???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt

??????????????? ????????????????, ?????????????? ???????????? ? ????? ???????????? ?????????????????. ? ?????????????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????????????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????. ?????????? ? ???? ???????????? , ? ??? ????????????????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????????.

Arab Republic of Egypt ??????? ??? ??????? Arabic : Jumh?r?yat Mi?r al-?Arab?yah Egyptian : Gomhoreyyet Ma?r el-?Arabeyya
Flag Coat of arms
????? ????:  " Bilady, Bilady, Bilady " "?????? ?????? ?????" " My country, my country, my country "
???????? and largest city	???? 30°2′N 31°13′E  /  30.033°N 31.217°E  / 30.033; 31.217
???????? ?????	Arabic
National language	Egyptian Arabic [a]
???	See Religion in Egypt
??????????? ????	?????????
?????????????	Unitary semi-presidential republic
?  President	Abdel Fattah el-Sisi
?  ?????? ???????	Moustafa Madbouly
?  House Speaker	Ali Abdel Aal
??????????????	House of Representatives
Establishment
? Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt [1] [2] [b]	c. 3150 BC
?  ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ??????	9 July 1805 [3]
?  ????????????? from ????????? ??????	28 ????????? 1922
?  ?????? ????	23 July 1952
? ??????????? ??????????	18 ??? 1953
?  ??????? ??????	18 ?????? 2014
???????????
? ??? ???????????	1,010,408 [4]  km 2 (390,121 sq mi) ( 29th )
?  ??? (%)	0.632
???????
? 2020 estimate	100,075,480 [5] [6] ( 13th )
?  2017  census	94,798,827 [7]
?  ??????????	100/km 2 (259.0/sq mi) ( 83th )
??.??.??.   ( PPP )	2019 estimate
? ???	$1.391 trillion [8] ( 19th )
? ??????????	$14,023 [8] ( 94th )
??.??.??.   (??????)	2019 estimate
? ???	$302.256 billion [8] ( 40th )
? Per capita	$3,047 [8] ( 126th )
????   (2015)	31.8 [9] medium  ·  51st
?????.??.?.   (2018)	0.700 [10] high  ·  116th
???????????	????????? ?????? (E￡) ( EGP )
???????	UTC +2 [c] ( EET )
???????? ????	????
??????? ????	+20
??????????? ?????	.eg ???.
^ Literary Arabic is the sole official language. [11] Egyptian Arabic is the spoken language . Other dialects and minority languages are spoken regionally. ^ "Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation". [12] [13] Arthur Goldschmidt Jr. ^ See Daylight saving time in Egypt .

?????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ??????? ( ???? : ??? , (?????) ???????? ???? ???? ????????????? ??? ??????? ). ??????????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ???????????. ??????????? ??????????? 1,001,450 ?.??.?? (386,560 ?.????) ???. ????? (?????????), ????? (??????), ??? , ???????? (???????) ?????????? ??????????? ???????. ??????????? ?????? ???? ????????????? ????? (??????????????) ??????? ???? ????????? ???.

???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????. ????????? 7.8 ???? ???????? (2007-?? ?????) ?????????? ??? ????????????? ????? ?????????????. (?????? 40,000 ?.??.?? ?????????? 15,450 ?.???) ??? ????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????. ????????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????????? ???????. ????? ?????? ???? ???????. ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????????. ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? , ????????????? , ????? ??????????? ??? ??????????? ????? ??????????? ???????????.

?????? ????????? ????????????? ??????????? ? ??????. ??????? ?????????, ???????? , ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ???????????. ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????. ???????? ????????, ??????????????? ??????? (???? ??? ????????) ????????? ???? ?????????. ????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????????.

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?? ?? 3100-1300 [ ????????? ]

??.?? 3100-??????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????????????. ????? ???? ???????????????? ????? ??????????????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????????.??????? ? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????????. ???????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ???????????????????????? ???? ????????? ??.?? 3100-? ?????? ?????? ????????. ?????????? ???????? ???????????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????????. ???? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ???? ??, ???????????? ???? ????????????, ??? ???????? ????????? ???????????? ? ?????????. ??.?? 2700-2200 ???????????? ?? ????????????????? ?????????????????????? .??????? ???? ??????????????????. ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????????. ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????????.????????? ???? ??????? ? ???????????????. 20 ????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????. ???????? (Imhotep) ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????????. ????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????????????. ? ??????????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ???????????????. ??.?? 2050-1800-? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????????????? .(Amnembet-III)?????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????.??.??.1570-1300 ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ????? ???????????????? ??????.??.??. 1570-? ?????????? ??? ??????. ??????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????.

??.?? 343??? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????.???????? ??????,???? ??????????????? ????????.?.?? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????.??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????? ???? ?.??639??? ???????? ????????????????. 1798-? ????? ??????? ?????????????????????? ???????? ???????????????????????????. ????????? ????? ????????????????? ???????????????????. ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ???????????. ????????? ????????????????????????? ??????? ?????????? ???????. ???????, ????????????, ???????????????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????????????. 1869? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????????????????. ???????? ????????????? ??????? ????????.

1822 ???? 1906??? ????????????????????????????? ??????????? ??????. ?????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????. ?????? ????????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????? ?????? 1922 ?????????22?? ??????? ?????????????.

?????? [ ????????? ]

1923-? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????? ??????. ???????? ????????????????????? ???????????? ????????. ?????????????????? ??????????? 1952-? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????. ???? 1953 ???18?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????????????????????. ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ????????????. 1956-??? ???????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????.

?????????? [ ????????? ]

??????? 29 ????????????????? ???????????????????. ? ??????????????? ??????? ?????????????????????. ??? ??????????????? ??? ?????????????.

?????????? ???????? ???? Alexandria Alexandria Northern Aswan Aswan Upper Asyut Asyut Upper Beheira Damanhur Lower Beni Suef Beni Suef Upper Cairo Cairo Middle Dakahlia Mansura Lower Damietta Damietta Lower Faiyum Faiyum Upper Gharbia Tanta Lower Giza Giza Upper Helwan Helwan Middle Ismailia Ismailia Canal Kafr el-Sheikh Kafr el-Sheikh Lower

?????????? ???????? ???? Matruh Mersa Matruh Western Minya Minya Upper Monufia Shibin el-Kom Lower New Valley ???? Western North Sinai Arish Sinai Port Said Port Said Canal Qalyubia ???? Lower Qena Qena Upper Red Sea Hurghada Eastern Sharqia Zagazig Upper Sohag Sohag Upper South Sinai el-Tor Sinai Suez ?????? Canal 6th of October 6th of October Middle

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^{[14] [15] [16] [17]}

?????? [ ????????? ]

1. ↑ Goldschmidt, Arthur (1988). Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State . Boulder, CO: Westview Press. p. 5. ISBN   978-0-86531-182-4 . Archived from the original on 6 September 2015 . Retrieved 20 June 2015 . Among the peoples of the ancient Near East, only the Egyptians have stayed where they were and remained what they were, although they have changed their language once and their religion twice. In a sense, they constitute the world's oldest nation. For most of their history, Egypt has been a state, but only in recent years has it been truly a nation-state, with a government claiming the allegiance of its subjects on the basis of a common identity.
2. ↑ "Background Note: Egypt" . United States Department of State Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs . 10 November 2010 . Retrieved 5 March 2011 .
3. ↑ Pierre Crabites (1935). Ibrahim of Egypt . Routledge. p. 1. ISBN   978-0-415-81121-7 . Archived from the original on 9 May 2013 . Retrieved 10 February 2013 . ... on July 9, 1805, Constantinople conferred upon Muhammad Ali the pashalik of Cairo ...
4. ↑ "Total area km2, pg.15" (PDF) . Capmas.Gov ? Arab Republic of Egypt. Archived from the original (PDF) on 21 March 2015 . Retrieved 8 May 2015 .
5. ↑ "?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????????" . www.capmas.gov.eg . Retrieved 12 February 2020 .
6. ↑ "??? ????? ?? 10 ?????.. ???? ?????? ??? 100 ????? ???? (??????????)" . www.masrawy.com . Retrieved 12 February 2020 .
7. ↑ ???????????? ?????: ???????? <ref> ????; capmas.gov.eg ???? ?????? ????????????? ???????????? ?????????????.
8. ↑ ^{8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3} "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2019" . IMF.org . International Monetary Fund . Retrieved 14 December 2019 .
9. ↑ "GINI index" . World Bank. Archived from the original on 9 February 2015 . Retrieved 8 February 2013 .
10. ↑ "2019 Human Development Report" . United Nations Development Programme. 2019 . Retrieved 14 December 2019 . ^{[ ???????????????? ????? ]}
11. ↑ "Constitutional Declaration: A New Stage in the History of the Great Egyptian People" . Egypt State Information Service. 30 March 2011. Archived from the original on 27 April 2011 . Retrieved 15 April 2011 .
12. ↑ name="USDept of State/Egypt"
13. ↑ Arthur Goldschmidt (1988). Modern Egypt: The Formation of a Nation-State . Westview Press. ISBN   978-0-86531-182-4 .
14. ↑ "The Nuclear Tipping Point, P.15" (PDF) . Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-05-10 . Retrieved 2007-07-14 .
15. ↑ U.S., Egyptian Speakers Say Partnership Must Continue, Expand
16. ↑ Egypt Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine ..
17. ↑ Egypt-Trade and Diplomatic Relations with the US

???? ????? [ ????????? ]

• ?????? ?????, 2012 ?????? 07 Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine .
• ?????? ?????, 2012 ???? 06 Archived 2016-03-06 at the Wayback Machine .

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