Shanghai
上海
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Municipality o Shanghai ?
上海市
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![Clockwise frae top: A view o the Pudong skyline; Yuyuan Garden, China Pavilion alang wi the Expo Axis, neon signs on Nanjing Road, an The Bund](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Shanghai_montage.png/250px-Shanghai_montage.png) |
![Location o Shanghai Municipality athin Cheenae](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Shanghai_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg/250px-Shanghai_in_China_%28%2Ball_claims_hatched%29.svg.png) Location o Shanghai Municipality athin Cheenae
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Coordinates:
31°12′N
121°30′E
/
31.200°N 121.500°E
/
31.200; 121.500
Coordinates
:
31°12′N
121°30′E
/
31.200°N 121.500°E
/
31.200; 121.500
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Kintra
| Fowkrepublic o Cheenae
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Settled
| 5t?7t century
|
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Incorporatit
- Toun
| 751
|
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- Coonty
| 1292
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- Municipality
| 7 Julie 1927
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Diveesions
-
Coonty-level
-
Tounship-
level
| 16 destricts, 1 coonty
210 touns an subdestricts
|
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Govrenment
|
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? Teep
| Municipality
|
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?
CPC Ctte Secretary
| Han Zheng
|
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? Mayor
| Yang Xiong
|
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? Congress Chairman
| Yin Yicui
|
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? Conference Chairman
| Wu Zhiming
|
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Area
|
---|
? Municipality
| 6340.5 km
2
(2,448.1 sq mi)
|
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? Water
| 697 km
2
(269 sq mi)
|
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Elevation
| 4 m (13 ft)
|
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Population
|
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? Municipality
| 24,256,800
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? Rank
| 1st in Cheenae
|
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? Density
| 3,800/km
2
(9,900/sq mi)
|
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?
Metro
| 34,000,000
|
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Demonym(s)
| Shanghainese
|
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Time zone
| UTC+8
(
Cheenae Staundart Time
)
|
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Postal code
| 2000
00?
2021
00
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Area code(s)
| 21
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GDP
[7]
| 2014
|
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- Tot
| CNY
2.356 trillion
US$383.55 billion (
11t
)
|
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- Per capita
| CNY97,555
US$15,880 (
3rd
)
|
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- Growth
| 7%
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HDI
(2010)
| 0.814
[8]
(
2nt
) ?
very heich
|
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Licence plate
prefixes
| ?A, B, D, E, F, G, H, J, K
?C (outer suburbs)
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Ceety flouer
| Yulan magnolia
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Website
| www.shanghai.gov.cn
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Shanghai
(
Cheenese
:
上
海
;
pinyin
:
Shangh?i
;
Shanghainese
: Zanhae
[z????he]
; Mandarin:
[???ŋxai]
) is the maist populous ceety in
Cheenae
an the
lairgest ceety proper
in the warld. A
global ceety
, Shanghai exerts influence ower commerce, finance, cultur, airt, fashion, research an entertainment. The ceety is locatit at the middle portion o the Cheenese coast, an sits at the mouth o the
Yangtze River
.
Ance a
fishin
an textiles toun, Shanghai grew tae importance in the 19t century due tae its
favourable port location
an as ane o the ceeties opened tae foreign trade bi the 1842
Treaty o Nanking
.
[9]
The ceety flourished as a centre o commerce atween
east
an
wast
, an became a multinaitional hub o finance an business bi the 1930s.
[10]
Efter 1990, the
economic reforms
introduced bi
Deng Xiaoping
resultit in intense re-development an financin in Shanghai, an in 2005 Shanghai became the warld's lairgest cargo port.
[11]
The ceety is a
tourist
destination renouned for its historical landmarks such as
the Bund
an
City God Temple
, an its modern an iver-expandin
Pudong
skyline includin the
Oriental Pearl Tower
. Today, Shanghai is the lairgest centre o commerce an finance in
mainland Cheenae
, an haes been described as the "showpiece" o the warld's
fastest-growin major economy
.
[12]
[13]
The twa
Cheenese characters
in the ceety's name are
上
(
shang
) 'abuin' an
海
(
h?i
) 'sea' which thegither literally mean 'Upper Sea'. The earliest occurrence o this name dates frae the
Song Dynasty
(11t century), at which time there wis awready a river confluence an a toun wi this name in the aurie. There are disputes as tae exactly hou the name shoud be interpretit, but offeecial local histories hae consistently said that it signifies 'The upper
reaches
o the sea'. Due tae the changin coastline, Cheenese historians hae concludit that in the Tang Dynasty Shanghai wis literally on the sea, hence the oreegin o the name.
[14]
Anither readin an aa suggests the sense o "go ontae the sea," which is consistent wi the seaport status o the ceety. A mair poetic name for Shanghai switches the order o the twa characters,
H?ishang
(
海
上
), an is aften uised for terms relatit tae Shanghainese airt an cultur.
Shanghai is commonly abbreviatit in Cheenese as
Hu
(simp:
?
/trad:
?
). This character appears on aw motor vehicle license plates issued in the municipality today. This is derived frae
Hu Du
(simp:
?
?
/trad:
?
瀆
), the name o an ancient fishin village that ance stood at the confluence o
Suzhou Creek
an the Huangpu River back in the Tang Dynasty.
[14]
The character Hu is aften combined wi that for Song, as in Wusong Kou, Wu Song River, an Songjiang tae form the nickname
Song Hu
. For example, the Japanese attack on Shanghai in August 1937 is commonly cawed the Song Hu Battle. Anither early name for Shanghai wis Hua Ting, nou juist the name o a fower star hotel in the ceety.
[14]
Ane ither commonly uised nickname
Sh?n
(
申
) is derived frae the name o
Chunshen Jun
(
春
申
君
), a nobleman an locally revered hero o the
Chu Kinrick
in the 3rd century BC whose territory includit the Shanghai aurie. Sports teams an newspapers in Shanghai aften use the character
Sh?n
(
申
) in their names. Shanghai is an aa commonly cawed
Sh?ncheng
(
申
城
, "Ceety o Sh?n").
Twin touns an sister ceeties
[
eedit
|
eedit soorce
]
Shanghai haes
ceety pairtnerships
wi the follaein ceeties an regions:
[15]
Yokohama
,
Japan
-
1973
Osaka
,
Japan
-
1974
Milan
,
Italy
-
1979
Rotterdam
,
Netherlands
-
1979
San Francisco
,
Unitit States
-
1979
Osaka Prefectur
,
Japan
-
1980
Zagreb
,
Croatie
-
1980
Hamhung
,
North Korea
-
1982
Manila
,
Philippines
-
1983
Antwerp
,
Belgium
-
1984
Karachi
,
Pakistan
-
1984
Chicago
,
Unitit States
-
1985
Montreal
,
Canadae
-
1985
Piraeus
,
Greece
-
1985
Gda?sk
,
Poland
-
1985
Nagasaki Prefectur
,
Japan
-
1986
Hamburg
,
Germany
-
1986
Casablanca
,
Morocco
-
1986
Gothenburg
,
Swaden
-
1986
Marseille
,
Fraunce
-
1987
Sao Paulo
,
Brazil
-
1988
Saunt Petersburg
,
Roushie
-
1988
Istanbul
,
Turkey
-
1989
Ho Chi Minh Ceety
,
Vietnam
-
1990
Alexandria
,
Egyp
-
1992
Busan
,
Sooth Korea
-
1993
Port Vila
,
Vanuatu
-
1994
Dunedin
,
New Zealand
-
1994
Haifa
,
Israel
-
1994
Tashkent
,
Uzbekistan
-
1994
Porto
,
Portugal
-
1995
|
|
Aden
,
Yemen
-
1995
Windhoek
,
Namibie
-
1995
Lunnon
,
Unitit Kinrick
-
1996
Santiago de Cuba
,
Cuba
-
1996
Rosario
,
Argentinae
-
1997
Espoo
,
Finland
-
1998
Jalisco
,
Mexico
-
1998
Liverpuil
,
Unitit Kinrick
-
1999
Maputo
,
Mozambique
-
1999
Dubai
,
Unitit Arab Emirates
-
2000
Chiang Mai
,
Thailand
-
2000
KwaZulu-Natal
,
Sooth Africae
-
2001
Guayaquil
,
Ecuador
-
2001
Valparaiso
,
Chile
-
2001
Barcelona
,
Spain
-
2001
Oslo
,
Norawa
-
2001
Constan?a
,
Romanie
-
2002
Algiers
,
Algerie
-
2003
Colombo
,
Sri Lanka
-
2003
Aarhus Coonty
,
Denmark
-
2003
Bratislava Region
,
Slovakie
-
2003
Hauraki Destrict
,
New Zealand
-
2003
Salzburg
,
Austria
-
2004
Nicosia
,
Cyprus
-
2004
Cork
,
Ireland
-
2005
Winston-Salem
,
Unitit States
-
2006
Basel
,
Swisserland
-
2007
Boras
,
Swaden
-
2007
Sarajevo
,
Bosnie an Herzegovinae
-
2008
Manaus
,
Brazil
-
2009
Yerevan
,
Armenie
-
2009
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