???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? , ?????????? ????? (????. Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries, OPEC) ? ???????, ???????? ?????? ????????????????? ???????? ?????? , ?????? , ?????????? ?????? , ?????? , ????? , ????? , ??????? , ????? , ??????? , ?????? ?????????? , ?????? ??????? , ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? . ???????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????????? , ???????? ?? ?????? . 1965 ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????-???? ?????? , ????????? ??????????.

???????????? ??????? ??????, ???????? ????????, ??? ???????? ???????????, ????????????? ?? ??????????, ??????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????, ??? ????????????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????, ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????. ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????; ?????????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????????, ????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????, ??????? ???? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????.

?????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ?? ??????. ???-???? ????? ????????? ??? 1973 ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????, ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????. ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????? ????????? ???????, ???????? ????? , ?????????? ????? ???????????? ????????????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ????. ?????????? ?????, ????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????. ?? ??????????? ???????? ???-???? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????????????.

??????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

???????????? 13 ????? ?????. ?????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ????????.

??????

•   ?????? (2007)
•   ?????? (?????? 1969)
•   ?????? (1975-1995, 2016)
•   ?????????? ?????? (2017)
•   ?????? ?????????? (2018)
•   ????? (????????? 1962)
•   ??????? (?????? 1971)

???? ???????????

•   ????? (?????????? 1960)
•   ????? (?????????? 1960)
•   ??????? (??????????, 1960)
•   ?????? ??????? (?????????? 1960)
•   ?????? ????????????? ?????????? (???????? 1967)

???????? ???????

•   ????????? (?????????? 1960)

?????? ???????

•   ????????? (1962-2008, ???????-???????? 2016)
•   ?????? (1961-2019)
•   ???????? (1963-1993, 2007)

?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????????, ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????? (????? ????? ??????? ????????). ?????? ???? ????? ??????? - ???????? - ?????????? ??? ???? ?????????.

????????? ?????????? [ ??????????? | ?????? ??????????? ]

• ?????????? ?????
• Concise Encyclopedia of Economics: OPEC
• OPEC Timeline by Nicolas Sarkis, from Le Monde diplomatique , May 2006
• The OPEC Fund for International Development (OFID) official site
• Stefan Schaller on OPEC's inability to contol the market ???????????? 2015-04-27 ?????? Wayback Machine .
• Statistics of the fuel oil prices from 2010 to 2011 in Germany ???????????? 2012-06-16 ?????? Wayback Machine .