???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voyager_1

?????? 1

Voyager 1
?????	NASA / JPL
????????????	Flyby
Flyby of	Jupiter , Saturn
???????? ?????	1977-09-05 12:56:00 UTC ( 46 years, 8 months and 18 days ago)
???????? ?????	Titan IIIE - Centaur
?????????????	Space Launch Complex 41 Cape Canaveral Air Force Station , Florida, United States
????????? ???????	In progress (Interstellar mission) ( 46 years, 8 months and 18 days elapsed) Jupiter encounter (completed 1979-04-13) Saturn encounter (completed 1980-12-14)
COSPAR ID	1977-084A
Homepage	NASA Voyager website
??????	721.9 kg (1,592 lb)
???	420 W (3 RTGs )
References: [1]

????????????????????? ????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? (Interstellar medium) ???????? ??? 1977? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????? 1 . 722 ????????? ???????? ? ????? 23 ???? 2024, ^{[2] [3]} ???? ??????? 46 years, 8 months and 18 days ??????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????. 124.02 AU (1.855 × 10 ¹⁰  km) ????????? ?????? ^[4] as of ?????? 2013 ^[update] ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????? ????????? ???????????????????. ?????? ? ????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ???????????????????????. ^[5]

?????? 1-?? ????? ????????? ?????? 2-?? ????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????????????????????. ?????? ???? (Kuiper belt), ????????? (heliosphere), ???????????? ??? ???????????????????????? ??????? ???? ???????. ??????????? ????? ?????? 1980, ????? 20-?? ?????????. 1979-? ????????????? 1980-? ?????????? ^[6] ???????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????????. ???????????? ????? ???? ?????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????? ????????????? ?????? 1 ???.

????????????? ?????????? [ ????????? ]

??????? [ ????????? ]

1960-???? ??? ???????????? ????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????? ??????????????. ? ??????????? ???????? ??? 1970-???? ? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????. ????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ????????? (Gravitiy assist) ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????? ?????????????? ????? ???????????? ?????????? ????? ??? ????????????. ???????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ?????????????? ???.

???????????? ????? ????????? ????? ??????????????????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?????????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ( ?????? , ??? , ??????? , ??????????? ) ???????????? ??????????????????. ??????????? ?????? 1 ????????? ????????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????? 11 ???????????????????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????? ?????. ?????? ??????????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????????????????. ^[7]

??????? ??? [ ????????? ]

??????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????, ????? ?????? ????????????????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????????????????. ^[8] ????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ???????????????. ???????? ????????????? ?????, ????? ?????????????, ??????? ????????????, ?????? ???????????? ???????????? (????????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ?????, ????????? ????????????? ????????????? ????????????? ??????) ????? ??????????, ??????????????? ?????, ?????????????????? ???????, ??????????? ????, ????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ? ??????? ???????? ????????????????????????. ???????????? ?????????? ????????? , ??????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???? ??. ??????? ????????????????????????.

???????????? ????????? [ ????????? ]

?????? 1 ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? . ????????? 16 ???????? ???????????? ?????. ???????????? ?????????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????????????????? ?????????????? , ???????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????????????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????????????. ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ???? ?????????????? ????????? ???????? (Attitude and Articulation Control Subsystem) ???? AACS ????? ????????????. ???? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ???? 8 ???? ?????????????? ??????????????????. ????????? ????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ???????????????????? ???????????????? 11 ????????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????????. ^[9]

????????????? ??????????? [ ????????? ]

????????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????. 3.7 ?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ?????????? (Parabolic high gain antenna) ???????????????????? ( see diagram ). ? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?????? 1 ?????????????????????????????. ???????? ??????? ? ???????? S-???????? (?????? 13 ???????????? ???? ??????? ) X-??????????? (?????? 3.6 ???????????? ???? ???????) ?????????? ????????????????. ??????????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????????? 115.2 ???? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????, ?????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????????????? ???????? ????????????????? ? ???????? ??? ?????? 1 ?? ????????.

?????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????, ?????? 1 ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? 62,500 ?????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ????????? ??????. ^[9] ?????? 1 ?????? ?????????? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ???? t = D / c ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ??????. ? ????????????, D ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????? ??????, c ???????????????? (?????? 300,000  ??.??/?????????).

?????????????? [ ????????? ]

??????

Date Event 1977-09-05 ??????? ???????????? 12:56:00 UTC. 1977-12-10 Entered asteroid belt . 1977-12-19 ?????? 1 ?????? 2 ?? ?????????. ( see diagram ) 1978-09-08 ????????????? ??????. 1979-01-06 ????????? ??????????????? ????? . Time Event 1979-03-05 Encounter with Jovian system . 06:54:00 Amalthea flyby at 420,200 km. 12:05:26 Jupiter closest approach at 348,890 km from the center of mass. 15:14:00 Io flyby at 20,570 km. 18:19:00 Europa flyby at 733,760 km. 1979-03-06 02:15:00 Ganymede flyby at 114,710 km. 17:08:00 Callisto flyby at 126,400 km. 1979-04-13 Phase Stop 1980-08-22 Start Saturn observation phase. Time Event 1980-11-12 Encounter with Saturnian system . 05:41:21 Titan flyby at 6,490 km. 22:16:32 Tethys flyby at 415,670 km. 23:46:30 Saturn closest approach at 184,300 km from the center of mass. 1980-11-13 01:43:12 Mimas flyby at 88,440 km. 01:51:16 Enceladus flyby at 202,040 km. 06:21:53 Rhea flyby at 73,980 km. 16:44:41 Hyperion flyby at 880,440 km. 1980-12-14 Phase Stop 1980-12-14 Begin Voyager Interstellar Mission. More 1990-02-14 Final images of the Voyager Program acquired by Voyager 1 to create the Solar System "Family Portrait" . 1997-09-05 20 years of continuous flight and operation at 12:56:00 UTC. 1998-02-17 Voyager 1 overtakes Pioneer 10 as the most distant man-made object from the Sun , at 69.419 AU . Voyager 1 is moving away from the Sun over 1 AU per year faster than Pioneer 10 2003-05-11 First spacecraft to reach a distance of 90AU from the Sun. 2004-12-17 Passed the termination shock and began exploration of the inner heliosheath. 2007-02-02 Terminated Plasma subsystem operations. 2007-04-11 Terminated plasma subsystem heater. 2007-09-05 30 years of continuous flight and operation at 12:56:00 UTC. 2008-01-16 Terminated planetary radio astronomy experiment operations. ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ????????, ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????? 2013? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ?????? ???????????????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ?????????????????????????????? ????????????????? ????????????? ??????. [10] ?????? [ ????????? ] ↑ "VOYAGER:Mission Information" . NASA. 1989. Archived from the original on 2014-02-22 . Retrieved January 2, 2011 . ↑ Peat, Chris (September 9, 2012). "Spacecraft escaping the Solar System". Heavens-Above. Retrieved September 9. 2012. ↑ Voyager 1 , Where are the Voyagers ? NASA Voyager 1 ↑ current operation time ↑ NASA Spacecraft Embarks on Historic Journey Into Interstellar Space [1] Archived 2020-06-11 at the Wayback Machine . ↑ The term "visit" is used here in the sense of "approach". ↑ Chapter 11 "Voyager: The Grand Tour of Big Science" (sec. 268.), by Andrew,J. Butrica, found in From Engineering Science To Big Science ISBN 978-0-16-049640-0 edited by Pamela E. Mack, NASA, 1998 ↑ Ferris, Timothy (May 2012). "Timothy Ferris on Voyagers' Never-Ending Journey" . Smithsonian Magazine . Archived from the original on 2013-11-04 . Retrieved June 15, 2012 . ↑ 9.0 9.1 "VOYAGER 1:Host Information" . NASA. 1989. Archived from the original on 2012-09-09 . Retrieved January 2, 2011 . ↑ "????? ????? ???????????; ??????????" . Archived from the original on 2013-06-25 . Retrieved 2013-06-25 . ??????????????????? ????????????????????? ??????????? ? ????? ????????????. ??? ???????????????? ?????????? .