ??????????????????? ???????? ??????????? 420,200 ????????
0 0 12:05:26 ?. ??????????????? ??????????? ????????????????? 348,890 ??????????????????????????
0 0 15:14 ?. ??????????????????? ???? ??????????? 20,570 ????????
0 0 18:19 ?. ??????????????????? ?????? ??????????? 733,760 ????????
6 ?????? 1979
0 0 02:15 ?. ??????????????????? ??????? ??????????? 114,710 ????????
0 0 17:08 ?. ??????????????????? ???????? ??????????? 126,400 ????????
13 ?????? 1979 ????????????????????????????????
29 ?????? 1980 ???????????????????????????????????? (PPS) ??????????????????????
22 ??????? 1980 ???????????????????????????
12 ????????? 1980 ??????????????? ???????????????????? (saturnian system)
0 0 05:41:21 ?. ??????????????????? ????? ??????????? 6,490 ????????
0 0 22:16:32 ?. ??????????????????? ????? ??????????? 415,670 ????????
0 0 23:46:30 ?. ??????????????? ???????? ????????????????? 184,300 ??????????????????????????
13 ????????? 1980
0 0 01:43:12 ?. ??????????????????? ????? ??????????? 88,440 ????????
0 0 01:51:16 ?. ??????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? 202,040 ????????
0 0 06:21:53 ?. ??????????????????? ???? ??????????? 73,980 ????????
0 0 16:44:41 ?. ??????????????????? ????????? ??????????? 880,440 ????????
14 ????????? 1980 ?????????????????????????????
14 ????????? 1980 ?????????????????????
??????????????
14 ?????????? 1990 ????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????? ?????????????????

?????????????????????????????? 2 ??? (ISS) ????????????????

17 ?????????? 1998 ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????? 10 ??????????????? 69.419  ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? 1 ???????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? 10 ???????
3 ???????? 1998 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (IRIS) ????????????????
17 ??????? 2004 ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? 94 ??????????????? ?????????????? ?????????
1 ?????????? 2007 ??????????????????????????????????? (PLS) ????????????????
11 ?????? 2007 ????????????????????????????????????????????????
16 ?????? 2008 ??????????????????????????????????????? (PRA) ????????????????
25 ??????? 2012 ???????????????????? ????????? ??????? 121 ??????????????? ?????????? ???????????????
7 ??????? 2014 ????????????????????????? ???????????????
19 ?????? 2016 ?????????????????????????????????????????? (UVS) ????????????????
28 ????????? 2017 ???????????????????????????????????? (TCM) ???????????????????? 1980 [39]
5 ????????? 2023 ??????????? 1 ????????????? 162.3 ??????????????? (24.280  ??????? ???????? ; 15.087 ??????? ???? ) ???????????????????????? 161.64 ??????????????? (24.181  ??????? ???????? ; 15.025 ??????? ???? )

????????????????????? [ ??? ]

??????????? 1 ????????????????????? Titan IIIE
??????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????? ?? 1977 ????????? 31 ??????? 1981         ??????????? 1   ·         ???   ·         ???????????   ·         ????????   ·         ??????????
??????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????         ??????????? 1   ·         ???????????   ·         ?????????????   ·         ???????????????   ·        ????????? ???????   ·        ????????? ????????
????????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????

???????? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????????????? 5 ??????? ?.?. 1977 ? ????????????? 41 ??????????? ?????????????? ????????????? Titan IIIE ?????? 2 ?????????????????????? ??????????? 2 ????????????????????????????????????? 20 ????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????? 2 ?????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????????????????????????? [40] ???? ??????? ??????????? [41]

??????????????????? [ ??? ]

??????????: ???????????????????

???????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1979 ????????????????????????????????????????? 349,000 ???????? (217,000 ????) * ????????????????????????????? 5 ?????? ?.?. 1979 [40] ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????? ????????????????? ????????????????? (Van Allen Belts) ?????????????? 48 ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1979

???????? ??????? ???????????????????????????? ???? ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? (????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????) ?????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ?????????????? [40]

???????? ??????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????

  • ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ( ???????????????? )
  • ภาพถ่ายจุดแดงใหญ่ บนดาวพฤหัสบดีซึ่งเป็นพายุขนาดยักษ์หมุนทวนเข็มนาฬิกาที่มีขนาดใหญ่กว่าโลก
    ??????? ?????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
  • ภาพถ่ายลาวาซัลเฟอร์ปริมาณมหาศาลไหลออกมาจากปล่องภูเขาไฟรา พาทีราบนดวงจันทร์ไอโอ
    ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????????
  • ภาพถ่ายการปะทุของภูเขาไฟโลกิ พาทีรา ความสูง 160 กิโลเมตรจากพื้นผิวดวงจันทร์ไอโอ
    ???????????????????????? ???? ?????? ??????? 160 ?????????????????? ?????????????
  • ภาพถ่ายเส้นริ้วบนพื้นผิวดวงจันทร์ยูโรป้า เผยให้เห็นถึงพื้นผิวที่ยังมีการเคลื่อนตัวอยู่ ถจากระยะ 2.8 ล้านกิโลเมตร
    ???????????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? 2.8 ????????????
  • ภาพถ่ายจุดสีขาวแสดงพื้นผิวที่โดนทำลายทางธรณีวิทยาบนดวงจันทร์แกนีมีด จากระยะ 253,000 กิโลเมตร
    ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ??????? 253,000 ????????
????????????????????????????????? the Voyager 1 Jupiter encounter

???????????????? [ ??? ]

??????????: ????????????????

???????? ??????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? (gravitational assist trajectory) ????????????? ???????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????????? ?? ?.?. 1980 ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? (clound-tops) ???????????? 124,000 ???????? (77,000 ????) * ???????? 12 ????????? ?.?. 1980 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????? ?????????????????????? [42]

????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????? 7 (????????????? 11 ????????????????????????????) ??????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? 500 ????????????? (1,100 ??????????????) ??????????????????????????????????????? [41]

?????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????? (mid-latitudes) ??????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? (??????? 65 ????) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? (??????????????) ??????????????????????? 10 ??????? 39 ???? 24 ?????? [42]

???????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????????????? ????? ????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????? 11 ???? ?.?. 1979 ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? 6,400 km (4,000 mi) ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [43]

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? [44] ?????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 2 ??????????????????? [43] : 94  ???????????????????????????????????? [7] ??????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????? [43] : 155  ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ?.?. 1986 ??????? [9]

  • ภาพถ่ายรูปเสี้ยวของดาวเสาร์ที่ระยะห่าง 5.3 ล้านกิโลเมตร (4 วันหลังการเข้าใกล้ระยะใกล้สุด)
    ??????????????????? ???????? ??????????? 5.3 ???????????? (4 ?????????????????????????????)
  • ภาพถ่ายแนวแคบของวงแหวนดาวเสาร์ที่มีลักษณะเป็นเกลียวบิด
    ?????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????
  • ภาพถ่ายดวงจันทร์ไมมัสที่ระยะห่าง 425,000 กิโลเมตร ด้านขวาบนคือปล่องภูเขาไฟเฮอร์เชล
    ???????????????? ????? ??????????? 425,000 ???????? ???????????????????????? ????????
  • ภาพถ่ายดวงจันทร์ทีทิส และแนวหุบเขาทรุด อิธากา ชาสมา จากระยะ 1.2 ล้านกิโลเมตร
    ???????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????? 1.2 ????????????
  • ภาพถ่ายรอยแตกบนพื้นผิวดวงจันทร์ไดโอนี
    ??????????????????????????????? ??????
  • ภาพถ่ายพื้นผิวน้ำแข็งของดวงจันทร์รีอา (Rhea) ประกอบกับหลุมอุกกาบาต
    ????????????????????????????????? ???? (Rhea) ?????????????????????
  • ภาพถ่ายชั้นบรรยากาศที่หนาแน่นของดวงจันทร์ไททัน
    ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????
  • ภาพถ่ายรายละเอียดของกลุ่มเมฆของดวงจันทร์ไททันที่ประกอบไปด้วยสารประกอบอินทรีย์เชิงซ้อน
    ???????????????????????????????????????? ????? ????????????????????????????????????????
????????????????????????????????? the Voyager 1 Saturn encounter

??????????????????????? [ ??? ]

A set of grey squares trace roughly left to right. A few are labeled with single letters associated with a nearby colored square. J is near to a square labeled Jupiter; E to Earth; V to Venus; S to Saturn; U to Uranus; N to Neptune. A small spot appears at the center of each colored square
??? ?????????????? ????????????????? ?????????? 1
??? ?????????????? ?????? (12 ?????????? 2020)
????????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????? 14 ?????????? ?.?. 1990

???????? 14 ?????????? ?.?. 1990 ???????? ??????????? 1 ???????????? ????????????????? (family portrait) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? [45] ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [7]

???????? 17 ?????????? ?.?. 1998 ???????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????? 69

??????????????? ????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????? 10 ???????????????????????????????????????????? [46] [47] ???????????????????????????????????????? 17 ????????????????? (11 ?????????????) [48] ???????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? [49]

??? ??????????? 1 ????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????? (JPL) ????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??? 2 ??????????????? ????????? ????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ?????????????????????????? [50] ???? ?.?. 2013 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 17,030 ????????????? (55,900 ????????????) [51] ???????????????? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????? 325 ???????? (523×10 6 ????????) ????? [52] ?????????? 1 ????? ?? 18,000 ??

??????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????? ??????????? 1 ??? 2 ????????????????????????
??????? ????????? ???????????????????????? 6 ??????? ???????? (3.7 ??????? ????) * ??????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? (????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????) [53]

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????? ??????????? (termination shock) ????????????????? ?.?. 2003 [54] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (subsonic speed) ??????????? 100 ????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????? 6 ????????? ?.?. 2003 [55] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1990 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [56] [57] [58]

??? ????????? ?????????????????????????????? 6 ??????????????? (??????????????????????????????????????????????????????) ??????????????????????????????

?????????????? ?.?. 2005 ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????? (heliosheath) ????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? (American Geophysical Union: AGU) ????? ???????????? ?????? 25 ??????? ?.?. 2005 ??? ??.???? ???? ( Dr. Ed Stone ) ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2004 [59] ?????????????????????????? 15 ??????? ?.?. 2004 ?????????????????????????????? 94 ??????????????? [60] [61]

????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????? 4 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ( gravity assists ) ?????? ??????????? ?????????

???????? 31 ?????? ?.?. 2006 ????? ????????????????? ????????? ???????????????????????????? ???? AMSAT ??????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????? 20 ???? (66 ???) ???????? ????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? (DSN) ?????????????? ?????????? [62] ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??? [62]

?????? 13 ??????? ?.?. 2010 ??????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (Low Energy Charged Particle: LECP) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (interstellar wind) ??????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ?.?. 2010 ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? [63] [64] ??????????????????????????????????????? 116 ??????????????? (17.4 ??????? ????????; 10.8 ??????? ????) * [65]

???????? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2011 (?????? 33 ?????????????????) ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????? 70 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ???? ?.?. 1990) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? (α-Centauri) ?????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????? 1 ?????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???????? ??????????? 2 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? [66] [67]

?????????????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????? 21 ??????? ?.?. 2019 ?????????????? ?????????????? (equatorial coordinates) ??? ?????????? ??? 12.44 ????, ????????????? ??? 17.163 ??????? ??? ????????????? ??? 34.9 ???? (????????????????????????????) ?????????????????? ??????????????? (Ophiuchus) [7]

???????? 1 ??????? ?.?. 2011 ????????????????? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????? ?????-????? (Lyman-alpha) ??????????????????????????? ???????????? (Milky Way) ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????-?????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? [68]

?????????????????????????????? 5 ??????? ?.?. 2011 ?????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????????????????????????? "cosmic purgatory" ????????????????????????????????? (stagnation) ???????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 100 ?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 113 ??????????????? [69]

????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2012 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????? [70] ??? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? (interstellar space) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? (interstellar medium) ??????????????????????????? [71]

??? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2012 ????????????????????????????? 121 ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? 1 ??????????????? [72] [73] [74] [75] [76]

??????????????? ?.?. 2019 ????????????????????????????????? 20.11 ??????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????? 145 ??????????????? ??? ?????????????????? ??????? -15.9 ????? (??????????????????????????????????????? 30 ????) [77] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? 16.972 ????????????????? (10.434 ?????????????) ?????????????????????????????????? 17,676 ?????????????????????????????????? 1 ????? [77]

?????????? ?.?. 2012 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (??????? 70 ???? ??????????????? ) ???????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [78] Ed Roelof ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (LECP) ???????????? "????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????" [78] ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (??????????????????????? ??????????????? ) ?????????????????????? (??????????????????????????? 2 ???? [73] ) ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

???????? 3 ??????? ?.?. 2012 ??.???? ???? ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? (Caltech) ??????????? "??? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????" [79] ??????????????????????????????? 10 ?????????????????? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? [80] [81] [82]

???????????????? [ ??? ]

??????????? ?.?. 2013 ????????????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 25 ??????? ?.?. 2012 ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? 12 ??????? ?.?. 2013 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????? [83] [84]

???? ?.?. 2020 ??? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????????????????????????????? 3.6 ??????????????? (330 ???? ????; 540 ???? ????????) * ????? ????????? ??????????? 2 ??????????????????????????????????? 3.3 ??????????????? (310 ???? ????; 490 ???? ????????) * ????? [85] ?????? ??????????? 1 ??????????? ??????????? 2 ?????????????? ?????

??? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????????? 135 ??????????????? (12.5 ??????? ????; 20.2 ??????? ????????) * ???????? 18 ??????? ?.?. 2016 [86] ???????????????? 139.64 ??????????????? (12.980 ??????? ????; 20.890 ??????? ????????) * ???????? 5 ??????? ?.?. 2017 ??????????? 19 ?????????? ????????????? ??? ??????????? 2 ????????????????????? 115.32 ??????????????? (10.720 ??????? ????; 17.252 ??????? ????????) * [87]

??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (??????????????? ??????????????? ) [88]

  • กราฟแสดงอัตราการตรวจพบอนุภาคของรังสีคอสมิกที่เพิ่มขึ้นอย่างรวดจากยานวอยเอจเจอร์ 1 (ตุลาคม 2011 ถึง ตุลาคม 2012)
    ??????????????????????????????? ??????????? ????????????????????????????????????? 1 (?????? 2011 ??? ?????? 2012)
  • กราฟแสดงอัตราการตรวจพบอนุภาคของลมสุริยะที่ลดลงอย่างรวดจากยานวอยเอจเจอร์ 1 (ตุลาคม 2011 ถึง ตุลาคม 2012)
    ??????????????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????????? 1 (?????? 2011 ??? ?????? 2012)
??? ??????????? 1 ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????? ????????? ????????????
??? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????????

?????? 12 ??????? ?.?. 2013 ????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????????? ?.?. 2012 ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????? 25 ??????? ?.?. 2012 (?????? 10 ????????????? 34 ?????????????) ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [74] [75] [76] ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [75] ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [89]

?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 80 ?? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????? 9 ?????? ?.?. 2013 [75] ???????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2012 [72] (??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? 2 ?????????????????) [74] ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2012 [90] [91] ????????????????????????????

???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????????? ?.?. 1980 [76] ?????????????? ?.?. 2013 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????? [92]

??????????? ??????????? 1 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? 1 ?? 7 ??? ?????????????????????? ?????? ????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [73] [90]

??????????? ?.?. 2020 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ?????? ??????????? 2 ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (VLISM ???? very local interstellar medium) ???????????????????????????????????? [93] [94]

??????????????????? ?.?. 2021 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [95]

???????????????? [ ??? ]

????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????? 21 ?????????? 2013 [96]
??????????? ??????????? 1 ?????????????????? ??????????? 2 ??????? 2018
??????????????? 2 ???????????????????????????????? ??????????? 2 ??????? 2018

??????????? 1 ???????????? ???????? ????? 300 ?????????? [97] [98] ??????????????? 30,000 ?????????????????????? [73] [90] ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????? 40,000 ?? ?????????????????????? Gliese 445 ?????????? ????????????? ??? 1.6 ????? [99] ???????????????????????? ?????????? ?????????????????? 119 ????????????????? [99] ??????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????" ("The Voyagers are destined?perhaps eternally?to wander the Milky Way.") [100] ???????? 300,000 ????????????????????????????? TYC 3135-52-1 ????????????????????? M3V ???????? 1 ????? [101]

??????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ???????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? (heliocentric velocity) ???????????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????? ???? ?.?. 2019 ??? ???????????? ???????????????????????????? 14 ????????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? 1 ???????? 3 ???????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????? [102]

???? ?.?. 2017 ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? (trajectory correction maneuver: TCM) ??????? 4 ?????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 1980 ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ??????????? 2 ??? 3 ?? [103] [104]

??????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????????????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? [105]

??????????????????????????????????????????????????? (DTR) ????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????

????????? ?.?. 2020 ?????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????? 1 ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2025 ????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? [31] [105]

???????????? [ ??? ]

??????????: ??????????????????????????
?????????????????? ???????????
????????????????????????????????? ??????? 00:00:25 ???????????? ??????????

??????????????????????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? (Golden record) ?????????????????????????????????????? ????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? [106] ??????????????????????????????????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ?????? 55 ???? (???? ??? ???????????????????? ???????????????????????? ??????? ? ????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????? "????????? ?????????????? ?????????????????????????????­????????????") ????????????????? "???????????" ????????????????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????????????????????? [107]

??????? [ ??? ]

?????????? ??????????????? ???????????????????? 5 ???????????????????????????????????????????? (??????????) ????????????? (?????) ??????? 2020 ????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????? 1 ?????????????? ????????????? 5 ??

??????? [ ??? ]

  1. ↑ "Voyager 1" . NSSDC Master Catalog . NASA/NSSDC. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? 14, 2013 . ??????????? ??????? 21, 2013 .
  2. ↑ "Voyager 1" . N2YO . ??????????? August 21, 2013 .
  3. ↑ "NASA - Voyager Facts" . NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center website. ???? ????????????????? December 10, 2022 . ??????????? May 20, 2023 .
  4. ↑ https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/mission/status/
  5. ↑ "Voyager - Mission Status" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . National Aeronautics and Space Administration . ???? ????????????????? January 1, 2018 . ??????????? January 7, 2023 .
  6. ↑ "Voyager 1" . BBC Solar System . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? ?????????? 3, 2018 . ??????????? ??????? 4, 2018 .
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Voyager ? Frequently Asked Questions" . NASA. February 14, 1990. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2021-10-21 . ??????????? August 4, 2017 .
  8. ↑ "New Horizons conducts flyby of Pluto in historic Kuiper Belt encounter" . ??????????? September 2, 2015 .
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 "What If Voyager Had Explored Pluto?" . ??????????? September 2, 2015 .
  10. ↑ "Interstellar Mission" . NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory . ???? ????????????????? September 14, 2017 . ??????????? August 24, 2020 .
  11. ↑ Barnes, Brooks (September 12, 2013). "In a Breathtaking First, NASA Craft Exits the Solar System" . New York Times . ??????????? September 12, 2013 .
  12. ↑ Claven, Whitney (July 7, 2014). "Sun Sends More 'Tsunami Waves' to Voyager 1" . NASA . ??????????? July 8, 2014 .
  13. ↑ Wall, Mike (December 1, 2017). "Voyager 1 Just Fired Up its Backup Thrusters for the 1st Time in 37 Years" . Space.com . ??????????? December 3, 2017 .
  14. ↑ "Voyager ? Frequently Asked Question" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . ??????????? July 30, 2020 .
  15. ↑ Paul, Andrew (December 14, 2023). "Voyager 1 is sending back bad data, but NASA is on it" . Popular Science (?????????????????????). ???? ????????????????? December 22, 2023 . ??????????? December 15, 2023 .
  16. ↑ Hartono, Naomi (2024-04-04). "Engineers Pinpoint Cause of Voyager 1 Issue, Are Working on Solution ? Voyager" . blogs.nasa.gov (?????????????????????). ???? ????????????????? April 12, 2024 . ??????????? 2024-04-13 .
  17. ↑ "NASA's Voyager 1 Resumes Sending Engineering Updates to Earth" . NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) (?????????????????????). ???? ????????????????? April 22, 2024 . ??????????? 2024-04-22 .
  18. ↑ Strickland, Ashley (2024-04-22). "Voyager 1 is sending data back to Earth for the first time in 5 months" . CNN (??????????). ???? ????????????????? April 24, 2024 . ??????????? 2024-04-24 .
  19. ↑ "1960s" . JPL. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? 8, 2012 . ??????????? ??????? 18, 2013 .
  20. ↑ "The Pioneer missions" . NASA. 2007. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2011-06-29 . ??????????? August 19, 2013 .
  21. ↑ "Preview Screening: The Farthest - Voyager in Space" . informal.jpl.nasa.gov . NASA Museum Alliance. August 2017 . ??????????? August 18, 2019 . supermarket aluminum foil added at the last minute to protect the craft from radiation
  22. ↑ Mack, Pamela (1998). "Chapter 11" . From engineering science to big science: The NACA and NASA Collier Trophy research project winners . History Office . p. 251. ISBN   978-0-16-049640-0 .
  23. ↑ Landau, Elizabeth (October 2, 2013). "Voyager 1 becomes first human-made object to leave solar system" . CNN . CNN . ??????????? May 29, 2014 .
  24. ↑ "NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey into Interstellar Space" . NASA . September 12, 2013 . ??????????? May 29, 2014 . NASA's Voyager 1 spacecraft officially is the first human-made object to venture into interstellar space.
  25. ↑ "Viking: Trailblazer for All Mars Research" . NASA . June 22, 2006. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2014-07-23 . ??????????? May 29, 2014 . All of these missions relied on Viking technologies. As it did for the Viking program team in 1976, Mars continues to hold a special fascination. Thanks to the dedication of men and women working at NASA centers across the country, the mysterious Mars of our past is becoming a much more familiar place.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 "VOYAGER 1:Host Information" . JPL. 1989 . ??????????? April 29, 2015 .
  27. ↑ "High Gain Antenna" . JPL . ??????????? August 18, 2013 .
  28. ↑ Ludwig, Roger; Taylor, Jim (March 2002). "Voyager Telecommunications" (PDF) . DESCANSO Design and Performance Summary Series . NASA/JPL . ??????????? September 16, 2013 .
  29. ↑ "NASA News Press Kit 77?136" . JPL/NASA . ??????????? December 15, 2014 .
  30. ↑ "Voyager - Mission Status" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . National Aeronautics and Space Administration . ??????????? February 16, 2019 .
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 31.2 Furlong, Richard R.; Wahlquist, Earl J. (1999). "U.S. space missions using radioisotope power systems" (PDF) . Nuclear News . 42 (4): 26?34. ????????????????????? ????????? (PDF) ????? 2018-10-16 . ??????????? 2019-02-07 .
  32. ↑ "Spacecraft Lifetime" . JPL . ??????????? August 19, 2013 .
  33. ↑ "pds-rings" . ??????????? May 23, 2015 .
  34. ↑ Tomayko, James (April 1987). "Computers in Spaceflight: The NASA Experience" . NASA . ??????????? February 6, 2010 .
  35. ↑ "au.af" . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2015-10-16 . ??????????? May 23, 2015 .
  36. ↑ "airandspace" . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2016-04-06 . ??????????? May 23, 2015 .
  37. ↑ "Voyager 1 Narrow Angle Camera Description" . NASA . ??????????? January 17, 2011 .
  38. ↑ "Voyager 1 Wide Angle Camera Description" . NASA . ??????????? January 17, 2011 .
  39. ↑ Greicius, Tony (2017-12-01). "Voyager 1 Fires Up Thrusters After 37 Years" . NASA (??????????). ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2021-02-19 . ??????????? 2017-12-13 .
  40. ↑ 40.0 40.1 40.2 "Encounter with Jupiter" . NASA . ??????????? August 18, 2013 .
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 "Planetary voyage" . NASA . ??????????? August 18, 2013 .
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 "Encounter with saturn" . NASA . ??????????? August 29, 2013 .
  43. ↑ 43.0 43.1 43.2 Jim Bell (February 24, 2015). The Interstellar Age: Inside the Forty-Year Voyager Mission . Penguin Publishing Group. p. 93. ISBN   978-0-698-18615-6 .
  44. ↑ David W. Swift (January 1, 1997). Voyager Tales: Personal Views of the Grand Tour . AIAA. p. 69. ISBN   978-1-56347-252-7 .
  45. ↑ "Photo Caption" . Public Information Office . ??????????? August 26, 2010 .
  46. ↑ "Voyager 1 now most distant man-made object in space" . CNN. ?????????? 17, 1998. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? 1, 2012 . ??????????? ??????? 1, 2012 .
  47. ↑ Clark, Stuart (September 13, 2013). "Voyager 1 leaving solar system matches feats of great human explorers" . The Guardian .
  48. ↑ Webb, Stephen (October 4, 2002). If the Universe is Teeming with Aliens … WHERE IS EVERYBODY?: Fifty Solutions to the Fermi Paradox and the Problem of Extraterrestrial Life . ISBN   978-0-387-95501-8 .
  49. ↑ Darling, David. "Fastest Spacecraft" . ??????????? August 19, 2013 .
  50. ↑ "Voyager 1 in heliopause" . JPL . ??????????? August 18, 2013 .
  51. ↑ "Voyager Mission Operations Status Report # 2013-09-06, Week Ending September 6, 2013" . JPL . ??????????? September 15, 2013 .
  52. ↑ Wall, Mike (September 12, 2013). "It's Official! Voyager 1 Spacecraft Has Left Solar System" . Space.com . ??????????? May 30, 2014 .
  53. ↑ Staff (February 12, 2020). "Pale Blue Dot Revisited" . NASA . ??????????? February 12, 2020 .
  54. ↑ Tobin, Kate (November 5, 2003). "Spacecraft reaches edge of Solar System" . CNN . ??????????? August 19, 2013 .
  55. ↑ Fisk, Len A. (2003). "Planetary Science: Over the edge?" (PDF) . Nature . 426 (6962): 21?2. Bibcode : 2003Natur.426...21F . doi : 10.1038/426021a . PMID   14603294 .
  56. ↑ Krimigis, S. M.; Decker, R. B.; Hill, M. E.; Armstrong, T. P.; Gloeckler, G.; Hamilton, D. C.; Lanzerotti, L. J.; Roelof, E. C. (2003). "Voyager 1 exited the solar wind at a distance of ∼85 au from the Sun". Nature . 426 (6962): 45?8. Bibcode : 2003Natur.426...45K . doi : 10.1038/nature02068 . PMID   14603311 .
  57. ↑ McDonald, Frank B.; Stone, Edward C.; Cummings, Alan C.; Heikkila, Bryant; Lal, Nand; Webber, William R. (2003). "Enhancements of energetic particles near the heliospheric termination shock". Nature . 426 (6962): 48?51. Bibcode : 2003Natur.426...48M . doi : 10.1038/nature02066 . PMID   14603312 .
  58. ↑ Burlaga, L. F. (2003). "Search for the heliosheath with Voyager 1 magnetic field measurements" (PDF) . Geophysical Research Letters . 30 (20): n/a. Bibcode : 2003GeoRL..30.2072B . doi : 10.1029/2003GL018291 .
  59. ↑ "Voyager crosses termination shock" . ??????????? August 29, 2013 .
  60. ↑ "Voyager crosses termination shock" . ??????????? August 29, 2013 .
  61. ↑ "Voyager Timeline" . NASA/JPL. February 2013 . ??????????? December 2, 2013 .
  62. ↑ 62.0 62.1 "ARRL article" (???????????). AMSAT-DL. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? October 14, 2006. "ARRL article" .
  63. ↑ "Voyager 1 Sees Solar Wind Decline" . NASA. ??????? 13, 2010. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? 22, 2011 . ??????????? ??????? 16, 2013 .
  64. ↑ Krimigis, S. M.; Roelof, E. C.; Decker, R. B.; Hill, M. E. (2011). "Zero outward flow velocity for plasma in a heliosheath transition layer". Nature . 474 (7351): 359?361. Bibcode : 2011Natur.474..359K . doi : 10.1038/nature10115 . PMID   21677754 .
  65. ↑ Amos, Jonathan (December 14, 2010). "Voyager near Solar System's edge" . BBC News . ??????????? December 21, 2010 .
  66. ↑ NASA. "Voyager ? The Interstellar Mission" . NASA . ??????????? September 16, 2013 .
  67. ↑ "Voyager: Still dancing 17 billion km from Earth" . BBC News . March 9, 2011.
  68. ↑ "Voyager Probes Detect "invisible" Milky Way Glow" . National Geographic. December 1, 2011 . ??????????? December 4, 2011 .
  69. ↑ "Spacecraft enters 'cosmic purgatory' " . CNN . December 6, 2011. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2019-06-07 . ??????????? December 7, 2011 .
  70. ↑ "NASA Voyager 1 Spacecraft Nears Interstellar Space" . Space.com . ??????????? August 19, 2013 .
  71. ↑ "Data From NASA's Voyager 1 Point to Interstellar Future" . NASA . June 14, 2012. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2012-06-17 . ??????????? June 16, 2012 .
  72. ↑ 72.0 72.1 Cook, J.-R. C.; Agle, D.C.; Brown, D. (September 12, 2013). "NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey into Interstellar Space" . NASA . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2020-04-13 . ??????????? September 14, 2013 .
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 73.2 73.3 Ghose, Tia (September 13, 2013). "Voyager 1 Really Is in Interstellar Space: How NASA Knows" . Space.com . TechMedia Network . ??????????? September 14, 2013 .
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 Cowen, R. (2013). "Voyager 1 has reached interstellar space". Nature . doi : 10.1038/nature.2013.13735 .
  75. ↑ 75.0 75.1 75.2 75.3 Kerr, R. A. (2013). "It's Official?Voyager Has Left the Solar System". Science . 341 (6151): 1158?1159. doi : 10.1126/science.341.6151.1158 . PMID   24030991 .
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 76.2 Gurnett, D. A.; Kurth, W. S.; Burlaga, L. F.; Ness, N. F. (2013). "In Situ Observations of Interstellar Plasma with Voyager 1". Science . 341 (6153): 1489?1492. Bibcode : 2013Sci...341.1489G . doi : 10.1126/science.1241681 . PMID   24030496 .
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Thongoon, Kiattisak (June 7, 2019). "Spacecraft escaping the Solar System" . Heavens-Above . ??????????? June 7, 2019 .
  78. ↑ 78.0 78.1 Wolchover, Natalie. "Did NASA's Voyager 1 Spacecraft Just Exit the Solar System?" . livescience . ??????????? August 20, 2013 .
  79. ↑ Matson, John (December 4, 2012). "Despite Tantalizing Hints, Voyager 1 Has Not Crossed into the Interstellar Medium" . Scientific American . ??????????? August 20, 2013 .
  80. ↑ "Voyager 1 Can 'Taste' the Interstellar Shore" . Discovery News . Discovery Channel. December 3, 2012. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2012-12-05 . ??????????? September 16, 2013 .
  81. ↑ Oakes, Kelly (December 3, 2012). "Voyager 1 is still not out of the Solar System" . Basic Space Blog . Scientific American . ??????????? September 16, 2013 .
  82. ↑ "Voyager 1 probe leaving Solar System reaches 'magnetic highway' exit" . Daily News & Analysis. Reuters. December 4, 2012 . ??????????? December 4, 2012 .
  83. ↑ "Voyager 1 has entered a new region of space, sudden changes in cosmic rays indicate" . American Geophysical Union. March 20, 2013. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? March 22, 2013.
  84. ↑ Cook, J.-R (September 12, 2013). "How Do We Know When Voyager Reaches Interstellar Space?" . NASA / Jet Propulsion Lab . ??????????? September 15, 2013 .
  85. ↑ "Voyager - Fast Facts" . voyager.jpl.nasa.gov .
  86. ↑ "Voyager - Mission Status" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . National Aeronautics and Space Administration . ??????????? November 21, 2021 .
  87. ↑ "Voyager - Mission Status" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . National Aeronautics and Space Administration . ??????????? November 21, 2021 .
  88. ↑ "Voyager - Mission Status" . Jet Propulsion Laboratory . National Aeronautics and Space Administration . ??????????? November 21, 2021 .
  89. ↑ Swisdak, M.; Drake, J. F.; Opher, M. (2013). "A Porous, Layered Heliopause". The Astrophysical Journal . 774 (1): L8. arXiv : 1307.0850 . Bibcode : 2013ApJ...774L...8S . doi : 10.1088/2041-8205/774/1/L8 .
  90. ↑ 90.0 90.1 90.2 Cook, J.-R (September 12, 2013). "How Do We Know When Voyager Reaches Interstellar Space?" . NASA / Jet Propulsion Lab . ??????????? September 15, 2013 .
  91. ↑ Morin, Monte (September 12, 2013). "NASA confirms Voyager 1 has left the Solar System" . Los Angeles Times .
  92. ↑ "Voyage 1 Records "Sounds" of Interstellar Space" . Space.com . ??????????? December 20, 2013 .
  93. ↑ Starr, Michelle (October 19, 2020). "Voyager Spacecraft Detect an Increase in The Density of Space Outside The Solar System" . ScienceAlert . ??????????? October 19, 2020 .
  94. ↑ Kurth, W.S.; Gurnett, D.A. (August 25, 2020). "Observations of a Radial Density Gradient in the Very Local Interstellar Medium by Voyager 2" . The Astrophysical Journal Letters . 900 (1): L1. Bibcode : 2020ApJ...900L...1K . doi : 10.3847/2041-8213/abae58 . S2CID   225312823 . ??????????? October 19, 2020 .
  95. ↑ Hatfield, Miles; Cofield, Calla (May 11, 2021). "As NASA's Voyager 1 Surveys Interstellar Space, Its Density Measurements Are Making Waves" . NASA . ??????????? May 11, 2021 .
  96. ↑ "Voyager Signal Spotted By Earth Radio Telescopes" . NASA . NASA TV. September 5, 2013 . ??????????? 2015-05-20 .
  97. ↑ "Catalog Page for PIA17046" . Photo Journal . NASA . ??????????? April 27, 2014 .
  98. ↑ "It's Official: Voyager 1 Is Now In Interstellar Space" . UniverseToday . 2013-09-12 . ??????????? April 27, 2014 .
  99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 "Voyager ? Mission ? Interstellar Mission" . NASA. August 9, 2010 . ??????????? March 17, 2011 .
  100. ↑ "Future" . NASA . ??????????? October 13, 2013 .
  101. ↑ Bailer-Jones, Coryn A. L.; Farnocchia, Davide (3 April 2019). "Future stellar flybys of the Voyager and Pioneer spacecraft". Research Notes of the AAS . RNAAS 3, 59. 3 (4): 59. Bibcode : 2019RNAAS...3d..59B . doi : 10.3847/2515-5172/ab158e .
  102. ↑ "New Horizons Salutes Voyager" . New Horizons. ??????? 17, 2006. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? ?????? 9, 2011 . ??????????? ????????? 3, 2009 .
  103. ↑ "Voyager 1 spacecraft thrusters fire up after decades idle" . The Irish Times . December 4, 2017.
  104. ↑ "Voyager 1 Fires Up Thrusters After 37 Years" . NASA . December 1, 2017. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2021-02-19 . ??????????? 2019-02-21 .
  105. ↑ 105.0 105.1 "Voyager - Mission Status" . voyager.jpl.nasa.gov .
  106. ↑ Ferris, Timothy (May 2012). "Timothy Ferris on Voyagers' Never-Ending Journey" . Smithsonian Magazine . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2013-11-04 . ??????????? August 19, 2013 .
  107. ↑ "Voyager Golden record" . JPL . ??????????? August 18, 2013 .

??????????????? [ ??? ]

?????????????????? ?????????????????????? ??????????? 1
Stub icon

?????? ??????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

?????????? ?????????:???????????

?????????? " https://th.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=???????????_1&oldid=11466640 "