????????????? ?????????????
| ??????????????????
???????
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??
???????????
??????
|
22°10′N
113°33′E
/
22.167°N 113.550°E
/
22.167; 113.550
??????
[7]
[d]
????
?????????
[7]
???????????????
???????????????????????????????????????????
[e]
?????????????????????????????????????? ?????????
??????????????
????
?.?. 2542
????
????????
???
?????
????????????????????????????
??????????????? 16
????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????
???????????????????
?????
?.?. 2542
????????
??????????????
?????? ????????????? ??????????????????????????? “??????????????????” ???????? 50 ?? ????????? 19 ??????? 2542 ??????????? 19 ??????? ?.?. 2592
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????? 16
???
??????????????? 19
??????????????????????????????????
????????????
???????????
???????????
????????????
???
??????????
???????????
?????????
(Macanese) ?????????????????? ? ??????????????????????????????????? ??????????? ???????
???????????
????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????? ? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????? ????????
??????????????
?????????????????? ??????
????
,
????
???
????????
???????????????????
[
???
]
|
????????????????????????????? 8 ??? (
Parishes
)
|
???????
[
???
]
- ?????????
- ????????????
??????????????????????
95% ???????????????
????????
??????????
???????????
???
???
?????
[
???
]
- ?????????
50%
???????????
15% ???????????????? ?35%
?????????????????
[
???
]
????????
[
???
]
- ↑
1.0
1.1
???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????
???????????????????
?????????????????????????????
??????????
- ↑
2.0
2.1
????????????? ??????????????????????
???????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????
- ↑
????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????
[6]
- ↑
??????
:
Macau, Macao
;
????????????:
[m??kaw]
????
???
:
澳門
;
??????
:
Aomen
, ?????????; 馬交 ???????;
????????????:
[?u.m?ːn]
, ???????, Ou3 mun2
- ↑
??????
:
Macao Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (MSAR)
;
???
:
中華人民共和國澳門特別行政區
;
???????????
:
Oumun Dahkbiht Hahngjingk?ui
;
????????
:
Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau da Republica Popular da China
(RAEM)
???????
[
???
]
??????
[
???
]
????????????
[
???
]
???????????????????
[
???
]
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"Legal Hybridity in Hong Kong and Macau"
.
Journal of Contemporary China
.
57
(4): 665?720.
doi
:
10.7202/1013028ar
.
- Chan, Ming K. (2003).
"Different Roads to Home: The Retrocession of Hong Kong and Macau to Chinese Sovereignty"
(PDF)
.
Journal of Contemporary China
.
12
(36): 493?518.
doi
:
10.1080/10670560305473
.
S2CID
925886
.
????
(PDF)
????????????????? 24 June 2018
. ???????????
18 January
2021
.
- de Sousa, Trigo (2009).
"Macau in the Colonial Period (1557?1949)"
(PDF)
.
Regional Integration and Differentiation in a Globalizing China: The Blending of Government and Business in Post-Colonial Macau
(??????????? PhD).
University of Amsterdam
.
????
(PDF)
????????????????? 14 February 2019
. ???????????
14 February
2019
.
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.
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.
38
(1): 73?99.
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:
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.
- Godinho, Jorge (2014).
"Casino Gaming in Macau: Evolution, Regulation and Challenges"
.
UNLV Gaming Law Journal
.
5
(1): 1?26.
????
????????????????? 31 March 2015
. ???????????
19 February
2019
.
- Grydehøj, Adam (2015).
"Making Ground, Losing Space: Land Reclamation and Urban Public Space in Island Cities"
.
Urban Island Studies
.
1
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:
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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.
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11
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????
(PDF)
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. ???????????
8 February
2019
.
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.
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38
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:
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.
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.
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.
15
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????
????????????????? 8 April 2020
. ???????????
14 February
2019
.
- Mok, K.M.; Hoi, K.I. (2005). "Effects of Meteorological Conditions on PM
10
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.
102
(1?3): 201?223.
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:
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.
PMID
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.
S2CID
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.
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24
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.
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.
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.
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.
JSTOR
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.
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.
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.
75
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doi
:
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.
- Sheng, Ni; Tang, U Wa; Grydehøj, Adam (2017).
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.
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.
12
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doi
:
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.
- Sit, Victor F.S. (1991).
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.
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.
6
: 63?88.
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.
- Tang, Kwok-Chun; Bray, Mark (2000). "Colonial Models and the Evolution of Education Systems: Centralization and Decentralization in Hong Kong and Macau".
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.
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(5): 468?485.
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:
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.
hdl
:
10722/42080
.
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32
: 115?123.
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.
- Yu, Elio Wing-yat; Chin, Natalie Ka-man (2012). "The Political Opposition and Democracy in Macao: Revolutionaries or Loyalists?".
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47
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:
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.
JSTOR
26350258
.
S2CID
145507276
.
???????????
[
???
]
???????????
[
???
]
- Garrett, Richard J. (2010).
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.
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.
ISBN
978-988-8028-49-8
.
????
????????????????? 8 April 2020
. ???????????
14 February
2019
.
- Hao, Zhidong (2011).
Macau History and Society
.
Hong Kong University Press
.
ISBN
978-988-8028-54-2
.
????
????????????????? 8 April 2020
. ???????????
14 November
2015
.
- Long, Lucy M. (2015).
Ethnic American Food Today: A Cultural Encyclopedia
.
Rowman & Littlefield
.
ISBN
978-1-4422-2730-9
.
????
????????????????? 8 April 2020
. ???????????
25 February
2019
.
- Lourido, Rui D'Avila (2000). "The Impact of the Silk Trade: Macau ? Manila, from the Beginning to 1640". ?? Elisseeff, Vadime (?.?.).
The Silk Roads: Highways of Culture and Commerce
.
Berghahn Books
. pp. 209?247.
ISBN
978-1-57181-222-3
.
????
????????????????? 8 April 2020
. ???????????
14 February
2019
.
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(PDF)
. Government Information Bureau.
ISBN
978-999-3756-44-6
.
????
(PDF)
????????????????? 20 February 2019
. ???????????
20 February
2019
.
- Mallon, Bill; Heijmans, Jeroen (2011).
Historical Dictionary of the Olympic Movement
.
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.
ISBN
978-0-8108-7249-3
.
????
????????????????? 8 April 2020
. ???????????
28 February
2019
.
- McManus, Chris (2004).
Right Hand, Left Hand: The Origins of Asymmetry in Brains, Bodies, Atoms and Cultures
.
Harvard University Press
.
ISBN
978-067-4016-13-2
.
????
????????????????? 8 April 2020
. ???????????
16 February
2019
.
- Mendes, Carmen Amado (2013).
Portugal, China and the Macau Negotiations, 1986?1999
.
Hong Kong University Press
.
ISBN
978-988-8139-00-2
.
????
????????????????? 23 February 2019
. ???????????
14 February
2019
.
- Minahan, James B. (2014).
Ethnic Groups of North, East, and Central Asia: An Encyclopedia
.
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.
ISBN
978-1-61069-017-1
.
????
????????????????? 7 June 2020
. ???????????
30 May
2020
.
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Entrepreneurs and Enterprises in Macau: A Study of Industrial Development
.
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.
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.
????
????????????????? 23 February 2019
. ???????????
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2019
.
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. China Academic Library. Springer.
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.
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.
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.
????
????????????????? 8 April 2020
. ???????????
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.
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. ?? Twitchett, Denis; Mote, Frederick W. (?.?.).
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.
????
????????????????? 2 May 2019
. ???????????
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.
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.
????
????????????????? 8 April 2020
. ???????????
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. ??
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; Kawakatsu, Heita (?.?.).
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.
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.
????
????????????????? 22 May 2020
. ???????????
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??????????
[
???
]
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.
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????
????????????????? 15 February 2019
. ???????????
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.
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.
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.
????
????????????????? 16 February 2019
. ???????????
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.
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.
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.
????
????????????????? 7 March 2019
. ???????????
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.
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.
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????
????????????????? 7 April 2019
. ???????????
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.
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.
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????
????????????????? 17 April 2019
. ???????????
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.
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.
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????
????????????????? 26 February 2019
. ???????????
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2019
.
???????????????
[
???
]
- ??????
- ??????
- ??????
|
---|
????????
| |
---|
?????????
| |
---|
??????????
| |
---|
???????
| |
---|
???? ?
| |
---|