??????? ??? ??????

????? ??????
??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????????????
??????? ??? ??????
???????? ?????
1947 ???????
???????? ?????????? ?????? ??????
??????? ?????
15 ?????? 1947 ? 27 ?? 1964
?????? ???? ??????
(26 ??????? 1950 ???)
????? ???????? ???????
????????? ????????????
Governor General ?????? ???????????
??????????? ??????????????
(26 ??????? 1950 ???)
????? ?????? ???? ?????
(1950 ???)
??????? ?????? ?? ??????
???? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????
???????? ??????? ??? ?????? (Acting)
?????? ?????
??????? ?????
31 ???????? 1942 ? 14 ???????? 1942
??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?????
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30 ??????? 1957 ? 17 ??????? 1957
??????? ????? ???? ??????
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10 ???????? 1953 ? 10 ??????? 1955
??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????
???????? ????? ???? ??????
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??????? ?????
13 ???????? 1957 ? 13 ????? 1957
??????? ????????? ?????? ?????????????
???????? ??????? ?????
??????? ?????
26 ????? 1956 ? 30 ?????? 1956
??????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????
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2 ???????? 1946 ? 27 ?? 1964
??????? ?????? ?? ????????
???????? ??????? ??? ??????
????????? ??????? ????? ?????
??????? ?????
2 ???????? 1946 ? 15 ?????? 1947
?????? ???? ??????
Governor General ???????? ????? (20 ??????? 1947 ???)
???? ??????????? (21 ??????? 1947 ?????)
??????? ?????? ?? ????????
???????? ?????? ?? ????????
???? ??????????? ?????? ??????
?????????? ?????? ??? ?????
??????? ?????
17 ??????? 1952 ? 27 ?? 1964
??????? ?????? ?? ????????
???????? ????? ?????? ???????
?????? ???????? , ????? ???????
Member of the Constituent Assembly of India
??????? ?????
9 ???????? 1946 ? 26 ?????? 1950
??????? ?????? ?? ????????
???????? ?????? ?? ????????
?????? ??????? ??????
???? ?????????
????? ( 1889-11-14 ) 14 ???????? 1889
????? ???? , ??????? ??????? ?????? , ??????????? ?????????
(????? ????? ??????? , ????????? )
??? 27 ???? 1964 (1964-05-27) (??? 74)
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​
​
( m.  1916; died  ) ​
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??????? ???? ??????
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?????? ???? Trinity College, Cambridge (BA)
Inner Temple ( Barrister-at-Law )
?????
  • ??????
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  • ??????? ???
????? ?????? ????? (1955)
????????
????? ??? see article

??????? ??? ?????? ( ?????:  [?d????ː????l?ːl ?neː??uː] ( About this sound?????? ) ? ???????? ?????)? [1] ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ? ????? ? ????? ??? 1947 ????? 1964 ??? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? [2] [3] ?????? ??? 1929-1930 ??? 1936-1937 ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????

???????????? 1929 ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??? "??????? ???????" ( ????? : ????? ????? ) ??? 26 ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? [4] [5] 1929-1931 ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? [6] [7] [8] [9] ??? ???? 1931 ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??????? [10] [11] ?????????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? [12] [13] ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????: ' ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ' (??????????? ?????) [14] ??? " ???????? ?? ????? ??????? " (???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????)? [15] [16]

??????????? ?????? 1947 ??? ????? ?????? 1951-1952 ???????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????? [17] ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????????? ? ????? ??? [18] ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ? ?? ?????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ???????? [19] ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? [20] [21]

???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????????? ?????? ????? 1962 ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? [22] [23] ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? [24] [25] [26] [27] ?????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? [28] [29] [30] ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? 14 ???????? ??? ??????????? ????? "??? ???" ????? [31] [32] [33]

????????? ???????? ??? ????? [ ????? ]

نِہروٗ–گانٛدھی خاندان: بِہِتھ، کھوورٕ پؠٹھٕ: سوَٛروٗپ رانی نِہروٗ، موتی لال نِہروٗ، کَمَلا نِہروٗ؛ کھَرٕ: جَواہَر لال نِہروٗ، وِجَے لَکشمی پَنٛڈِت، کرِٛشنا نِہروٗ ہَٹھیٖسِنٛگھ تہٕ رَنجیٖت سیٖتارام پَنٛڈِت
?????????????? ??????: ??????? ?????? ?????: ???????? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????: ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????

?????? [ ????? ]

??????? ???????: ?????????????? ??????

?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? 1861 ?????? 1857 ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ????? ???: ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ? [34]

????????? ???????? [ ????? ]

??????? ??? ?????? ??? 14 ???????? 1889 ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? [35] ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? [36] ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? [37] [38] ???? ?????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? [3] ???? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? "???? ?????????? ????????? ????"? [39]

?????? [ ????? ]

???? ????? ????????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? 1907 ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ? ???????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???????? ? ???????? ??? ????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ? ??????? ???? ???? ? ??? ?????? ???? ? ????????? ????? ? ??????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? [40] ??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????? 1948 ???? ????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???: [41]

?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? [...] ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? [???????? ???????] ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????

??????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? 1912 ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? [3]

???????? [ ????? ]

?????? 1912 ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????????? ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? (??? ????) ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? "????" ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? [42]

????? ??????? [ ????? ]

??????????? ??? ????????? (1912-1913) [ ????? ]

?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? [43]

????? ???? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????????? ??? ?????: "????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????"? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???: ???? ?????? ? ??? ?????????? ????? ????? ??? "?????? ????" ?????? ?????? [36] [44] [45] [46] ???????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ?????? [47]

??? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? 1913 ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???? "??????????" ( ????? : ????????? ) ??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ????? "????? ????? ???????"? [48]

???????? ?????? ????? (1914-1915) [ ????? ]

1912-13 ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???: "??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ?????"? [47] ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? [47]

??????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? "?????? ????" ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? "??? ????" ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????????? ( ????????? ???? ??????? ?????) ??????? ??? ??? ?????? [49]

?????? ??? ????????? (1916-1917) [ ????? ]

??????? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???

?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? 8 ?????? 1916 ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????????? [50] ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? [3] ???? ????? ??? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? [51] [35]

???????? 1916 ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? [52] [53] ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ?????????? ????? ??????? [53]

1916 ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? [54] ???? ??? ???????? ???????:

[???? ?????? ?????] ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????... ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????

???? 1917 ??? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? [47]

????? ???? (1917-1919) [ ????? ]

1917 ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???? "????? ???????"???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????????

?????? 1919 ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? "???????? ??????"? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? "??? ?????? ??????"? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? [55] ????? 18 ????? 1919 ??? ??? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ? [56]

??? ????? ??????? (1920-1922) [ ????? ]

1920 ????? 1922 ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? [47] 20 ???????? 1920 ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ????? ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ????????? [57]

??????? [ ????? ]

  1. ↑ " Nehru ." Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary . 2020. ?????? ?????? 5 ????? 2016 ?????? ??? ??? ??????
  2. ↑ ???????? ?????? (2021-11-14). "A tryst with destiny: Jawaharlal Nehru's iconic speech on the eve of independence | News - Times of India Videos" . The Times of India ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2021-11-16 . Nehru was a central figure in India’s struggle against colonial rule. He was the principal leader of India’s independence movement during the 1930s to 40s.
  3. ↑ 3?0 3?1 3?2 3?3 "Jawaharlal Nehru | Biography, Significance, Family, Wife, Daughter, Death, & Facts | Britannica" . www.britannica.com ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2021-11-13 .
  4. ↑ "Constitution of India" . www.constitutionofindia.net . Retrieved 2021-11-15 .
  5. ↑ Education? Pearson. SSC topic-wise Previous Years Solved Papers General Awareness ( ???????? ??????? ?????). Pearson Education India. ISBN   978-93-5286-640-3 .
  6. ↑ Maheshwari? Neerja (1997). Economic Policy of Jawaharlal Nehru ( ???????? ??????? ?????). Deep & Deep. ISBN   978-81-7100-850-6 .
  7. ↑ NA? NA (2015-12-22). The Indian Nationalist Movement 1885-1947: Select Documents ( ???????? ??????? ?????). Springer. ?. 67. ISBN   978-1-349-86215-3 .
  8. ↑ Kochar? R. C. (1997). Congress and Socialism: Economic Programmes and Policies ( ???????? ??????? ?????). Anamika Publishers & Distributors. ISBN   978-81-86565-24-7 .
  9. ↑ Nanda? B. R. (1998-10-01). Jawaharlal Nehru: Rebel and Statesman . Oxford University Press. doi : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195645866.003.0006 . ISBN   978-0-19-564586-6 .
  10. ↑ "Karachi Session of Congress 1931 - GKToday" . www.gktoday.in . Retrieved 2021-11-17 .
  11. ↑ "Karachi Congress Session'1931 • NeoStencil" . NeoStencil ( ???????? ??????? ?????). Archived from the original on 2021-11-17 . Retrieved 2021-11-17 . ?????? ?????? 2021-11-17 ?????? ??? ??? ??????
  12. ↑ "In Prison - Nehru Portal, Nehru Memorial Museum & Library; Ministry of Culture, Government of India" .
  13. ↑ "Shri Jawaharlal Nehru | Prime Minister of India" . www.pmindia.gov.in . Retrieved 2021-11-09 .
  14. ↑ ??????? ??????? ??? (1946). ?? ????????? ?? ?????? ( ???????? ??????? ?????). ??? ??? : ??????? ???????????? ????? .
  15. ↑ Nehru? Jawaharlal (2004). Glimpses of world history : being further letters to his daughter, written in prison, and containing a rambling account of history for young people . New Delhi: Penguin/Viking. ISBN   0-670-05818-1 . OCLC   273059911 .
  16. ↑ Nehru? Jawaharlal (1934). Glimpses Of World History .
  17. ↑ Nohlen? Dieter? Grotz? Florian? Hartmann? Christof (2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific : a data handbook . Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN   0-19-924958-X . OCLC   48585734 .
  18. ↑ Bhambhri? C. P.? Bhamberi? C. P. (1969). "NEHRU AND SOCIALIST MOVEMENT IN INDIA (1920-47)" . The Indian Journal of Political Science . 30 (2): 130?148. ISSN   0019-5510 .
  19. ↑ Desk? India TV News (2014-11-13). "Jawaharlal Nehru b'day spl: 10 facts to know about India's first Prime Minister" . www.indiatvnews.com ( ???????? ??????? ?????). Archived from the original on 2021-02-05 . Retrieved 2021-11-19 .
  20. ↑ Haque? Affanul. "Non-Aligned Movement: Jawaharlal Nehru ? The architect of India's foreign policy | India News - Times of India" . The Times of India ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2021-11-17 .
  21. ↑ politicalscience (2018-05-05). "Non-alignment Movement" . Political Science ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2021-11-17 .
  22. ↑ "World Mourns Nehru (1964) - YouTube" . web.archive.org . 2021-07-31. Archived from the original on 2021-07-31 . Retrieved 2021-11-12 . CS1 ????: ???: ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ( link )
  23. ↑ Guruswamy? Mohan (2021-11-02). "Mohan Guruswamy | Nehru vs Patel: On how to conciliate, and not divide" . Deccan Chronicle ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2021-11-12 . Nehru became PM because he was by far the Congress’ most popular politician, after Gandhiji. Nehru was the party’s star campaigner, captivating people with his soaring oratory and easy communication style in Hindustani.
  24. ↑ "Economic Policies of Jawaharlal Nehru" . www.mapsofindia.com . Retrieved 2021-11-17 . The economic policies of Jawaharlal Nehru have been subject to much controversy in the past few decades.
  25. ↑ ????????????, ????????. "The economic consequences of Nehru [?????? ?????? ????????? ????????]" . ?? ?????? . https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/the-economic-consequences-of-nehru/article6503716.ece . "The Nehru-Mahalanobis strategy had criticised even at the outset. I shall discuss two of the criticisms at this stage and turn to a third at a later stage. Thus, Vakil and Brahmananda argued that the Mahalanobis model neglected wage goods, being those consumed by workers who were the majority of the country."  
  26. ↑ ?????????? ????? ??? ???????? (1964). "????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????" (PDF) . ????????? ????? ????????? ?????? : 4.
  27. ↑ Mukherjee? Aditya (2019-11-14). "Setting the record straight: Nehru and his policies shaped modern India and its economy" . National Herald ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2021-11-17 .
  28. ↑ "Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru the Architect of Modern India" . World Polity . Retrieved 2021-11-09 .
  29. ↑ "Jawaharlal Nehru: Architect of modern India" . Hindustan Times ( ???????? ??????? ?????). 2019-11-14 . Retrieved 2021-11-09 .
  30. ↑ "Nehru, the real architect of modern India" . Deccan Chronicle ( ???????? ??????? ?????). 2014-11-16 . Retrieved 2021-11-09 .
  31. ↑ "Children's Day India: Why is children's day celebrated in India -Know date, history & significance!" . Jagranjosh.com . 2021-11-14 . Retrieved 2021-11-17 .
  32. ↑ "Happy Children's Day 2021: History, Significance, Importance and all you need to know about 'Bal Diwas' - Times of India" . The Times of India ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2021-11-17 .
  33. ↑ "Children’s Day celebrated" . ?? ?????? . 2015-11-17 . https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Thiruvananthapuram/childrens-day-celebrated/article7886449.ece .  
  34. ↑ "Jawahar Lal Nehru: Top 10 facts about Chacha Nehru - Times of India" . The Times of India . Retrieved 2021-11-11 .
  35. ↑ 35?0 35?1 ?????? 1936 .
  36. ↑ 36?0 36?1 Gokhale? Balkrishna Govind (1978). "Nehru and History" . History and Theory . 17 (3): 311?322. doi : 10.2307/2504742 . ISSN   0018-2656 .
  37. ↑ "Jawaharlal Nehru (1889-1964)" . www.theosophyforward.com . 2018-09-21 . Retrieved 2021-11-12 .
  38. ↑ Sridhar? Asha (2011-05-10). "Memories of Madras ? The Society and the city" . ?? ?????? . Retrieved 2021-11-12 . The Society had many eminent people as its members in those days. Jawaharlal Nehru, in his younger days, was a member and his daughter, Indira Gandhi, took interest in it.
  39. ↑ Nanda? B. R. (2008). The Nehrus : Motilal and Jawaharlal (New ed.). New Delhi: Oxford University Press. ISBN   978-0-19-569343-0 . OCLC   221963454 .
  40. ↑ ?????? 2007 , ?. 46:There was much to attract him elsewhere. Nehru traces the beginnings of his interest in socialism to his Cambridge days when the Fabianism of Shaw and the Webbs attracted him, but he confesses that his interest was academic. He was also drawn by the intellectual liveliness of Bertrand Russell and John Maynard Keynes many of whose lectures he attended although his own university curriculum was scientifc, not economic..
  41. ↑ ????? 1995 , ?. 53-54: In his letter written to Shaw on 4 September 1948, Nehru acknowledged Shaw's infuence on him. One of the passages of the letter read, “Forty years ago. when I was eighteen and under-graduate at Cambridge, I heard you address a meeting there (Shaw's lecture on 24 October. 1907 on "Socialism and the University Man"). I have not seen you again since then, nor have I written to you. But, like many of my generation, we have grown up in company with your writings and books. I suppose a part of myself such as I am today, has been moulded by that reading. I do not know if that would do you any credit..
  42. ↑ ????? 1995 , ?. 49-50 Decidedly the atmosphere was not intellectually stimulating and a sense of the utter insipidity of life grew upon me..
  43. ↑ ?????? 2007 , ?. 49: "It appeared to him to be more of a social gathering than a political assembly. "Very much an English-knowing upper-class affair" was his verdict".
  44. ↑ Edu? World History (2021-11-26). "Jawaharlal Nehru: Biography, Quick Facts, and Major Achievements" . World History Edu ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2021-12-21 .
  45. ↑ ???????? ???? (2021-11-13). "The enduring relevance of Nehru's legacy" . ?? ?????? . Archived from the original on 2021-11-14 . Retrieved 2021-12-21 .
  46. ↑ ?????? ???????? (2021-12-20). "Nehru: In the spirit of revolution" . ?? ?????? .
  47. ↑ 47?0 47?1 47?2 47?3 47?4 ?????? 2007 .
  48. ↑ "satyagraha | philosophy | Britannica" . www.britannica.com ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2021-12-13 .
  49. ↑ ?????? ??????? (June 1964). The Ideological Differences between Moderates and Extremists in the Indian National Movement with Special Reference to Surendranath Banerjea and Lajpat Rai 1885-1919 (PDF) (PhD thesis). University of London School of Oriental and African Studies. ?. 266.
  50. ↑ Shukla? Vivek (2017-05-27). "Crumbling Haksar Haveli, Delhi-6: Where Nehru Went to Marry Kamala" . TheQuint ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2021-12-28 .
  51. ↑ "Nehru Gave Up Life Of Ease, Wealth" . ??????? ???? : pp. 24. 1964-05-27 . https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=tzA_AAAAIBAJ&pg=4355,5162968&dq=kamala+nehru .  
  52. ↑ ????? 1995 .
  53. ↑ 53?0 53?1 ?????? 2007 , ?. 49.
  54. ↑ ?????? 2007 , ?. 51.
  55. ↑ ?????? 2007 , p. 55.
  56. ↑ "Rowlatt Acts | 1919, India | Britannica" . www.britannica.com ( ???????? ??????? ?????) . Retrieved 2022-03-10 .
  57. ↑ NCERT (2011). India and the contemporary world-II : Textbook in history for class X. New Delhi: NCERT. ISBN   81-7450-707-8 . OCLC   750383036 .

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