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? ??????????	6.0%
HDI (?.?. 2018)	0.867 ( ??? 2 ????????? ) ? ??????
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????????? ???? ??????? ( ??? : 上海 ; ?????? : Shangh?i , ????????? ?????????????? : [?âŋ.xài] ( ???????? ) , ????????? ????????????? [z???.h??] ) ?????????????? ??????????????? ??? ??????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????? ????? ?????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ?.?. 2019 ????? 24.28 ?????? ????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??? ???????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????>

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??????? ? ????????????????? [ ??? ]

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??????? [ ??? ]

↑ "The Shanghainese of 6000 Years Ago ? the Majiabang Culture" . Shanghai Qingpu Museum. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 4 ?????? 2017 . ??????????? 15 ??????? 2017 .
↑ 上海?浦????址 [Ruins of Qinglong Town in Qingpu, Shanghai]. Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences . 24 March 2017. ???? ????????????????? 31 August 2017 . ??????????? 16 July 2017 .
↑ 上海?、上海?、上海?城考? (???????). Government of Shanghai. ???? ????????????????? 5 ?????? 2016 . ??????????? 10 ????????? 2017 .
↑ "Doing Business in China ? Survey" . Ministry Of Commerce ? People's Republic Of China. ???? ????????????????? 26 ??????? 2014 . ??????????? 5 ??????? 2013 .
↑ "Land Area" . Basic Facts . Shanghai Municipal People's Government. ???? ????????????????? 3 ?????? 2011 . ??????????? 19 ??????? 2011 .
↑ "Water Resources" . Basic Facts . Shanghai Municipal People's Government. ???? ????????????????? 3 October 2011 . ??????????? 19 July 2011 .
↑ Cox, W. (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF) . St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22. ???? (PDF) ????????????????? 3 May 2018 . ??????????? 15 June 2018 .
↑ "Topographic Features" . Basic Facts . Shanghai Municipal People's Government. ???? ????????????????? 3 October 2011 . ??????????? 19 July 2011 .
↑ ^9.0 ^9.1 2019年上海市?民??和社??展??公? [Statistical Communique of Shanghai on the 2019 National Economic and Social Development]. tjj.sh.gov.cn (???????). Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau. 9 March 2020. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2020-03-24 . ??????????? 24 March 2020 .
↑ Justina, Crabtree (20 September 2016). "A tale of megacities: China's largest metropolises" . CNBC . ???? ????????????????? 9 December 2017 . ??????????? 8 December 2017 .
↑ "Subnational Human Development Index" . Global Data Lab China. 2020 . ??????????? 9 ?????? 2020 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: url-status ( ????? )
↑ ^12.0 ^12.1 "崇明??·走?崇明" . www.shcm.gov.cn . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2021-08-11 . ??????????? 2021-08-11 .

??????????????? [ ??? ]

????????????????????????????????? Shanghai
?????????????? ( ???????? 25 ???????? 2008 ??? ?????????????? )
ShanghaiEye ? English news website of SMG
????????? ??????????? Curlie
WikiSatellite ????????? ?? ??????????
????????????????????????????????????? Shanghai ??? ??????????????

???????????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????????????????????????? ???????????????

[1] "The Shanghainese of 6000 Years Ago ? the Majiabang Culture" . Shanghai Qingpu Museum. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 4 ?????? 2017 . ??????????? 15 ??????? 2017 .

[kaogu-2] 上海?浦????址 [Ruins of Qinglong Town in Qingpu, Shanghai]. Institute of Archaeology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences . 24 March 2017. ???? ????????????????? 31 August 2017 . ??????????? 16 July 2017 .

[3] 上海?、上海?、上海?城考? (???????). Government of Shanghai. ???? ????????????????? 5 ?????? 2016 . ??????????? 10 ????????? 2017 .

[mofcom-4] "Doing Business in China ? Survey" . Ministry Of Commerce ? People's Republic Of China. ???? ????????????????? 26 ??????? 2014 . ??????????? 5 ??????? 2013 .

[landarea-5] "Land Area" . Basic Facts . Shanghai Municipal People's Government. ???? ????????????????? 3 ?????? 2011 . ??????????? 19 ??????? 2011 .

[waterresources-6] "Water Resources" . Basic Facts . Shanghai Municipal People's Government. ???? ????????????????? 3 October 2011 . ??????????? 19 July 2011 .

[demog14-7] Cox, W. (2018). Demographia World Urban Areas. 14th Annual Edition (PDF) . St. Louis: Demographia. p. 22. ???? (PDF) ????????????????? 3 May 2018 . ??????????? 15 June 2018 .

[topo-8] "Topographic Features" . Basic Facts . Shanghai Municipal People's Government. ???? ????????????????? 3 October 2011 . ??????????? 19 July 2011 .

[SHECO2019-9] 9.0 ^9.1 2019年上海市?民??和社??展??公? [Statistical Communique of Shanghai on the 2019 National Economic and Social Development]. tjj.sh.gov.cn (???????). Shanghai Municipal Statistics Bureau. 9 March 2020. ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2020-03-24 . ??????????? 24 March 2020 .

[OECD-10] Justina, Crabtree (20 September 2016). "A tale of megacities: China's largest metropolises" . CNBC . ???? ????????????????? 9 December 2017 . ??????????? 8 December 2017 .

[11] "Subnational Human Development Index" . Global Data Lab China. 2020 . ??????????? 9 ?????? 2020 . {{ cite web }}: CS1 maint: url-status ( ????? )

[:0-12] 12.0 ^12.1 "崇明??·走?崇明" . www.shcm.gov.cn . ????????????????????? ????????? ????? 2021-08-11 . ??????????? 2021-08-11 .

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? ? ? ???????????? ???????????????
1913 : ?????? · 1915 : ????????? · 1917 : ??????? · 1919 : ?????? · 1921 : ????????? · 1923 : ?????? · 1925 : ?????? · 1927 : ????????? · 1930 : ??????? · 1934 : ?????? · 1938 : ~~??????~~
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