????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ???????
??-??????
.
????? ??? ????????? ??????
[
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??? ? ???? “???????? ??????" ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????,
???????
??????, ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????. ???? ???????? ????? ????????????. ??????????? ????? ? ??????? ????????????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??; ??????? ? ????????
???????
??? ???? ????????????. ?????? ??. ?. 43 ??
????
????? ????????? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ????????. ???? ???? ?????????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? ?????????. ??????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????. ??????? ? ???? ????? ????????????? ?????? ??, ?????? ?? ?????????????. ??????? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???? ????. ???? ? ??????
??????
???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???????. ???????? ??? ??????? ??
???????
, ???? ?????? ??????????, ???? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????????????. ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??. ?. 449 ?? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????. ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ??????? ??? "??? ????????" ?????????. ?????? ??????-??????? ??? ???? ?????.
?? ??????? ????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ??????. ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????, ?? ??????????????? ????????. ????? ????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????, ???????????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ????. ???? ? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????????? ??? ???? ????????. ?? ????? ????????? ???????????? ? ??????? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????. ???????? ??????? ??? ?????. ???????? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???. ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????????????
?????
, ??????, ????????, ????????, ???????, ????????, ..., ??? ?????? ??????. ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ??????? ????, ??????????? ???? ?? ?????, ??????, ???, ???? ??????. ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????.
???????? ????? ???? ????????? ????. ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????. ???????????? ?????? ????????????, ????????????? ?????. ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?????. "?? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????????" ??? ???????? ??????????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ???? ?????? ???????, ????, ????, ?????????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????. ?????? ????, ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????????????.
???????? ??? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ????, ??????-??????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????????. ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ???????? ??????????, ?????, ??????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????????, ?????????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????.
?????? ????????????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? - ??. ?. 780 ????? 880 ???? - ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????. ? ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????. ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ????? "????????" ??? ?????? ??????????? ????.
???? ???????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???. ??. ?. 1066 ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????????. ?????????? ??????? ???? ????????????, ???????? ????????, ??????, ????????, ???????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????????. ??????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ??????-??????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ?????????. ? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ?????, ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????????. ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ????????????????.
?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ????? ????????. ????????
???????
???????? ???? ????????,
???????????????
???? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????. ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ????????????????? ?????? ???????????. ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ???? ???? ????.
?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????. ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????????? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ??????????????. ????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ? ???????? ?????? ?????.
??????? ??????????, ???????????, ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????????????. ????? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ????
?????? ?????
??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????????? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????.
?????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????????????. ? ??????? ??????
???????? ????
?????? ???????????????. ? ??? ??-??? ????? ?????????????. ???????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????. ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ? ????? ????????????????. ?????????? ?????? ???? ????????? ????????????.
[1]
????? ?? ????????????, ????? ????? ??? ????,
???????????
????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????????.
??????????
????????? ?????
????????
???? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????.
???????????
???????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? Mr.
??????
.
? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ???????? ????????
???????? ????????
?????? ?????? ?????????????????
.
?????? ???????? ???? ??????
[
??????
]
???????
|
????
|
??????
|
????? ????
|
????? ???
|
??? ?????
|
???????
|
1
|
?.??.??.
|
251,388,301
|
83%
|
215,423,557
|
35,964,744
|
Source: US Census 2006:
Language Use and English-Speaking Ability: 2006
, Table 1. Figure for second language speakers are respondents who reported they do not speak English at home but know it "very well" or "well". Note: figures are for population age 5 and older
|
2
|
???? ?????
|
90,000,000
|
8%
|
178,598
|
65,000,000
?????
????? ????????????.
25,000,000
????
????? ????????????
|
Figures include both those who speak English as a
second language
and those who speak it as a
third language
. 1991 figures.
[2]
[3]
The figures include English
speakers
, but not English
users
.
[4]
|
3
|
????????
|
79,000,000
|
53%
|
4,000,000
|
>75,000,000
|
Figures are for speakers of
Nigerian Pidgin
, an English-based pidgin or creole. Ihemere gives a range of roughly 3 to 5 million native speakers; the midpoint of the range is used in the table. Ihemere, Kelechukwu Uchechukwu. 2006. "
A Basic Description and Analytic Treatment of Noun Clauses in Nigerian Pidgin.
Archived
2007-06-10 at the
Wayback Machine
"
Nordic Journal of African Studies
15 (3) : 296?313.
|
4
|
???????? ????? ??
|
59,600,000
|
98%
|
58,100,000
|
1,500,000
|
Source: Crystal (2005), p. 109.
|
5
|
????????????
|
45,900,000
|
52%
|
27,000
|
42,500,000
|
Total speakers: Census 2000,
text above Figure 7
. 63.71% of the 66.7 million people aged 5 years or more could speak English. Native speakers: Census 1995, as quoted by Andrew Gonzalez in
The Language Planning Situation in the Philippines
, Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 19 (5&6), 487-525. (1998)
|
6
|
?????
|
25,246,220
|
76%
|
17,694,830
|
7,551,390
|
Source: 2001 Census -
Knowledge of Official Languages
Archived
2018-10-16 at the
Wayback Machine
and
Mother Tongue
Archived
2018-10-16 at the
Wayback Machine
. The native speakers figure comprises 122,660 people with both French and English as a mother tongue, plus 17,572,170 people with English and not French as a mother tongue.
|
7
|
???????????
|
18,172,989
|
92%
|
15,581,329
|
2,591,660
|
Source: 2006 Census.
[5]
The figure shown in the first language English speakers column is actually the number of Australian residents who speak only English at home. The additional language column shows the number of other residents who claim to speak English "well" or "very well". Another 5% of residents did not state their home language or English proficiency.
|
????? ??????? ?? ????? ???
[
??????
]
???????? ???????? ??? ?????????????, ???????? ??????????? ??? ?????????????,
???????????
, ?????????? ????? ??????????????????? ???????? ????????????????.
?????????? ????? ????? ?????
[
??????
]
?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????. ????????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????????????????.
????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??? ??????????? ????????????????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????????????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ????????????.??
????????
????? ????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ????? ??????????????. ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ????????????, ?????? ????? ?????. ????? ?????????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ????????????, ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ???????
??????????
??????. ??
??????? ???????????????. ?????
??????????
?????????????? ?? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????. ??????
?????
, ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????.
????????? ???????? ???????? ????????
[
??????
]
???? ???
???? ???????? ??????
?????
?????????? ???? ???????? ???? ???. ?????, ????, ????, ???????, ??????, ??????, ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????????????. ??? ??????, ?????, ??????????, ?????????? ????????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????????????. ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ???????.
?????
, ????????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????????. ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????.
?????????? ??????????? ?????
????????
???? ??????????????. ????????? ????? ????? ?????????? ???? ????? ????????????, ????? ?????? ?????????, ????????? ??????? ????????? ????? ????. ??? ?? ???? ??????????, ??????????. ??? ????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????????, ?? ????? ???????? ?????????????. ? ?????? ???????????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????. ?????? ??????? ?????????.
?????
, ??????? ??????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????. ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ??????, ?? ???? ?????????????? ???????????, ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????????. ???????, ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????
???????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????????, ??????????? ????????? ??????? ??????. ?????? ??????? 2+2=4 ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????
??????. ?????? ???? ??????, ??????????, ??????, ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????, ?????? ??? ???????? ????????????. ???????? ????, ???????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??????, ????????. ????? ???? ???? ????? ????????????. ??? ????? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????. ??????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????, ??? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????. ?? ??????? ??? ?????????. ?? ??????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????????? ?? ??? ????. ?????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ??????. ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ??????????. ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????, ????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ???, ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????.
????????-?????? ?????? ???????
????????-?????? ?????? ???????
????? ?????:
???? ????? ????? :
????????? ???????
|
---|
|
English speaking countries
|
- ↑
Census of India's
eCensusIndia
Archived
2007-09-27 at the
Wayback Machine
, Issue 10, 2003, pp 8-10, (Feature: Languages of West Bengal in Census and Surveys, Bilingualism and Trilingualism). 1991 statistic.
- ↑
Census of India's
Indian Census
, Issue 10, 2003, pp 8-10, (Feature: Languages of West Bengal in Census and Surveys, Bilingualism and Trilingualism).
- ↑
Tropf, Herbert S. 2004.
India and its Languages
Archived
2008-03-08 at the
Wayback Machine
. Siemens AG, Munich
- ↑
For the distinction between "English Speakers," and "English Users," please see: TESOL-India (Teachers of English to Speakers of Other Languages)],
India: World's Second Largest English-Speaking Country
Archived
2010-12-04 at the
Wayback Machine
. Their article explains the difference between the 350 million number mentioned in a previous version of this Wikipedia article and a more plausible 90 million number:
“
|
"Wikipedia's India estimate of 350 million includes two categories - "English Speakers" and "English Users". The distinction between the Speakers and Users is that Users only know how to read English words while Speakers know how to read English, understand spoken English as well as form their own sentences to converse in English. The distinction becomes clear when you consider the China numbers. China has over 200~350 million users that can read English words but, as anyone can see on the streets of China, only handful of million who are English speakers."
|
”
|
- ↑
"Australian Bureau of Statistics"
. Archived from
the original
on 2021-08-16
. Retrieved
2009-01-19
.