???????

??????? ( ???????? ? Scotland , ), ???? ????????? ^[1]^[2]^[3] ?????????????? ???? ???? ????????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??????

???????? ??????????? ?? ???????? :

??????? ?? ???????????? ?? ?????? 1314-??, ??? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ( Bannockburn ) ?????????????

???????? ?????????????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? 1 ????? 1707 , ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ??????????????? 1707-?? ??? ?????? ????? 1 ?????? 1999 -?? ???????? ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????????

?????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

?.?. ???? ?????? ????????????????? ????????, ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? (Celts), ??????? ??????? (Picts), ??? ?.?.? 5-?? ????? ????? ?? 6-?? ????? ??????? ???????? (????? ??? ??????????? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ?????, ?????????' ???????)? ?????????? ??????????????? ????????????? (?.-?. ?????) ??????????????? ??????????????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????????

?. ?????? ??????? ?? ????????? ???????? ?. ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????????????, ?? ?? ?????? ?????????????? ?????????, ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????????????

??. ?????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ??????????????? ??. ????? ??????????????, ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ????????, ???? ?? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? (??????????? ???????? 1296-1314)? 1314-?? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??????? ??. ????? ??????, ??????????? ????????, ?? ???????? ???????? ????????? ??. ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????????????

1707-?? ??????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ??????? (?? ??????? ?????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ????????)?

???????? ??????????? (??????????? ??. ??????) ?? ?????, ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????

?.?. ??????, ?? ???????? ??????????? ????????: 1888 -?? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????????? (???), ?? 1893 -?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????? ????

??????????????? ?? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

???????????? 78,7 ????? ??² ?, ???????????? 5,2 ??? (1974), ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????????? ?? ???????? ??????-?????????? ????????????? (??? ???? ???, 1343 ?, ???????????? ??? ????????? ???), ?????-?????????? ????????????? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????????? ???????????

????????? ??????? ?'?????????? ??? ???????, ???????? ????????????, ????? ?????????? ?????????? ?? ???? ???????, ?????-?????????? ??????????? ?? ??????- ?????????? ????????????? ??????????

???????? ???????????????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????????, ??????????? ?????????????????, ?????????????? (?????????? ????? ???????? 1/3-?), ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ?????????????, ????????????? ?????????????, ??????? ?? ?????? ?????????????, ?? ????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? 1960 -1970 ????????????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ???????????????? ??? ?? ???????? ????????????????? ????????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??? ???????????????? ?? ???????? ?????????????? (?????, ?????? ?? ??????????? ???????) ????

?????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

?????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ????? ???????????? ????????? ??? 3,4 °C ?, ?????????? 14,4 °C, ??????? ??????????? 700 (???????? ???)-2000 (?????????? ???) ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ??, ??????? ? ???????? ??? ?????? (?och lomond), ??? ??? ?? ?????

??????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

??????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???

????? ?? ???????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

??????? ?????? ????????? ?, ?????????? ???????????????? ?

????????????????? [ ???????? | ???????? ??????? ]

↑ ≪The Countries of the UK≫ ? Office for National Statistics ? ?????????? ?? ??????? 24, 2012
↑ ≪Countries within a country≫ ? 10 Downing Street ? ??????????? ? ?????????? -??? ?????? 16, 2010-?? ? ?????????? ?? ???????? 24, 2008 ? ≪The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland≫
↑ ≪ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Date: 28 November 2007 No I-9. "Changes in the list of subdivision names and code elements" (Page 11)≫ (PDF)? International Organization for Standardization codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions ? Part 2: Country subdivision codes ? ?????????? ?? ?????? 31, 2008 ? ≪SCT Scotland country ≫

[Stats_1-1] ≪The Countries of the UK≫ ? Office for National Statistics ? ?????????? ?? ??????? 24, 2012

[Country-2] ≪Countries within a country≫ ? 10 Downing Street ? ??????????? ? ?????????? -??? ?????? 16, 2010-?? ? ?????????? ?? ???????? 24, 2008 ? ≪The United Kingdom is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland≫

[3] ≪ISO 3166-2 Newsletter Date: 28 November 2007 No I-9. "Changes in the list of subdivision names and code elements" (Page 11)≫ (PDF)? International Organization for Standardization codes for the representation of names of countries and their subdivisions ? Part 2: Country subdivision codes ? ?????????? ?? ?????? 31, 2008 ? ≪SCT Scotland country ≫

[1]

[2]

[3]