Republic of the Niger
- Republique du Niger
(
French
)
|
---|
|
Motto:
- "Fraternite, Travail, Progres"
(
French
)
- "Fraternity, Work, Progress"
|
Anthem:
L'Honneur de la Patrie
|
Location of
Niger
(
dark green
)
|
Capital
and largest city
| Niamey
13°32′N
2°05′E
/
13.533°N 2.083°E
/
13.533; 2.083
|
---|
Official languages
| French
|
---|
National languages
[1]
| |
---|
Demonym(s)
| Nigerien
(
[2]
|
---|
Government
| Unitary
semi-presidential
republic
under a
military junta
|
---|
|
| Omar Tchiani
[a]
|
---|
| Ali Lamine Zeine
[4]
|
---|
|
Legislature
| National Assembly
|
---|
|
|
? Republic proclaimed
| 18 December 1958
|
---|
? Declared
| 3 August 1960
|
---|
|
|
? Total
| 1,267,000 km
2
(489,000 sq mi) (
21st
)
|
---|
? Water (%)
| 0.02
|
---|
|
? 2020 estimate
| 23,196,002 (
57th
)
|
---|
? 2012 census
| 17,138,707
|
---|
? Density
| 12.1/km
2
(31.3/sq mi)
|
---|
GDP
(
PPP
)
| 2018 estimate
|
---|
? Total
| $23.475 billion
[5]
(
140th
)
|
---|
? Per capita
| $1,213
[6]
(
183rd
)
|
---|
GDP
(nominal)
| 2018 estimate
|
---|
? Total
| $9.869 billion
[7]
(
136th
)
|
---|
? Per capita
| $510
[8]
(
179th
)
|
---|
Gini
(2014)
| 34.0
[9]
medium
·
70th
|
---|
HDI
(2019)
| 0.394
[10]
low
·
189th
|
---|
Currency
| West African CFA franc
(
XOF
)
|
---|
Time zone
| UTC
+1
(
WAT
)
|
---|
Driving side
| right
[11]
|
---|
Calling code
| +227
|
---|
ISO 3166 code
| NE
|
---|
Internet TLD
| .ne
|
---|
|
Niger
or
the Niger
[12]
[13]
(
or
;
[14]
[15]
French:
[ni???]
), officially the
Republic of the Niger
,
[12]
[13]
is a
country
in western
Africa
. The
capital
is
Niamey
, and the official language is
French
. It is surrounded by
Algeria
and
Libya
to the north,
Chad
to the east,
Nigeria
and
Benin
to the south, and
Burkina Faso
and
Mali
to the west. Niger is landlocked, meaning it has no coastline. Niger gets its name from the
Niger River
, whose name possibly comes from the Berber word "
River of Rivers
".
[16]
The
Mali Empire
and the
Songhai Empire
both had land in what is now Niger. Later
France
controlled the land that is now Niger. Niger has a population, or the number of people living in an area, of 15,306,252 and an area of 1,267,000
square kilometres
. Much of Niger is
desert
.
After a military
coup
in 2010, Niger is now a democratic, multi-party state. Most of the people live in rural areas, and have little access to advanced education.
Niger is one of the poorest countries in the world with a lack of
contraception
. 41.4% live in
poverty
.
Hunger
plagues the country.
Niger’s main exports are
uranium ore
,
livestock
,
cowpeas
and
onions
.
Millet
and
sorghum
are grown in the south, as well as
cassava
and
sugarcane
. Rice is grown in the Niger River valley. Peanuts are the most important cash crop. Other important crops are cotton and pulses.
Niger is home to the critically endangered
addax antelope
. West African giraffes are the only
giraffes
in West Africa that exist in Niger.
Niger is on the border between the
Sahara
and
Sub-Saharan
regions. Niger's area is 1,267,000 square kilometres (489,191 sq mi) of which 300 square kilometres (116 sq mi) is water. It is the world's twenty-second largest country. Niger borders seven countries. The longest border is with
Nigeria
to the south.
The lowest point is the
Niger River
, with an elevation of 200 metres (656 ft). The highest point is
Mont Idoukal-n-Taghes
in the
Air Mountains
at 2,022 m (6,634 ft).
Zinder Region
and
Tahoua Region
are intermediates between Central Niger.
This table shows cities with a population over 10,000, according to 2001 census.
City
|
Census division
|
Population
2001
[17]
|
Position
[18]
|
Abalak
|
Tahoua
|
12,764
|
15°27′08″N
6°16′42″E
/
15.4522222°N 6.2783333°E
/
15.4522222; 6.2783333
|
Agadez
|
Agadez
|
78,289
|
16°58′26″N
7°59′27″E
/
16.9738889°N 7.9908333°E
/
16.9738889; 7.9908333
|
Aguie
|
Maradi
|
11,475
|
13°30′29″N
7°46′38″E
/
13.5080556°N 7.7772222°E
/
13.5080556; 7.7772222
|
Arlit
|
Agadez
|
69,435
|
18°43′57″N
7°22′05″E
/
18.7325°N 7.3680556°E
/
18.7325; 7.3680556
|
Birni Ngaoure
|
Dosso
|
10,775
|
13°05′16″N
2°55′01″E
/
13.0877778°N 2.9169444°E
/
13.0877778; 2.9169444
|
Birni Nkonni
|
Tahoua
|
44,663
|
13°48′N
5°15′E
/
13.8°N 5.25°E
/
13.8; 5.25
|
Dakoro
|
Maradi
|
18,875
|
13°49′00″N
6°25′00″E
/
13.8166667°N 6.4166667°E
/
13.8166667; 6.4166667
|
Diffa
|
Diffa
|
23,409
|
13°18′56″N
12°36′32″E
/
13.3155556°N 12.6088889°E
/
13.3155556; 12.6088889
|
Dogondoutchi
|
Dosso
|
29,244
|
13°38′46″N
4°01′44″E
/
13.6461111°N 4.0288889°E
/
13.6461111; 4.0288889
|
Dosso
|
Dosso
|
43,561
|
13°02′40″N
3°11′41″E
/
13.0444444°N 3.1947222°E
/
13.0444444; 3.1947222
|
Filingue
|
Tillaberi
|
11,661
|
14°21′00″N
3°19′00″E
/
14.35°N 3.3166667°E
/
14.35; 3.3166667
|
Gaya
|
Dosso
|
28,385
|
11°53′16″N
3°26′48″E
/
11.8877778°N 3.4466667°E
/
11.8877778; 3.4466667
|
Goure
|
Zinder
|
13,422
|
13°59′13″N
10°16′12″E
/
13.9869444°N 10.27°E
/
13.9869444; 10.27
|
Guidan Roumji
|
Maradi
|
10,744
|
13°51′00″N
6°58′00″E
/
13.85°N 6.9666667°E
/
13.85; 6.9666667
|
Illela
|
Tahoua
|
15,805
|
14°27′42″N
5°14′51″E
/
14.4616667°N 5.2475°E
/
14.4616667; 5.2475
|
Kollo
|
Tillaberi
|
10,533
|
13°18′31″N
2°19′51″E
/
13.3086111°N 2.3308333°E
/
13.3086111; 2.3308333
|
Madaoua
|
Tahoua
|
22,175
|
14°06′00″N
6°26′00″E
/
14.1°N 6.4333333°E
/
14.1; 6.4333333
|
Magaria
|
Zinder
|
17,776
|
14°34′00″N
8°44′00″E
/
14.5666667°N 8.7333333°E
/
14.5666667; 8.7333333
|
Maine-Soroa
|
Diffa
|
10,176
|
13°13′04″N
12°01′36″E
/
13.2177778°N 12.0266667°E
/
13.2177778; 12.0266667
|
Maradi
|
Maradi
|
148,017
|
13°29′30″N
7°05′47″E
/
13.4916667°N 7.0963889°E
/
13.4916667; 7.0963889
|
Matameye
|
Zinder
|
17,930
|
13°25′26″N
8°28′40″E
/
13.4238889°N 8.4777778°E
/
13.4238889; 8.4777778
|
Mirria
|
Zinder
|
19,161
|
13°42′51″N
9°09′02″E
/
13.7141667°N 9.1505556°E
/
13.7141667; 9.1505556
|
Nguigmi
|
Diffa
|
15,922
|
14°15′10″N
13°06′39″E
/
14.2527778°N 13.1108333°E
/
14.2527778; 13.1108333
|
Niamey
|
Niamey Capital District
|
707,951
|
13°31′00″N
2°07′00″E
/
13.5166667°N 2.1166667°E
/
13.5166667; 2.1166667
|
Say
|
Tillaberi
|
10,502
|
13°06′29″N
2°21′35″E
/
13.1080556°N 2.3597222°E
/
13.1080556; 2.3597222
|
Tahoua
|
Tahoua
|
73,002
|
14°53′25″N
5°16′04″E
/
14.8902778°N 5.2677778°E
/
14.8902778; 5.2677778
|
Tanout
|
Zinder
|
15,779
|
14°58′13″N
8°53′30″E
/
14.9702778°N 8.8916667°E
/
14.9702778; 8.8916667
|
Tchirozerine
|
Agadez
|
10,032
|
17°15′37″N
7°45′03″E
/
17.2602778°N 7.7508333°E
/
17.2602778; 7.7508333
|
Tera
|
Tillaberi
|
19,508
|
14°00′38″N
0°45′11″E
/
14.0105556°N 0.7530556°E
/
14.0105556; 0.7530556
|
Tessaoua
|
Maradi
|
31,667
|
13°45′12″N
7°59′11″E
/
13.7533333°N 7.9863889°E
/
13.7533333; 7.9863889
|
Tillaberi
|
Tillaberi
|
16,683
|
14°12′22″N
1°27′12″E
/
14.206146°N 1.453457°E
/
14.206146; 1.453457
|
Zinder
|
Zinder
|
170,575
|
13°48′00″N
8°59′00″E
/
13.8°N 8.9833333°E
/
13.8; 8.9833333
|
Niger's
subtropical
climate is mainly very hot and dry. Much of it is covered by
desert
. In the extreme south there is a tropical climate on the edges of the
Niger River
basin. The land is mostly desert plains and
sand dunes
. There is flat to rolling
savanna
in the south and hills in the north.
-
Gazelle
-
Elephants
-
Violet turaco
-
Black-headed lapwing
-
Blue-naped mousebird
There are several ethnic groups in Niger:
The
literacy rate
(the amount of the adult population who can read or write) of Niger is among the lowest in the world. In 2005 it was estimated to be only 28.7% (42.9% male and 15.1% female).
[19]
Primary education in Niger is required for six years.
[20]
The primary school enrollment and attendance rates are low, particularly for girls.
[20]
Children are often made to work rather than attend school. This is particularly true during planting or
harvest
periods.
- ↑
Republique du Niger, "Loi n° 2001-037 du 31 decembre 2001 fixant les modalites de promotion et de developpement des langues nationales." L'amenagement linguistique dans le monde
Archived
19 October 2018 at the
Wayback Machine
(accessed 21 September 2016)
- ↑
"Nigerien ? definition of Nigerien in English from the Oxford Dictionaries"
.
Archived
from the original on 1 March 2018
. Retrieved
1 March
2018
.
- ↑
Peter, Laurence (27 July 2023).
"Niger soldiers announce coup on national TV"
.
BBC
. Retrieved
27 July
2023
.
- ↑
https://www.africanews.com/2023/08/08/niger-junta-appoints-new-prime-minister/
- ↑
"Report for Selected Country Groups and Subjects (PPP valuation of country GDP)"
. IMF
. Retrieved
14 November
2018
.
- ↑
World Economic Outlook Database, January 2018
Archived
3 May 2018 at the
Wayback Machine
,
International Monetary Fund
Archived
14 February 2006 at
Archive-It
. Database updated on 12 April 2017. Accessed on 21 April 2017.
- ↑
"World Economic Outlook Database. Report for Selected Countries and Subjects"
.
International Monetary Fund
. 17 April 2018.
- ↑
World Economic Outlook Database, April 2018
Archived
26 April 2018 at the
Wayback Machine
,
International Monetary Fund
. Accessed on 17 April 2018.
- ↑
World Bank GINI index
Archived
9 February 2015 at the
Wayback Machine
, accessed on 21 January 2016.
- ↑
Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene
(PDF)
. United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343?346.
ISBN
978-92-1-126442-5
. Retrieved
16 December
2020
.
- ↑
Which side of the road do they drive on?
Archived
14 April 2012 at the
Wayback Machine
Brian Lucas. August 2005. Retrieved 28 January 2009.
- ↑
12.0
12.1
"ISO 3166"
. ISO Online Browsing Platform.
Archived
from the original on 17 June 2016
. Retrieved
12 May
2017
.
- ↑
13.0
13.1
"UNGEGN World Geographical Names"
. United Nations Statisticsc Division. 1 March 2017.
Archived
from the original on 28 July 2011
. Retrieved
12 May
2017
.
- ↑
How Do You Pronounce "Niger"?
Archived
14 March 2012 at the
Wayback Machine
from
Slate.com
, retrieved 4 March 2012
- ↑
"Niger."
The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition
. 2003. Houghton Mifflin Company 22 February 2013
thefreedictionary.com/Niger
Archived
12 May 2013 at the
Wayback Machine
- ↑
Hunwick, John O.
(2003) [1999].
Timbuktu and the Songhay Empire: Al-Sadi's Tarikh al-Sudan down to 1613 and other contemporary documents
. Leiden: Brill. p.
275
Fn 22.
ISBN
90-04-11207-3
.
- ↑
Population figures from citypopulation.de
, citing
(2001) Institut National de la Statistique du Niger
.
- ↑
fallingrain.com
.
- ↑
"Africa :: Niger ? The World Factbook - Central Intelligence Agency"
.
www.cia.gov
. Archived from
the original
on 2020-04-24
. Retrieved
2008-02-19
.
- ↑
20.0
20.1
"Niger"
Archived
2008-12-05 at the
Wayback Machine
.
2001 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor
.
Bureau of International Labor Affairs
,
U.S. Department of Labor
(2002).
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
public domain
.
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Niger
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