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ערך מומלץ
???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
????? "???????" ???? ????. ???? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ????? ??????? .
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George Gershwin
ג'ורג' גרשווין, 28 במרץ 1937, כ-4 חודשים לפני מותו
?'???' ???????, 28 ???? 1937 , ?-4 ?????? ???? ????
???? 26 ??????? 1898
??????? , ????? ????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
????? 11 ????? 1937 (???? 38)
??????? , ????? ????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
?? ???? Jacob Gershwine עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
?? ??? Gershwin עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
???? ????? ??? ?????? ????'??? ???? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
???? ?????? ????? ????? ארצות הברית ????? ?????
????? ??????? 1916 ? 1937 (??21 ????)
???? ????? , ?'?? , ?????? ?????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
??? ?????? ?????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
??? ????? ????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
????? ??????
  • ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ( 1986 )
  • ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ( 5 ????? 1998 )
  • ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ( 1998 )
  • ?????? ???? ?? ??????? עריכת הנתון בוויקינתונים
gershwin .com
?????? ?-IMDb
????? חתימה
לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית
???? 42 ???? ? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?-1919, ???? ?? ??? ???????

?'???' ??????? (? ?????? : George Gershwin ;‏ ????? ???? ??????? , 26 ??????? 1898 , ??????? , ??? ???? ? 11 ????? 1937 , ??????? , ??? ???'?? ) ??? ?????? ?????? ????? - ??????? , ?????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ???????. ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? 39 ????, ????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?-20 ????? ?? ??????? ?????????.

???????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????: 1. ??? ??? ?????? ?????; 2. ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? , ?????? ? ?????-??? ?? ????? , ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? " ??? ?????? ???????? ????? " (Great American Songbook), ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ? ???????? ?? ?'?? ; 3. ?? ???, ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? , ????? ?????? ? ?????? , ????'??? ??? ????? ( ????? ??? ). ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????, ???? ????? ????? ???????, ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ????????, ????: ?????? , ?'??, ???? , ? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ???????? . ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????; ???? ??? ???, ????? ? ???? ?????? , ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???, ???? ??????? ?? ?"??? ?????" ??? ??????: [1]

????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????. ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ????????.

?????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????

??????? ???? ????? 1898 ? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? . ???? ??? (?????) ???? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????? ????????? ????-???? ?- 14 ??????? 1890 . [2] ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???????, ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????. ?????? ????? ?- 21 ????? 1895 , ????? ????? ????? ???? ????????. ?'???' ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????. ????? ??????, ????? ( 1906 ? 1999 ), ????? ?????? ???????, ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ( 1900 ? 1981 ), ????? ????? ??? ????? (?????) ??????? , ?????? ???? ?????? ????? . ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? (?'???'), ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????????, ???? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ? ?? ????????. [3]

??? ????? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? (??? ????), ???? ????? ??? [4] [5] ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ????????. ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?'???? ?????? (Charles Hambitzer), ???????? ???? ?- 1912 . ?????? ???? ?? ? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?- 1918 . ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????, ????? ??? ?? ???? , ???? ? ????? . ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ? ??????? , ?????? ???? ? ???? . [6] ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? (Rubin Goldmark), ?????? ????? (Edward Kilenyi) ? ???? ????? , ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????? .

????? ??? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? Welte-Mignon ???? 1927
????? ??????? ??????

?? ?????? ??? ??????? ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????. ??? ?? ???? ????, ???? ????? ???? ?? 15 ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?'??? ????, ??? ???? Jerome H. Remick and Company ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. ????? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????????, ????? ?????????, ?????? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ????? "??? ?????? ???????? ?????".

??????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????, ???? 1914 , ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? (Piano Rolls) ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????. ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? -"?????" ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ????????? ????. ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ?? ??????? ??????-?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ????? ?????. ??????? ?????? ???, ???? ??????? ?? 15 ???? ?????. [7] ???? 1975 ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? " ??????? ????? " ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?-20 , ??? ?????? (38 ???? ???? ????) ?????? ?????? ?'?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? .

?????? ??? ??????? ??????. ???? 16 ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????, When You Want 'Em You Can't Get 'Em, When You've Got 'Em, You Don't Want 'Em (??????: "????? ???? ????, '?? ?? ???? ????'??, ????'? ????, '?? ?? ???? ????"). ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?????? ????, Rialto Ripples , ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???. ????, ??????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ???, ???? ??????? ?"????-????? ?? ??? ?????". [8]

??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ????, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??????, ?????? ?????? , ?????? ???? ???? ????? ? ??????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? La La Lucille , ???? ? ???????? ?- 1919 ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?-29 ?????? ???????? ??????? ????. ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ? ??????? , ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????.

Swanee [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? swanee, ?????? ?? ?'????? ?????? ?- 1920

???? 1918 ????? ??????? ?? ???? Swanee (? ????? ??? ???????? ????) ???? ???? ??????? ??? Demi-Tasse . ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????. [9] ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? "?????". ???? ??????, ???? ???????? ?????, ?? ?'????? , ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ???? Columbia Records ???? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? 18 ?????? ?- 1920 , ???? ??? ????? ??????. [10]

???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????, ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???. ? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? "???? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????, ????? ????? ????, ?? ???? ????????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????." [11] ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??????.

1919?1924 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????, ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???????

???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????? , ???? ???? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ????????. ?? ???, ??? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? (??? ???? ), ??????? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???? ???????, ??? ????, ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? (????? ????????).

????, ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?'???'. ?????? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?'???'. ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????, ??? ????, ????? ??????? ??? ? ??? ???? , ? ??? ???? ??? , ?????? ????? ???? , ? ??????? ?? ?????? , ??????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? .

??????? 1923 ???? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ? ??? ????? ? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?'?? ?????? ????????? ??????. ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???, ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???'?? ??? ?? ?????? ???????.

??? 1923 ?-1924 ???? ?'???' ?????? ???????, ??? ?????, ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????? ?????????. ????? ??????? ???? ??? Lady, Be Good ("????, ??? ????"), ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? , ??????? ????? ?????? 1924 . ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? Fascinating Rhythm ("??? ????"), ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?'?? ????, ???? ?????, !Oh, Lady Be Good , ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????'??? ???? ???? ???? ???. ??????, ???? ?????, ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????.

?- 1923 ?????? ?'???' ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? Rainbow ("??? ????") ????? ? ?????? . ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????, ???? 1923, ??????? ?? ???? .

Blue Monday [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? 1920?1924 ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?"?????" (??? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????, ???? ????? ????????-????) George White's Scandals , ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ????? , ?? ?'?????, ??. ??. ????? , ??? ???? ????. ????? ?? 1922 (??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????) ???? ??????? ?????-?'?? ?????? ??? ??? Blue Monday ( ??? ???? : "??? ??? ????? / ????? / ??????") ?????? ?????? ???????, ???????? ????? ?" ????? 1" ???. [12] ?????? ?????, ??????? ????? ??? ? ????-???????? ? ????? , ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?'?????, ??????-????? ????? (??????) ??????? ????? ??????? ???????, ??? ? ???? ??????? . ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? (?? ?????? ????? ???? ?? "??????? ?????"), ?????? ??? "???? 135" (???? ????? ??????), ?? ???? ?????? ????-???????. [13] ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????????: ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??'?? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????, ????? ?????? ??? "????? ???". [14]

??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? , 1945
??? ????? ? ??????? ?????

?????? 1924 ??? ?? ??????? ? ???? ? ????? ? ??? ??? "??? ??'??" ??? ?????? , ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????????? ???, [15] ?????? ?????? ???'?-????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ???. ?????? ??? ?? ???????, ????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? 1924 ??? ?????? "??? ?????? ?????????" [16] ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ? ????'??? ?????? ??????? ?'??, ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ????? ???, ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???; ?????, ???????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????. ??????, ??????? ?? ??? ?????, ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????, ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ???? ? ???? ??????, ?- 12 ??????? 1924. ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????, ?????? ?? ????? Primrose , ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?- 11 ??????? .

???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?" ?????????? ?? ??????, ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????". ?? ???, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? (???? ????????? ??? ?????) ??? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????. [17]

?????? ????? ???????? ? ???? ?? ???? ??'?? , ???? ??? ????? ????? 16 ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ???? ??????? ????? ? ??? ???? , ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ??'??? ?? ?????? , ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? . ?????? ??????? ????, ??????? ?? ?????, ???? ?????? ??? ?????, ??? ??????? ????? ?????? (?????? ?????? ?? ?"??????? ????? ?????"). [18]

??????? ?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????, ????? ???????, [19] ???????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????, ???? ??? ?? "???????? ?????" ?? ??? ????? ???? ????????, ?? ?? ??? ???? ?"?????????? ????????". ?????, ??????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????, ???? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????, ?? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????, ?-1918. ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????????. ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ??? ???? ??????? ( 1884 ) ???? ? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? , ???? ?? ? ??? , ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?- 1908 . ?????? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? . ??? ???? ??? ?- 1915 ???? ?? ?????? ????? , ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????. ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????, ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?- 1919 , ??????? ???? ????, ????? ????????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?? 1923 . ??????? ??? ???????, ??????, ??????? ?????? ??? "??? ???", ????? ?? ?????-????? ??? Blue Monday . ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? (?????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???????), ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????-??? ??????? ???. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ????? , ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???. ????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ????.

?-1923 ??? ??????? ??? ????? (?????) ???????, ?????? ?? ????'?? ????? ?? ???? ??????. ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? , ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????. ????? ????, ????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???????, ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? "??? ???" (???? ??????? ???? ???? ??), ???? ??????? ?"?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????". ??????? ?? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????, ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????.

??? ??? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ????:

????? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? ? ?????????? , ??? ????? ???? ???, ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????. ?? ??? ???? ?????????, ??? ??????, ??? ????... ??? ????? ???? ?-32 ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????... ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????.

? ???? ?????? ?-1947 [20]

1925?1930 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? 1924?1925 ??? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????. ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????. Tip-Toes ,‏ [21] ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? (????? ???? ?? ?? Lady, Be Good), ???? ?????? ?- 28 ?????? 1925 ???? ?-192 ????? ????????? ?-182 ????? ???????. ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ?????, ????? ? ???? ? ???"? ?? ??????? ?? ??????, ??? ?? ?? "????? ????? ?? ??????????", ???? ??????? , ?????? ?'??, ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????. [22] ????? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????'??? ??? ??? ??'?? (??? ???? ), ????? ? ???'?? ????????? ????? ????? ???? Song of the Flame . ??????? ??? ?????? ???, ??? ????? ?????, ?????? 1925 ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? . [23]

???????, ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????, ???? ?????? ??'?? ??????? ???????? ????-???????? ???? ????-??????? (Negro Jazz, ????? ??????), ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??'?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ???? (??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????'??? ? ????? ???????? ????????, ???? ?? ?? ??? ??????, ???'?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ????????). ??? ??? ???? ? ??????? ?'?? ? ????? , ???? ????? ?'???? ?. ?'????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????? ? ?????? ????? , ? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? . ??? ??? ?? ?? ???'?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????, ???? ???? ????? ??. [24] ??????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ?????? ? ??? ???? , ??????? ??????? ???????-????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ?????, ???? ???? ???? ???????. [25]

?????'??? ??? ??'?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???? 1925 ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? "????'??? ??? ????", ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????????. ?- 3 ?????? 1925 ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????'??? ? ????? ??? , ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? (Walter Damrosch), ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????. ?????'???, ????? ???? "????'??? ? ?? ??'??", ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ????'????????. ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????, ???? ?????? ?? ?????'??? ??? ?????? ?'??????? (????? ???????), ?????? ?? ??????? ??????????. ???? ??????, ?????? "Adagio - Andante con moto", ??? ???? , ??? ???? ???? ?????? . ???? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ???'??. [12] ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????'??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????.

??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????, ???? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ? ????? ???????? ? ??????? ???????? . ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? (???? ?????? "Blue Monday" ?????????), ???????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? , ?????? , 2 ?????? , ??? ?????? , 2 ???????? ?? ???? , ?-2 ???????? ??, 2 ?????? , 4 ????? ??? , 3 ??????? , 3 ????????? , ???? , 3 ??????? , ??? ???? ( ????? , ???? , ?????? , ????), ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ???????, ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????????, ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????; ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? ????, ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????????? . ???????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? , ?? ??? ????? ??????, [26] ???? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????.

?- 1928 ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????'??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ??? ??????. ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ????. ??????? ?????? ?? ?????'??? ???? Columbia Records ??? ?????? Music for Moderns ("?????? ?????????"). [27]

??, ???! [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??????, ?????? 1920

???? ?????? ??????????? ????? 1925 ????? ????? ?????? ?? 1926 ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????. ?????? 1926 ??? ??????? ? ??? ?????? (Kay Swift;‏ 1897 ? 1993 ), ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? . ??????, ???? ?????? ????? (???? ???????) ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?'??? ??????, ????? ???????? ?????? (????? ??? ???? ?'?????? ). ??????? ???, ????? ??????? ???????, ??? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ????, ??????? ??????. ?????? ???? ????? ?? ? ?????? ??????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? ??????. ????? 1926 ??? ???? ?"????" ??????? ?? ????? ????-??????. ???? ???? ????????, ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ????????, ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???????. ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????; ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? , ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ????????. [28]

????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? (????? ???? ???? ?-1926 [29] ), ????? "????? ???" ?????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ?- Lady, Be Good ?????? ???? ????? ?? ????????. ?????, ??? ????? ?? ????? ???, !Oh, Kay , ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ?. ?. ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ????? ????? (???? ?????: ????? ???? ??? ). ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?'???, ??? ????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?- 8 ??????? 1926, ????? ?????? 256 ????? ????????? ?-213 ????? ? ???? ??? ???????.. [30] ????????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ?"????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????", ??'???' ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?????. [31]

??? ?????? ??????, Clap Yo' Hands ("???? ?????"), ???? ? ???? ??????? , ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? , ?????? ????-????? ????-???????? ????? ? ????? . ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ( ?????? ! ??????!) ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????-?????????. [32] ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? "??????? ???", ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? (? ???????? ????? ? ??? ????? ) ???? ?????? ????.

Strike up the Band: ?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? ????? "??, ???!", ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????, Strike up the Band , ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ? ?'???' ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ? ????? ????? ??????? . ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????, ?? ???? ?????, ????? ?????? ???-???? ????? ??, ??? ??? ???? ?????. ??????? 1927 ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????, ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????????. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?????, ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? , ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ; ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????????? ?? ?????? . [33] ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????, ????? The Man I Love (??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ??????) ???? ????, ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? " ???? ?????? ??????? ". ????? ??? ????? ?- 1930 . [34]

?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? Funny Face ("???? ???????"; 1927 ), ???? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????, ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?????????. ???? 1957 ???? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ?????? . [35]

??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ??????? ?????
??????? ????? (???? ?????), ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????. ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????, 7 ???? 1928.

???? 1928 ????? ??????? ? ???? . ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ? ?????? ? ???? ????? . ???, ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????, ???? ?? ??????? ?????? "??????? ?????". ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ????? , ????? ??????? , ?'?? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ?? ?????? . ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????????? , ???? ??? , ???? ???? ? ???? ???? .

??? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? , ????? ?? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ????????-??? ??????? ?? ????? "??????? ?????". ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??, ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ???, ???, ?????? ?"?????? ???? ??????? ?????". ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????. [36] ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????. ??? ????? ?????, ??????? ???? ?????? ???????, ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ? ??????? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? , ???? ??, ??????, ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ??????. [37]

?????? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ??????? ????????. ??? ???? ? ??? ??? ??????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? , ?????? ???? ?????. ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????, ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???-??? , ????? ????? "???? ????, ??? ??? ??? ???? ????!" [38]

??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????, ???? ??, ????? ????? ???????? ??????, ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? (?????? ??? ?????), ?'???? ? ????????? . ????? ?? ???????, ?????? ????? ????, ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? . [39]

????? ?????? ????? ?- 13 ?????? 1928 ? ????? ??? , ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? . ????? ?? ???????, ??? ?????? ????, ???? ??? , ?????? ????? , ?????? ?????, ????? ??????? ????????? , ??? ????? , ???'?? ???'?? ???? ??????, ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ??? ? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? "??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?????". [40] ??????, ????? ?????, ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????? ???????.

???? 1951 ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ?'?? ??? , ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?????. ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???.

???? "???? ??? ????" [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??????? 1926 ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???, ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?- 1918 ?? ????? ????? ??'?? ?' ?????, "???? ??? ????" ( East is West ). [41] ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? , ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ? ??? , ???? ???? ????? ??? ????-??? ????? ???? ? ?? ???????? . ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ????? ?????-??? ??? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? 1929 .

??????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? "?????? ?????" ???? ?? ??????. ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?"?? ??????? ?? ? ?????? ", "??? ?? ???????" ?"???? ????", ????? ??????? "???????????". ?? ???? ???? ????? Embraceable You , ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????? ?????-???????????.

????? ???? ???? ????? ????????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ????????, ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ?? ????? ??"?????" ??? ?????. ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ???-?????? ?????? ????? . ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ?????, ?? ? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ? ????? ?????? ????? . ?????? ????? ????????, ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????, ????? ??'???' ??????? ??????? ?????? ???. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? " ????? ???????? " ( Show Boat ), ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????.

????? ??????? ??????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?'???' (????) ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? Girl Crazy

??????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? Show Girl ("???? ??????"), ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????-???? ??????? ??? "????? ????", ???? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?'??? ?' ??????? (McEvoy), ?????? ????? ???? ?????? , ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? "??????? ?????". ??? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? 111 ?????. ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? . [42]

????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? Girl Crazy ("????? ?? ????"), ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????. ?????? ????? ?- 14 ???????? 1930, ????? ???? ?? 272 ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? ?'???'? ???'?? , ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? I Got Rhythm ("?? ?? ???"), ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???. ????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? Embraceable You ?- But Not For Me , ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????. ??????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??'?? ?? ??????, ??? ?'?? ????? , ???? ????? , ?'? ?????? , ??? ????? , ?? ?????? ? ??? ???? (??? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ???'??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ????????). ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????, ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? 1943 ??????? ?? ???? ???? ? ?'??? ?????? . [43]

???? ????????? ?? ???? I Got Rhythm ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?'?? ???? ????????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?'?? ????. ???? ? ??????? ?? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? , "?????" ?? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ? ????? . ????? ??????? ?? 32 ? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???'? ?'????'? , ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?'?? ???. ??? ???? ?? "????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??????, ??? ?????". [44]

??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ? ?????? , ??? ??????? ?? ???? ????????? ? ???? ???? ?-1931, ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????, ?'?? ????? ???? ?????, ???????? ?? ????? ?????? , ??? ?????? , ???? ????? ? ?'???? ????????? , ???, ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?'???? ????? ? ???? ?????? ?- 1947 ??????? ?? ?'?????? ???? , ?????? ????? ????? ? ??-??? . [45] ?? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???, ???? Salt Peanuts ?? ??????, Anthropolgy ?- Moose the Mooch ?? ?????, Oleo ?? ???? ?????? , Lester Leaps In ?? ???? ???? ????? ?????. ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ???.

?? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ?????: ?????? ??? Of Thee I Sing (" ?????? ??? ?? "; 1931 ), ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?????? . ??????, ???? ?????? ??????? , ?????? ?????? ???????, ????? 441 ?????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? . [46] [47] ?????? ????, Let 'em Eat Cake ("?????? ?????", ? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ; 1933 ) ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ??'???' ??????, ????? (??? ???? ?-80 ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????) ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? "??? ?? ????????" ????? ???? ???????.

???????? ??????? ??? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????, ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?" ?????? " (?? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ) ??? ???? ??????, ???? ????? ?-1929 ?????? ???? ?? " ?????? " ??????. ????, ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?????; ?? ???, ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? . ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??-??? ??????? (DuBose Heyward), "?????", ?? ????? ??? ????? ????-???????? ? ???????? ??????? , ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?- 1934 .

??????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????????. [48]

??????? ??? 1926 ???? ??? ???????, ??? ?? ?'???' ???????. ??? ????? ????? ???? (Margaret Manners). ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ?'??? ????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??'???', ?? ?? ?? ???. ??????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????-????. ???????? ??? ?????? ???????. ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ????? Someone to watch over me ???? ???? ???. [49]

??????? ????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ??????'?

??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?-1927 ??? ???? ????, ????? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? "tone clusters" ("??????? ??????"), ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???????. ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???????. ????? ?????, [50] ??????? ??? ????? ??????, ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? "??????" ?? ??????? ??????, [51] ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?'????? ???????? . ??????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????.

????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??????'? (??? ??????? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? , ??????? ???????? , ????'?? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? , ??????? ?'??? ? ????? ???????? ), ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??????. ???? ???? ????, ???? ?????? ???? 1938 , ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??. [52] ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????, ?????: "???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????". [53] ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? [54] ?????, ???? ?????????? ????-???? ???? ????? ??? ???????. [52]

????? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ?????? ?? ???????, [55] ?????'? ?????????? ??? ???????? " ??? ???? " ???? "????" ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????.

?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ????????, ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????????? ???????? ????. [56]

1931?1936 [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ??????, ??? ???????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?- 5 ??????? 1930 ???? ?'???', ????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? , ?? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????, Delicious ,‏ [57] ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????.

???? Delicious ????? ????? ?????? "???????" ?? ?? ???? ??????? "??????? ???-??????". ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???, ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???. ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ????? ?? ?????? ?-14 ????. ??? ??? ?? "???????? ?????", "???????? ??? ????" ?- Rhapsody in Rivets ("??????? ???????", ??? ? ????? -????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ), ?? ????? ????? ??? "???????? ??????". ?????? ??????? ? ?????? ?- 29 ?????? 1932, ?? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? , ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????. ????? ????? ???? ????, ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????, ???? ?? ??? ????? ???????, ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ???? ?????-??????.

???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? " ?????? ??? ?? " ( Of Thee I Sing ) ?????????. ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ????? . [58]

???????? ??? ???????, ???????? ?? "I Got Rhythm" ?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?-1932 ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? , ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ??? ?????. ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???, ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?"?????????". ????? ???? ???? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????, ???? ??????, ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?"????? ???". [59]

?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?????????? , ???? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ????. ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ??. ???????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ? ?????? ???? ???? ????? 1932, ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ?????? ????????. ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????????, ??????? ???????? ??????? ????-????, ???? ????? ?? ???????-??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ????. ??????, ??? ??? ??????? ?????? "?????", ????? ????? ????? ????-????-????. ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????????, ????? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? , ?????? , ??? ???? ???? (Gourd) ? ????? ??????? (??????) (Claves). ??????? ???, ??? ?"?????", ?? ??????? "??????? ?????", "???????? ??????", ?????? ?- Of thee I sing , ?????'??? ???, "???????? ?????" ??????? ?????. ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ?? "?????? ???????", ?????? ????? ????? ????????? ????? ? ???? ?-50 ?????. ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ?"????? ??????", ???? ???? ??? ????? ?"?????" ??? ????? ??????? ????????. [60]

????? ??? 1933 ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?'?? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ????????, ??????? ?? ?'???? ?????, ???????? ?? ???? I Got Rhythm . ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????, ????? ???????. ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????. ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????????: ?????? ???? , ? ??????? ???????? , ?????? ????????? ??????? ?'??. [61] ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? 1934.

??????? ??????? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ???

?????? ?? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ?????, ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????: ??? ??? ???? ??????? , ??? ????? (?????? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????????) ???? ???? ???????, ??? ?????-??? ? ?????? . [62]

??????? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ?'???' ???? ? ???? ????? . [63] ??? ?? ??? ????? ????? ? ??? ??? ? ???? ??? . ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????. ??????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ????, ??????? ?"??????? ??????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??". [64] ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ????? , ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????????. ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?? ????????? . ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ????-?????? ????????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????, ?????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?????. [65]

??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????, ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????.

???????????, ??? ??????? ??????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ???? 1934 ????? 1935 ??? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?? ??? ? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? (Gregory Zilboorg), ???? ?????????????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???-????. ????? ????????? ?? ???????, ?'??? ?????, ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????. ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ????.

??????? ?????? ???????? ????? ? ?????? , ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????, ????? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ???????. ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ??, ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ? ????????? (????, ?????, ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??????, ?? ?'???' ??? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ????). ??????? ????? ? ?????? ????- ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????- ??????? . ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? (?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ), ??? ? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ? ???????? . ???? 1953 ???? ? ?????? ?'??? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?" ?????? " ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????. [66]

????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ????? ???
??? ?????? ?? ?????????, ???? ??? ?? ??????? (??????? ?????? ??????? )

?????? ?????? ????? (??????? ????? ????? "????? ?????", Folk Opera) ?? ????? ??? ?????-???????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? 1927, ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? "?????" ??? ??-??? ???????, ???? ???????? ??????? (?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ? ????? ?????). ?-1928 ????? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????, ????? ????????? ????? ??-??????? ?? ??? "????? ????????". ?- 1933 ???? ???????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????, ??????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??????. ???? ?? 1934 ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ????. ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????, ??? ????????? ?????? ????? Life Begins at 8:40 ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ????. ? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? (???? ??? ???????, ??? ????? ?????? Summertime , "?? ???"), ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????, ??? It Ain't Necessarily So ("?? ?? ????? ??"), ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????-?????. ??? ?????, ? ???????? (?????) ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ????-??? ???????. ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????-???? ????? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ?? 700 ????? ? ???????? ??, ????? ??????? ??????? ????? (David Ewen), "????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????.". [67]

?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? "????? ?????" ??? ???????:

?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??, ??????? ??? ?????, ??????, ????? ???????, ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ??????... ?? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????.

?????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???: Summertime .‏ [69]

?????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ?"????? ???" ??????? ???? ???. ??? ??? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ?? ????? . ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????; ??? ?????, ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????, ??? ??????? ? ?????????? . ??????? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? , ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????, ???? ????? ???? ????: "????? ???? ??? ???, ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ?? ?????? ????? ???. ???? ?????? I'm on My Way , ?????, ????????". [67]

??????? 1935 ????? ????? ???? ? ?????? , ???? ????? "?????" ?? ??????. ?- 10 ???????? 1935 ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????, ?? 124 ?????? ????. ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? "????" "?????" ?? "?????". ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????. [70] ???? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?- 1940 . ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????.

???? ??????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? 1936 ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? , ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ? ????????? , ?????? ???? ?????? ? ??????? , ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????. ??????? 1936 ???? ?? ?'???', ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ???'?? . ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????, ??? ????? ????? ????? ????. ????? ??? ?????? ?'???' ????, ??????? ??????? ????? ???????. ??? ??????, ????? ???? ???????, ????? ???? ????, ????? ??? ?'???' ????? ??????. ?????????? ????? ????? ??? ????, ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????, ?'???'? ???'??, ?'??? ???, ????? ???? , ????? ???? , ?? ?????? ??????. ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? . [71]

???? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? , ???? ????? ?? ?'???? ?'???? , ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ???????, ????????, ???????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?????? ???????, ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ? ???????? .

?Shall We Dance ? ???? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?? ??? ?? ???? Shall we dance. ??? ??????: ?'???' ???????, ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ? ?'???'? ???'?? . ??????, ????? ?????: ? ????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? (Hermes Pan), ????? ??? ??????' (Mark Sandrich), ????? ??????? (????) ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? (Nat Shilkret)

?????? 1937 ????? ????? ??'???' ??????? ????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??'???'? ???'??, ?Shall We Dance ("???????"), ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ????????. [72] ???? ??? ???? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ????'?? ????-???? ???? ????? ("???????") ??????? ?? ???? ????? ????????, ?????? ????? ???????????, ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?????????. ?- ?Shall we Dance ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ??????????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ?????????????? ???? ???????, ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ? ????? , ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ????. ??? ???? ?????, ???? ????'??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? Walking the Dog ("?????? ?? ????"; ???? ?? "??????"), ????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ????, ?????? ??? ????? "????" ?? ????? ???????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???'??, ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ????? ???, ???? ????? ????. ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????????. [73]

?????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?? ?'???' ?????? ???????: They All Laughed ("???? ????") ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???, Let's Call the Whole Thing Off ("??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???") ?- They Can't Take That Away from Me ("?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????"), ??? ???? ????? ? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???????. ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???. ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????. ??? ??? ????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ??? (??? ???? ). ??????? ?????? ???? ?"??????? ???? ???? ????". [74]

???? ??? ??????? ???? 1937 ???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????, ???? ????? ??? ?? ???????, ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? "???????? ?????". [75]

??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ??? The Goldwyn Follies ("??????? ????????"), ???? ??????? ?-1938. ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?'??? ??? . ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???????, Our Love is Here to Stay ("?????? ??? ??? ??????"). ???? Damsel in distress ("???? ??????") ??????? ?? ??? ???? ? ?'??? ??????? , ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ????, ???????? ?? ?????? Things Are Looking Up ("?????? ???????"), A Foggy Day (in London Town)‎ ("??? ????? ??????? ????") ?- Nice Work If You Can Get It , ???? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????.

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

? ?????????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????

??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? 1937 . [76] ??? ? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?????, ??????? , ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?-1934, ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ???????, ?? ?? ???? ??? ????. ?- 23 ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? "???? ??????" (Cedars of Lebanon) ? ??? ???'?? , ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ???????????????? ??? ???????, ???? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????????. ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ????, ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???????, ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??????. ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???????: ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????, ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???????. ?? ???? ????? ??????, ??- 4 ????? ??? ??? ?? . ?- 9 ????? ??? ? ????? . ?????? ?"???? ??????", ??? ?????? ????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ????? . ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ?? ???????.

?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????, ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????????????? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? , ???????? ???? ???? , ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ???'??. ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????. ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????? 11 ????? 1937 . ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????.

????, ???? ???? ?? 39 ???, ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ? ???? ???? ???.

????? ???? ? ???? ???? ????, ??- 15 ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? 3,500 ??? ? ??? ????? ????-?? ???? ????, ??????? ???? ????? "??? ????" ???? ???'?? (??????? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?'??? ???, ???'?? ?????, ?????, ???????? ????? ???? ????). ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ????? ??? ???? . ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ????, ??? ?????, ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ??????. ??????? ???? ???? ?????? "????? ???" (Mount Hope), ??? ???? ???? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ???.

?- 9 ??????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ??????? (Lewisohn Stadium) ???? ???? ???? 20,223 ?????, ??? ??? ??????? ??????, ???????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? "????? ???" ???????? ?? ??? ????? . ?- 8 ??????? 1937 ?????? ? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????, ?? ?'????? ??????, ???? ????? ?-26,000 ?????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????. ??????? ???? ? ???? ????? ?????.

???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ??????? ??????? ????, ???? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????, ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?????. ????? ???????, ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????, ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????. ??? ????? ???? ???, ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????, ????? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ????? (???? Strike up the band ?- 1940 [77] ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??'??? ????? ?- Lady Be Good ?- 1941 [78] ). ?- 1945 ???? ???? Rhapsody in blue ,‏ [79] ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????. ????, ??? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? (???? ????? ????, ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???????, ??? ?? ?'?????, ?'???' ????, ??? ?????? ??????), ??? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?"????? ??????? ?????????". [80] ????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???????. ?- 1951 ???? ???? " ??????? ????? " ??????? ?? ?'?? ??? . ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???????, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? "??????? ?????", ????? ??? ??? ?? 18 ???? ?????? ??????. ???? ??? ? ??? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? .

???? 1946 ????? ??? ??????, ???????? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? Sleepless Night ("???? ??? ????"), [81] ???? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????, ?? ??- 1973 ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? "Impromptu in Two Keys": ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ?-1929, ???? ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ??????. [82]

??? ????? 1945 ? 1951 ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? (???????????, ??????, ???????, ?????????' , ????? ?? ????? ??? ). [83] ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ???? ??????? , ????????-??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? , ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????-???????. ?- 1949 ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ??????? . ?- 1953 ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? (?-Blue Express; ?????? ? ?? ???? ?- 1959 ). ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????, ???? ?????? ??????? ?? "?????? ?????? ???". [84] ?- 1957 ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ?? ?????? , ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ( ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? "??? ?????? ????". [85] ????? ????? ???? ? ???????? ??? ?? "??????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????". [86]

???????? ????? ??'?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ?? ??? ????'??? ? ???? ?????????

??????? ??? ??? ???????? ??'?? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??"?????" ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????. ??????? ?? ????? ?? Embraceable you , Fascinatin’ Rhythm ??? I got Rhytem ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????. ??? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ?'?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? Things Are Looking Up , ‏ S Wonderful' ‏, The Man I Love ‏ A Foggy Day ??? ????? Summertime . [87] ?- 1957 ?????? ??? ????'??? ? ???? ????????? ????? ?"????? ???". ??????, ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?'??, ???? ?- 2001 ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? . ???? 1959 ?????? ????'???, ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????, ????? ??????? ????? Verve ??? ????? Ella Fitzgerald Sings The Gershwin Songbook , ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?? " ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ". ?????? ?????? ??? ?- 1960 ???? ?????. ??????? ?? ????'??? ????? ?"????? ?????" ?? ??????. ????? ??? (1959) ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? "????? ???", ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ?'????? ????????? ????. ??? ???? ???, ?- 1958 , ?????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? , ????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ? ??????? ????? , ??? ?'?????? , ???? ?'? ?'??? ????.

???? ?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? 1972 [88] ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? (Alec Wilder), ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????????. [89] ????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????, ??? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????????????, ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? (??? ???? ).

?- 1979 ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? " ????? " ?????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? , ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???????, ?????? ?????? ???, ??????. ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????, ?? ??????, ?? ?????? "????? ???". ? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???? , ??????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???, ??????? ?? ? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ????????? .

????? ????????? 1984 ? 1985 ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?-72 ??????? ????????, ???? ???? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? ???????, ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ???????? ?? ??????? (???? ?? ?"??????? ?????", "??????? ?????" ???????? ?????) ????? ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????.

????? ? ????????? ?????? ???? ?-90 ???? ?? ?? ???? ???????; ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????. ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??, ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????. ???? 1992 ????? ???????? ?? ??? ????????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?- 1916 . ?? "????? ???" ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?-90, ????? ?????? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ??? ?????????.

?- 1985 ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ? ??'???' ?????? ???????, ?? "?????? ??????-??-???? ???????, ???????? ??????? ?????????". [90]

???? 1998 ??? ????????? ??????? ???'?? ??????? (Crawford) ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ?" ???? " (Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians):

??? ??? ?'?? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ???? ?-14 . ??, ?-1998 ??????? ??? ????? "?? ?????" ?? ???, ?????? ??????.

? . [91]

??????? 2001 ?? ?"????" ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?-20.

???? 2007 ???? ??????? ??? "?'???' ?????? ???????" ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? , ???? ??? ?????? . ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ??? ???? . [90]

??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???? ??? ????? ????? , ??????? ???? ??. ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ????, ?????? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ????. ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????, ????? ???????, ????????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? , ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???. ??????, ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ????????, ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ???????, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????. ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? "The Gershwin Estate", ????? (??? ?? ??? ???? ???? , ???? ???? ????? ??????) ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????????. [92]

????????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????????? [93] ??????? ?? ????? ?'???' ??????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? (Isaac Goldberg, 1930), ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ??????? ????, ???? ????? ??????? ???? ? ???????? . ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????, ????? ????? ???????, ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?'???', ????? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?'???' ???????. ?? ??? ?????????? (????? ?????, ?? ?????? ????? ??? ???????; ?????, ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???) ?????? ????? ????-???????. ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?-90, ????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ??? ??????. ??????? ?????? ???? ????, ????, ???? ????? ???? ??????. ?????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????'?, ?????????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ???? ?? ????? "?????" ???? ?????? ?? ????????. ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ? ????? ??????????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? (???? ??????) ??'???? ?'????, ??? ?????? , ?? ?????? ?????? (????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ???????), ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ????? , ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????????. ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? . ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ?-90.

???? ???? ???? ?? ?'???' ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????. ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ??????' (Merle Armitage) ???? ???? ??????? ?-1938. ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? (Edward Jablonski and Lawrence D. Stewart) ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? "The Gershwin Years", ???? ??? ?-1958. ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? "The Gershwins", ?-1973. ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????, ???????? ????????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???.

?? 1973 ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????????? ("?????? ??????"). ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? (David Ewen), ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?-1943, ?????? ????? ?-50 "George Gershwin: his journey to greatness" ?-"George Gershwin: Man and Legend", ??? ???? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? (???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ? ????? ? ????? ). ???? 1973 ???? ?'???? ????? (Schwartz) ?? ???? "Gershwin: His Life and Music", ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????????? ?? ???? ??????????. ???? 1991 ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? (Deena Rosenberg)‏ "Fascinating Rhythm: The Collaboration of George and Ira Gershwin", ?????? ?????????? ?????? , ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? . ??? ????? ????? ???? "The Life and Times of Porgy and Bess: The Story of an American Classic" ??? ????? ????? (Hollis Alpert). ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? (Steven E. Gilbert) ‏ "The Music of Gershwin". ?? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?-1998, ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????, ?????? ????? ?????? ??, ??? ???? ????? ?? ?'???? ?? (Carles Hamm), ????? ????? ??????? ????? "The Gershwin Style: New Looks at the Music of George Gershwin". ?????, ????? ????? ?? ??? ‏" Towards a New Reading of Gershwin", [94] ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????, ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???. ???? ???? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????????, ???? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????-??????? . ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????, ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????????? ?"???????".

?????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ?? ???????, "????? ??????? ???? ????????", ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ? ?????? ??????? :

?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ?????. ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ?"????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ?-20", [63] ??? ?????? ? ???? ?-90 ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????, ???? ????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????, ?? ????????? ??? ???????, ??????? ?? ?'?? ????? ?????, ????? ?? ?????? ? ????'?? , ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ?"?????? ??? ?????????". ???? Clap Yo' Hands ????? ?????? "??! ???" ????? " ???? ??????? " ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?????-???????? (? ?????????? ); ????? ??????? ?? ???? I Got Rhythm (????? ???'? ?'????'? ) ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?'??, ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??'?? ??? ? ???? . [96]  

????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????.

?????? ????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? . ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ????, ???? ???? ???? ???? ? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????. ??? ??? ?? ??? , ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? , ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??????, ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? . ???? ???????? ???-???? ????? ?? ?????, ????? , ??????? ? ???? ??? , ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???, " ???? ", ??? ?????? ? ???????? . [97]

???? ?????? ?????? ???, ??????, ????? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ? ???? . ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ???. ??? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????, ?? ????? ?? ?????, ???????? ??? ?? ???????. [98]

?????? ?? ?????, ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ??????? ??????, ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? Do it again ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? Nice Work if you can get it .

??????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ? ????????? ?????? "????? ???", ??? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????. ?? ???, ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ?'???' ???? (????? " ???? ") ???? "??????" ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? (???????, ????? ?? "????"). [99]

????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???.

??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???'?? ???'?? ????????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ????????, ??? ? ?'??? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ???????, ???? ????????? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????; ?????, ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????. [100]

??????? ??'?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??'?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??'?? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???. ???? ??????? ??? ?? "?????? ?? ??????? ?? ?'?? ????? ?????" (? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? [101] ), ?? ?? "???? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? embraceable you, ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?'???? ????? ??????? ???????" (? ????????? Andre Hodeir), [102] ?? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? (Barbera) [25] ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? "??????" ?? ????'?:

??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????. ?? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????... ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??????, ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????.

??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????, ??? ??? ???? 1925 ????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? , ??????? ??'??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ??'??. ??????, ????, ??? ?"?? ?????? ??'?? ??? ??? ???? ?"?????" ?????? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ???"., [104] ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????, ??????? ???? ?? ??????. ???? ???? ???????? ?'?? ????, ?????? ????? ??? ???, ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ???????, ??????? ??????? ??????, ???? ?? ??????? ????? ???, ????? ???, ??????????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???????.

????? ???????:

?'?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ??????... ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ???... ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????, ??? ???? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????.

? David Ewen, George Gershwin : his journey to greatness, p. 289

????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?-50 ??? ???? ???? "???????" ? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?? (????? ??? ???? ? ??????????? ? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ) ??????? ?? "??????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????????. ???? ?????????? ??????????, ????? ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ????." ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??'??? ??? ?"???????" ? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????. ?? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????????? ???????????; [94] ???????, ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????, ???????, ?????????? ??????, ???? ??????? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ?????, ??????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ?? ???? ?-19 . ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? "?????" ????-????-????, ???? ??? ?? ?????. [105]

?? ???? ??? ???? ???????????, ????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????, ????? ??? ?? ??????? ?"???" ???, ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?-90, ??? ?? ???????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??'?? ?????-???????. ?? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????-????? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ???????, ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???????? ???????, ???? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????. ??????? ?? ?'???? ???? ?? I Got Rhythm ?- Embraceable You ????, ???? ????, ?? ?? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????.

?????? ???????, ?? ??, ?????? ????: ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ? ?????? ?????? "???" ??????, ???? ??????? ?????????, ?????? ??'??, ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? "?????? ??? ?????????".

????? ???? ???? [55] ?? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ???? "???????".

????? ?????? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???????, ??? ??? ?????????. ?? ????? ????? ??? ?????? "???????" ??????? ????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????.

??? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?????/?????
1916 When You Want 'Em, You Can't Get 'Em ???
1917 Rialto Ripples ??? ???????
1918 (The Real American Folk Song (Is a Rag ??? ?????:????? ???????
1919 Swanee ??? ?????:??????? ????
1919 La, La, Lucille ????? ?????:??????? ????
1922 Blue Monday ?????? George White's Scandals of 1922
???? ?? "???? 135" 		????? ?????? ??? ???????? : ??' ??' ?? ?????? (B. G. de Sylva)
1924 ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ?????: ??? ?????
1924 Lady Be Good ?????
  • Fascinating Rhythm
  • Lady Be Good
?????:????? ???????
1924 Primrose ????? ?????:????? ???????
1925 ????'??? ??? ??'?? ????'??? ?????? ????????
1925 Short Story ????? ?????? ??????
1925 Tip-Toes ????? ?????:????? ???????
1926 3 ??????? ?????? ???????:
  • ??? ???? ??'??
  • ??? ???? ?????
  • ??? ???? ?????
1926 !Oh Kay ????? Clap Yo' Hands ?????:????? ???????
1927 Strike Up the Band ?????
  • The Man I Love
  • Strike Up the Band
?????:????? ???????
1927 Funny Face ?????
  • S Wonderful'
  • He Loves and She Loves
  • ?How Long Has This Been Going On
?????:????? ???????
1928 ??????? ????? ????? ????????
1929 Show Girl ????? ?????:????? ???????
1930 Girl Crazy ?????
  • I Got Rhythm
  • Embraceable You
  • But Not For Me
?????:????? ???????
1931 ?????? ??? ?? (|Of Thee I Sing) ????? ?????:????? ???????
1931 Delicious ??? ??????? ?????:????? ???????
1932 ???????? ?????? ????? ????????
1932 ????? ?????? ????? ????????
1933 Let 'Em Eat Cake ????? ?????:????? ???????
1934 ???????? ?? I Got Rhythmu ????? ????????
1935 ????? ??? ????? ??????:????? ???????? ?????? ???????
1937 ?Shall We Dance ??? ???????
  • They Can't Take That Away from Me
  • They All Laughed
  • Let's Call the Whole Thing Off
?????:????? ???????
1937 A Damsel in Distress ??? ???????
  • Things Are Looking Up
  • (A Foggy Day (in London Town
  • Nice Work If You Can Get It
?????:????? ???????
1938 The Goldwyn Follies ??? ???????
  • Our Love is Here to Stay
?????:????? ???????
1946 "Sleepless night" ????? ?????: ??? ??????

?????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?- 17 ?????? 1996 , ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 6 ???? ??? ?????? "????? ??????? ?????? ?????", ?????? ???????? ?? 6 ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???? ????, ??? ??? ?'???' ??????? . ?? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???. ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??-?? ????? ?? ???? ????. [106]

?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  • Isaac Goldberg, George Gershwin: A Study In American Music , Simon & Schuster , 1930. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Merle Armitage (Ed.), George Gershwin , Da Capo Press, 1938. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Merle Armitage, George Gershwin: Man and Legend , Books for Libraries Pr., 1958. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • David Ewen, The Story of George Gershwin , H. Holt, 1943. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • David Ewen, George Gershwin : His Journey to Greatness , Prentice-Hall, 1958. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Edward Jablonski, Lawrence D. Stewart, The Gershwin Years , Da Capo Press, 1973. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Robert Payne, Gershwin , Robert Hale Publishers, 1960. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Robert Rushmore, Life of George Gershwin , Atheneum, 1968.
  • Charles Schwartz, Gershwin: His Life And Music , Da Capo Press, 1973. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Robert Kimball, Alfred Simon, The Gershwins , Cape Publishers, 1974. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Edward Jablonski, Gershwin , Doubleday, 1987. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Gregory R. Suriano (ed.), Gershwin in His Time: A Biographical Scrapbook, 1919?1937 , Diane Pub Co., 1998.
  • Norbert Carnovale, George Gershwin: a Bio-Bibliography , Greenwood Press, 2000. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • William G. Hyland, George Gershwin : A New Biography , Praeger Publishers, 2003. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Jablonski, Edward. Gershwin Remembered , Amadeus Press, 1992. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Robert Wyatt, John Andrew Johnson (Eds.), The George Gershwin Reader , Oxford University Press, 2004. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Howard Pollack, George Gershwin. His Life and Work , University of California Press, 2006. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Joan Peyser, The Memory of All That: the Life of George Gershwin , Simon & Schuster, 1993. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Walter Rimler, George Gershwin : An Intimate Portrait , University of Illinois Press, 2009. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Ean Wood, George Gershwin: His Life & Music , Sanctuary Press, 1996. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Catherine Reef, George Gershwin: American Composer , Morgan Reynolds Inc., 2000. (???? ?????? ULI)

?????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  • Steven E. Gilbert, The Music of Gershwin , Yale University Press , 1995. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Allen Forte, Listening to Classic American Popular Songs , Yale University Press, 2001. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Jon Alan Conrad, Style and Structure in Songs by George Gershwin , University Microfilms International, 1988. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Wayne Joseph Schneider, George Gershwin’s Political Operettas: Of Thee I Sing (1931) and Let ’em Eat Cake (1933) and their Role in Gershwin’s Musical and Emotional Maturing , University Microfilms International, 1988. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Walter Rimler, A Gershwin Companion , Popular Culture, 1991. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Gregory Sloop, What Caused George Gershwin's Untimely Death? in Journal of Medical Biography 9 (February 2001): 28?30.
  • Hollis Alpert, The Life and Times of Porgy and Bess: The Story of an American Classic , Nick Hern Books, 1991.
  • Michael Feinstein, Nice Work If You Can Get It: My Life in Rhythm and Rhyme , Hyperion Books, 1995.
  • Deena Ruth Rosenberg, Fascinating Rhythm: The Collaboration of George and Ira Gershwin , University of Michigan Press, 1997. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Wilfred Sheed, The House That George Built: With a Little Help from Irving, Cole, and a Crew of About Fifty , Random House , 2007. (???? ?????? ULI)
  • Ari Katorza, Stairway to Paradise: Jews, Blacks, and the American Music Revolution , De Gruyter, 2021. (???? ?????? ULI)

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ????????
ויקיציטוט ??????? ???????????: ?'???' ???????
ויקישיתוף ?????? ????? ???????????: ?'???' ???????
  • ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?'???' ??????? (???????)

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 111
  2. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 1
  3. ^ GREENBERG, Rodney, George Gershwin, London: Phaidon Close Limited, 1998, p. 14
  4. ^ Ruth Leon, Gershwin , London: Haus Publishing, 2004, p. 8, Schwartz, Charles (1973).
  5. ^ Gershwin, His Life and Music , New York, NY: Da Capo Press, Inc. p. 14. ISBN  0-306-80096-9
  6. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 38
  7. ^ GREENBERG, Rodney, George Gershwin, London: Phaidon Close Limited, 1998, p. 25 ISBN  0-7148-3504-8 .
  8. ^ ???? ????? ????? ?? George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 15
  9. ^ ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????? .
  10. ^ ????? ????? ?????? Chart-Toppers of the Twenties.
  11. ^ ???? Open Writing ????? ??? ??????. (?????? ???? ????, 30 ???? 2017)
  12. ^ 1 2 George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 93
  13. ^ Kunzel revives Gershwin .
  14. ^ ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ?? John Andrew Johnson "Gershwin's Blue Monday (1922) and the Promise of Success", ????: ' The Gershwin style: new looks at the music of George Gershwin ' , ??' 111?133.
  15. ^ ??? 1920?1928 ??? ???????? 28 ????? ???? ????? ????? ???????, ???? ???? ??? ???. [ Whitburn, Joel (1996). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 6th Edition (Billboard Publications)].
  16. ^ Schiff, David (1997). Gershwin: Rhapsody in Blue. Cambridge University Press. ISBN  0-521-55077-7 p. 53.
  17. ^ GREENBERG, Rodney, George Gershwin, London: Phaidon Close Limited, 1998, pp. 74-75.
  18. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work ??? Howard Pollack , ??' 298.
  19. ^ ???? ????? ????? ?? George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland , ??? 3: Musical Influences, ??' 37?43.
  20. ^ The George Gershwin reader by Robert Wyatt, John Andrew Johnson p.292
  21. ^ Tip-Toes ???? ??????? IBDB (???????)
  22. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 101
  23. ^ ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? 20 ????? 1925 .
  24. ^ Carles Hamm, Towards a New Reading of Gershwin in Wayne Joseph Schneider, The Gershwin style: new looks at the music of George Gershwin pp. 6-7
  25. ^ 1 2 ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??'?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? Andre Barbera, George Gershwin and Jazz , in Wayne Joseph Schneider, The Gershwin style: new looks at the music of George Gershwin pp. 175 - 208
  26. ^ ????? ???????, ???? ???? (?????? ???? ????, 30 ???? 2017)
  27. ^ ??? ?? ????? ??????
  28. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland pp. 104 - 106
  29. ^ ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?- George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack pp. 390-391
  30. ^ !Oh, Kay ???? ??????? IBDB (???????)
  31. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland pp. 110
  32. ^ Fascinating rhythm: the collaboration of George and Ira Gershwin by Deena Rosenberg p.142
  33. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 113
  34. ^ Strike up the Band ???? ??????? IBDB (???????)
  35. ^ " Funny Face ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
  36. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack p. 431
  37. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack pp. 431-433
  38. ^ ??? ????? ???? ?-1934, ???? ???: George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack p. 434
  39. ^ The George Gershwin reader by Robert Wyatt, John Andrew Johnson p.290
  40. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack p. 439
  41. ^ ????? ????? ????? ?? George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack pp. 445-450
  42. ^ Show Girl ???? ??????? IBDB (???????)
  43. ^ " Girl Crazy ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
  44. ^ ????? ????, ????? ?? K. J. McElrath’s book of Jazz Standards Guide Tone Lines
  45. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack p. 479-480
  46. ^ Bloom, Ken and Vlastnik, Frank. Broadway Musicals: The 101 Greatest Shows of all Time. New York: Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, 2004. ISBN  1-57912-390-2 p.139-141
  47. ^ ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? .
  48. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack p. 463-464
  49. ^ Joan Peyser, The Memory of all That , SIMON &SCHUSTER, 1993. (???????)
  50. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack p. 127
  51. ^ Altered Chords, ??????? ??-????????, ??????? ???? ?????
  52. ^ 1 2 George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack p. 120
  53. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 44
  54. ^ ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????; ???: Gershwin leads composer rich list .
  55. ^ 1 2 The George Gershwin reader by Robert Wyatt, John Andrew Johnson p.291
  56. ^ Jablonski, Edward,Gershwin: A Biography. Double Day: New York, 1987. pp. 155?170.
  57. ^ " Delicious ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
  58. ^ Of Thee I Sing
  59. ^ The George Gershwin reader by Robert Wyatt, John Andrew Johnson p.292 ???? ?? Paul Nauert, 'Theory and Practice in Porgy and Bess: the Gershwin-Schillinger connection' in Musical Quarterary 78 (Spring 1994) pp. 3-33
  60. ^ Rimler, Walter. A Gershwin Companion (1991), pp. 284 - 287
  61. ^ GREENBERG, Rodney, George Gershwin, London: Phaidon Close Limited, 1998, pp. 152-155
  62. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack p. 202
  63. ^ 1 2 ?'?? ????? , ?????? ??????: ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? , ???, 1995, ??' 219.
  64. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack p. 201
  65. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack p. 205
  66. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack pp. 207-209
  67. ^ 1 2 Porgy and Bess in Classical Net
  68. ^ Rhapsody in Catfish Row: Mr. Gershwin tells the origin and scheme for his music in that folk opera called "Porgy and Bess", NYT ,October 20 1935
  69. ^ ??? ????? ????? ?-4,000 ?????? ?? ???? , ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?-22,000 ??????
  70. ^ 70 ??? ?"????? ???"
  71. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland pp. 191-200
  72. ^ " Shall We Dance ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
  73. ^ ???? ????? ?? George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack , pp. 669-711
  74. ^ George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack , p. 211
  75. ^ IMDb
  76. ^ ???? ????? ?? George Gershwin: his life and work by Howard Pollack , ??' 211?217.
  77. ^ " Strike up the band ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
  78. ^ " Lady Be Good ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
  79. ^ " Rhapsody in blue ", ???? ??????? ?????????? IMDb (???????)
  80. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 228
  81. ^ Sleepless Night, prelude for piano, reconstructed by Alicia Zizzo
  82. ^ Impromptu in Two Keys, for piano
  83. ^ David Ewen, George Gershwin: his journey to greatness, pp. 297-301.
  84. ^ David Ewen, George Gershwin : his journey to greatness p. 301
  85. ^ ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ???????
  86. ^ "?????" ???????? , ??? , 1 ???? 1957
  87. ^ jazz standards
  88. ^ ?????? ?????? ?? George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 234 - 235
  89. ^ Wilder, Alec (1990). American Popular Song: The Great Innovators 1900-1950. New York & Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN  0-19-501445-6 .
  90. ^ 1 2 ?? ??? ??????? (?????? ???? ????, 30 ???? 2017)
  91. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 226
  92. ^ ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ???????
  93. ^ ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? The Gershwin style: new looks at the music of George Gershwin
  94. ^ 1 2 Carles Hamm, Towards a New Reading of Gershwin in Wayne Joseph Schneider, The Gershwin style: new looks at the music of George Gershwin
  95. ^ ?'???? ??????? ?????? ???, ?????? ??? ?????? , ?? ???? , 1985, ??' 350.
  96. ^ ????? ??????? ???? ???? JazzBiographies . (???????)
  97. ^ David Ewen, George Gershwin : his journey to greatness p. 294
  98. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 39
  99. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland pp. 164-165
  100. ^ George Gershwin: a new biography by William Hyland p. 44
  101. ^ ????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????
  102. ^ ??? ???????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? Andre Barbera, George Gershwin and Jazz in Wayne Joseph Schneider, The Gershwin style: new looks at the music of George Gershwin p. 175
  103. ^ ?? ????????? ?? ????'?
  104. ^ Henry Cowell (Editor), American Composers on American Music ISBN  9780804460880 p. 187
  105. ^ ???? ??????? ?? Lawrence Gilman, ???? ??????? ?? ? ???? ??????? , ???? ?-Style, ??' 5.
  106. ^ ??? ??????? ????? ????? , ????? ???? ?????


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