??????

???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
??? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?-45 ?????, ???? ?? ??? "????????"
????? ????? , ?????? ?? ??????? ??????, ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ??????

?????? (????? ?? ???????-????????? , ? ?????? : Nationalsozialismus ?? ?????? Nazismus ; ????? ????? : ????????? ????? ) ??? ?????????? ?????? - ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????-??????????? (??????) ? ?????? ? ???? ?-20 ? ?-30 ?? ???? ?-20 . ??????????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????-??????. ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????-????? ???? ??????? ?" ??? " ? ????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??????, ????? ?"????" ?? "?????? ????????", ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ( ???????? ), ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????????? ?"????? ??????" (??????? ?????? , ????? ??? ? ?????? ), ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ? ????? ????? . ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?- 1945 ???? ????? ????? ?????? .

??1939 ??? ????? ?????? T4 - ??????? : ?????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? , ??? ??? ????? ?"?????", ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ???????????? , ?????? ??????????? ?????, ???? ???????? , ??? ??????? ???. ??????? ?? ????? ????? , ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? 1933 , ????? ????? ???????? ?????? " ?????? ????? ".

??????? ????? ?????-???? ??????? ???? ????? ? ???? ?????, ???? ? ???? ????? ???????. ??, ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????. ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ??????. ?? ???, ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??. ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? " ???-????? " ("????? ?????").

???? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? (Sozi), ????? ??????? ??????? ????? "?????????" ("?????????" ????? ??????). ????? ????? ??, ???? ?????? ????????-??????????? ???? ?? ???? " ???? " (Naso).

??????????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ????? , ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????, ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? " ???? ????? " (???????: Mein Kampf; "????? ???"). ??????, ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????-??????? . ??????????? ?????? ????? ? ????????????? ???? ??????? ? ????? ? ?????? ; ??????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????, ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? .

??????????? ??????, ??? ?????????? ??????? - ????????? - ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???, ???? ????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ??? , ??? ??? ????? ? ?? ?? ????? .

?????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ? ?????? , ??????? , ???????

?? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ??????? ??????, ????????? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ?????? ???? ????, ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????, ???? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ???? ? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????, ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??? ????. ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?????, ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ??????, ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????, ??? ??????? ????, ??? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????. [1] [2] [3] [4]

??????? , ?? ??????? , ??? ????? ? ???? ? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????. ?" ???? " ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ????, ?? ????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????. ????? ?"????" ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????????? ??????????. [5] [6]

????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?? ?????? , ??????? ????? ?? ? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ( ???-??????? ), ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????: "?? ???, ???? ???, ????? ???" (? ?????? : Ein Volk, ein Reich, ein Fuhrer ). ?? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????, ??? ??????? ?? ?????, ?? ????. [7]

???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? , ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????????

?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ??????????

??????? ??? ???? ????????. [8] [9] ???? ???, ??? ??? ????? ?? ???????? , ?? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? : ????? ??????? , ?????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? "??? ????". [10] ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? " ????? ?????? " (? ?????? : Fuhrerprincip ), ???? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ???? ???????, ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????, ????????, ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ???????, ???? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???????. [11] ??? ??????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? , ????? ? ????? ??? . ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????????, ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????, ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ????. ??????????? ??????, ????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ?????? ?????? . [10]

????? ??????? , "?????????" ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????

???? ???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? . ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? . ?????????.
????? ??????? ? ???? ???? , ????????? ????? , ????????

???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ???, ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???????, ?? ????? ????? " ??????? " ?????? "??????". [12] ???? ???? ???? ??????, ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? . ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? , ????? ???? ????? ?"?????????" ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? , ????? "?????? ?? ???? ?-20". ?? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???, ?? ?? "?????", ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?? ????? "???? ????". ?? ?? ?????, ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????, ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? (?? ????? "????? ?????? ??????"). ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ???? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ?????? ?????, ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? , [13] ?????? ???????. [14] ??????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????, ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ????. ?????? ??? ???? ????, ?????? ?????, ?? ???, ??????, ????? ???? ??? ????. [15] [16] ??? ???? ????? ??????-?????????-??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? , ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????????-??????, ??????, ???? ???????? ??????????? ???????, ?????? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????. [17] [18] ??? ????? ?????? ???, ??????? ????? ?? ???????? ?????? ??????, ???? ???? ? ????? ?????-???????. ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??????. [19] [20] [21] [22]

??????? ???? ? ???????? ???????. ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ????, ????? ???? , ????? ?????? ???????????, ????? ???? ??????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ?"????-?????????", ???? ???????????? . ???? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ??? ????? ?"???? ????". [23]

????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???????? , ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ?-20, ???? ???? ?????? ?????
  • היהודים, הם הגזע הנחות ביותר לפי התפיסה הנאצית, וייעודו היכחדות
    ? ?????? , ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????, ??????? ???????
  • הצוענים, הם העם הנחות ביותר למעט היהודים – גם להם אין עתיד בין האומות לפי תורת הגזע הנאצית
    ? ?????? , ?? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ??????
  • הסלאבים, הם גזע נחות, אם כי גזע בעל זכויות קיום. לגזע זה, היטלר ייעד את תפקיד עַבדי גרמניה
    ? ?????? , ?? ??? ????, ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ???? ??, ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????
  • הארים הם הגזע העליון לפי הנאציזם, וייעודו הוא לשלוט בעולם
    ? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???????, ??????? ??? ????? ?????

??? ????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??????? ? ???? ???? , ???? ????

????? ??????????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? "??? ???" (? ?????? : Neue Ordnung ) ? ?????? ?? ????? ???????, ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????. [24] ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???: ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? . ??? ????? ??, ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????. ???? ????-????? ??????, ???? ?"?????? ?????" (???????: Groß-Deutschland ) ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ??????? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ( ?????? , ??????? , ?????? , ????????? , ?????????? , ????? , ??????? , ????? , ?????? ? ???????? ) ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (???? ????? ??????, ????? ? ?'????????? ? ????-???? ). [24] [25] [26] [27] ????? ??, ????? ?? " ???? ????? " ?????? (???????: Lebensraum ) ? ??? ??, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????, ????? ????? ??? ????????? ?? ??????, ??????? ???? ???? ????. [24] ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????, ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?????. ?? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ? ????? ?????, ????? ?????. ?????, ???? ???? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????, ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? , ????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????. [22] [21] [28] ????? ????? ??????, ????? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????? ? ?????? , ????? , ????? ???? ?????? ??????, ??? ????? ??????? . [24] ???????, ????? ???????? ?????, ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????. ???? ????? ????, ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ?????, ?????? ? ?????? ? ?????? (???: ?????? ????? ). [24] [29] ? ?????????? , ????? ??????, ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????, ??? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ??????.

  • מפה המתארת בקווים כלליים את מרחב המחיה המיועד לגזע הארי לפי האידאולוגיה הנאצית.
    ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ??????????? ??????.
  • תרשים נאצי המציג את מקורות ההתיישבות הארית המתוכננת בשטחי מרחב המחיה הגרמני.
    ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ??????.

??? ??? ????? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? (? ?????? : Arno Breker) ???? 1939 , ????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????

??????, ???? ???? ?? "??? ???" ?" ???? ???".

?"???? ????", ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????, ???????? ? ???? ???? ?? ????????? ????? , ???? ???? ??????, ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?????? ???? ??????, ??-?????? ??? ????? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ( ???????? ) ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ???-?????. ?? ?????, ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? (?????? ???? ?????? ??? ??????), ??????? ?????? ?? ? ???????? (????? ? ???????? ?? ???????? ) ?? ???????? (???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????). ?????? ??????? ???, ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???????. ?? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????? , ??? ???? ?? ?????? ???, ?? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ???? ???????? , ????? ??????, ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. [30] [31]

?"??? ????" ??? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ????? ? ????, ?????, ???? ???? ??, ???, ?????????? ? ????? ????? ??????? ??????. ???? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????, ????? ?? ?????. [31]

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ?????????? ? ?????? ???? . ????? ?????? ????? ? ?? ????? .
????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????????? ???, ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????? . ??? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ? ????? ?????? .

???? ??? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? "??????? ???????" (? ?????? : Deutsche Christen ). ????? ??? ????? ?? "????? ??????" ("???????: Positives Christentum )
??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ??????

??????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ?????? ?????, ??????? ????? ???????? ????, ????? ????????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????-????? ?????? ?????. ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? "??????" ????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? 1920 , ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????:

????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ??????, ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????? ????? ???? "????? ??????". ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???...

? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????-???????????, "?????? 25 ???????", 24 ??????? 1920 J Noakes and G Pridham, Documents on Nazism, 1919-1945 , London 1974

?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????-???? ?? ????? ("????? ??????", ? ?????? : Positives Christentum ) ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????. ?????? ????? ? ???????? ?????, ????, ????? ?????. ?????, ??????? "????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????" (???????: Die 25 Thesen der Deutschreligion ), ??? ?? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ???. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????, ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???, ??? ???? ?"????? ????". [32] ????? ?? ???, ????, ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????????, ??? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ?????? . ?????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????.

?????????? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??? ??? ????? ???. ????, ??????, ??????? ????? ??????? ???-?????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????????. [33] ?? ???, ?????????? ???'? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ???-????, ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???-????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????, ???? ??????? ????? ? ????? ??????? , ?? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ?????, ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????-?????? ???????, ???? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? "????? ???????" ?? ????? "??????". [34]

????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????, ???? ?????? "???"? ?? ????". ?? ???, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????, ??-??? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??????? . ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???????, ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????. [35] ?????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? , ????? ? ????? ??????????? ? ????????? , ????? "?????? ?? ???????". [36] [37]

?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ? ????? ????? ??????? . ??????? ?????? ???????? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????, ? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??????. ???? 1933 ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ???????. ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????, ????? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ??????. [38] ????? ???, ????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????-?????, ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?- 20 ????? 1933 , ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????, ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????-???? "??? ????" (? ?????? : Kreuz und Adler ). [38] ??? ????? ????, ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????-???? "??????? ???????" (???????: Deutsche Christen ).

???? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????. ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????. ?????, ?? ????? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????. [39]

???? ???? ?????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????

? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ?????. ??????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????, [40] ??? ?????? ??????, ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????. [41] ???????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? [40] ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? [42] [43] ??????? ????? ? ????? . [44] ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????, ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ????? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????, ??? ???? ????? ?????, ?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? . ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ????, ????? ?? ???????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??. [45] ?????, ????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???, ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????? ????? (????? ???? ?????? ( ??' ) , ????? , ??????? , ???? ?????? ), ??? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? .

???-?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ????? ? ???-??????

???-?????? (Neo-Nazism) ??? ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????, ?? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? . [46] [47] ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ?????? ????????, ????? ?????? ??????? ??????, ????????, ?? ????? ????? . ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ? ???-????? . [48]

??????? ??????? ???????? ???, ???? ???? ??????? ????? "???-?????" ?? "???-???????" ??? ???? ?? ????. ???????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???-??????, ????????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????, ?????? ????? ?? ????? ; [49] [50] [51] ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ?????? , ??????? ????, ????? ???????? "???? ????" ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ? ??????????? ?????? . ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????????? , ?????? , ???? ???? , ??????? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????, ????????? ? ????? ????? .

?????? ?????? ????? ????-?????? ???? ????, ?? ??? ???? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??.

??????? ???? ???? ? ???????? , ????? ?????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ??????. ???? ???? ????? ??? ??-??? ????? ????? ????????? ? ????? ??? . [52] [53]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??? , ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?????? , ????? ????? ?? , ??? ???-??, ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ????. ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ? ????????? : ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ????? , ???? ????? ????? (????? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ). ?? ?? ????? ??????: ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ? ???? ????? ??? ???? ????? Jude ??????? ?? ??? ????? ????? .

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?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ???-??????. ?? ???-????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????-??????. ? ????? ????? , ????? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????. ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????.

????? ?????? ???? "???? ???? ????" ?????? ???? ?????? ??????.

???? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????. ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??????? ? ???? ?? ??? (???????? ??????, ??? ?????). ? ???????? , ? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ??????? ???-?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????.

???? ??????? ???????? ?????? (???? ???????, ????? ???? ?????? ????????) ??????? ?????? ??????, ?? ????? ??? ???, ??? ???? ??? (??????: ??? S ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ???? , ?? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????.).

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  • ?? ??????, "?????? ???????: ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????", ????? ????? , ?"?, ???"?, ??' 167?195
  • ???? ??????, "'??? ???????' ????? ?????? : ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????", ???? ???? ????? , ?"?, ???"?, ??' 7?33
  • ??? ????? , "??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????", ???? ???? ????? , ?"?, ???"?, ??' 35?53
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  1. ^ Turner, Henry Ashby, Reappraisals of Fascism. New Viewpoints , 1975. p. 162. States fascism's "goals of radical and authoritarian nationalism".
  2. ^ Larsen, Stein Ugelvik, Bernt Hagtvet and Jan Petter Myklebust, Who were the Fascists: Social Roots of European Fascism , p. 424, "organized form of integrative radical nationalist authoritarianism"
  3. ^ Gr?i?, Joseph. Ethics and Political Theory (Lanham, Maryland: University of America, Inc, 2000) p. 120
  4. ^ Blamires, Cyprian, World Fascism: a Historical Encyclopedia, Volume 1 (Santa Barbara, California: ABC-CLIO, Inc., 2006) p. 140?141, 670.
  5. ^ James Webb. 1976. The Occult Establishment . La Salle, Illinois: Open Court. ISBN  0-87548-434-4 . pp. 276?277
  6. ^ Hans Jurgen Lutzhoft (1971) Der Nordische Gedanke in Deutschland 1920?1940 (Stuttgart. Ernst Klett Verlag), p. 19.
  7. ^ Joseph W. Bendersky (2007). A Concise History of Nazi Germany: 1919-1945 . Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 105?6.
  8. ^ Dana Richard Villa (2000), The Cambridge Companion to Hannah Arendt. Cambridge University Press, p.2-3. ISBN  0-521-64571-9
  9. ^ Achim Siegel, The totalitarian paradigm after the end of Communism: towards a theoretical reassessment, 1998, page 200 "Concepts of totalitarianism became most widespread at the height of the Cold War. Since the late 1940s, especially since the Korean War, they were condensed into a far-reaching, even hegemonic, ideology, by which the political elites of the Western world tried to explain and even to justify the Cold War constellation"
  10. ^ 1 2 Robert ConquestReflections on a Ravaged Century (2000) ISBN  0-393-04818-7 , page 74
  11. ^ Kuntz, Dieter (2011), "Hitler and the functioning of the Third Reich", The Routledge History of the Holocaust (Routledge): 75
  12. ^ "Ostensibly scientific": cf. Adam Kuper, Jessica Kuper (eds.), The social science encyclopedia (1996), "Racism", p. 716: "This [sc. scientific] racism entailed the use of 'scientific techniques', to sanction the belief in European and American racial superiority"; Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Questions to sociobiology (1998), "Race, theories of", p. 18: "Its exponents [ sc. of scientific racism ] tended to equate race with species and claimed that it constituted a scientific explanation of human history"; Terry Jay Ellingson, The myth of the noble savage (2001), 147ff. "In scientific racism, the racism was never very scientific; nor, it could at least be argued, was whatever met the qualifications of actual science ever very racist" (p. 151); Paul A. Erickson,Liam D. Murphy, A History of Anthropological Theory (2008), p. 152: "Scientific racism: Improper or incorrect science that actively or passively supports racism".
  13. ^ Ian Hancock, We are the Romani People. Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press, 2002, (ISBN  1 902806 19 0)
  14. ^ Max Weinreich. Hitler's professors: the part of scholarship in Germany's crimes against the Jewish people. Yale University Press, 1999. P. 111.
  15. ^ Steinweis, p.28.
  16. ^ Steinweis, p.29
  17. ^ Richard A. Koenigsberg. Nations have the Right to Kill: Hitler, the Holocaust, and War . New York, New York, USA: Library of Social Science, 2009. p. 2.
  18. ^ Goebbels, Joseph; Mjolnir (1932). Die verfluchten Hakenkreuzler. Etwas zum Nachdenke n. Munich: Franz Eher Nachfolger. English translation: Those Damned Nazis.
  19. ^ Andre Mineau. Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity . Rodopi, 2004. Pp. 34-36.
  20. ^ Steve Thorne. The Language of War . London, England, UK: Routledge, 2006. P. 38.
  21. ^ 1 2 Joseph W. Bendersky. A concise history of Nazi Germany, Plymouth, England, UK: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc., 2007. p. 161-2.
  22. ^ 1 2 William W. Hagen (2012). " German History in Modern Times: Four Lives of the Nation ". Cambridge University Press . p. 313. ISBN  0-521-19190-4
  23. ^ Simone Gigliotti, Berel Lang. The Holocaust: A Reader. Malden, Massachusetts , USA; Oxford, England, UK; Carlton, Victoria, Australia: Blackwell Publishing, 2005. p. 14.
  24. ^ 1 2 3 4 5 Gumkowkski, Janusz; Leszcynski, Kazimierz (1961). Poland Under Nazi Occupation . Polonia Pub. House.
  25. ^ Rich, Norman (1974). Hitler's War Aims: the Establishment of the New Order , p. 26. W. W. Norton & Company Inc., New York.
  26. ^ Rich (1974), pp. 24-25, 140.
  27. ^ Welch, David (1983). Nazi Propaganda: The Power and the Limitations, p. 145. Taylor & Francis . ISBN  0-389-20400-5 .
  28. ^ Kroener, Bernhard R.; Muller, Rolf-Dieter; Umbreit, Hans (2003). Germany and the Second World War:Organization and mobilization of the German sphere of power. Wartime administration, economy, and manpower resources 1942-1944/5 . Oxford University Press. p. 250. ISBN  0-19-820873-1 .
  29. ^ Stephen J. Lee. Europe, 1890-1945. P. 237.
  30. ^ Mineau. Operation Barbarossa: Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity. Rodopi, 2004| Ideology and Ethics Against Human Dignity. Rodopi , 2004.
  31. ^ 1 2 Cyprian Blamires. World Fascism: a historical encyclopedia, Volume 1. Santa Barbara, California, USA: ABC-CLIO, 2006. Pp. 466.
  32. ^ McNab, Chris (2009). The Third Reich . Amber Books Ltd. ISBN  978-1-906626-51-8 .
  33. ^ Roger Griffin. Fascism, Totalitarianism and Political Religion . Oxon, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Routledge, 2005. p. 85.
  34. ^ Roger Griffin. Fascism, Totalitarianism and Political Religion , 2005. p. 93.
  35. ^ David Redles. Hitler's Millennial Reich: Apocalyptic Belief and the Search for Salvation . New York, New York, USA; London, England, UK: New York University Press, 2005. p. 60.
  36. ^ Scholarship for Martin Luther's 1543 treatise, On the Jews and their Lies , exercising influence on Germany's attitude: * Wallmann, Johannes. "The Reception of Luther's Writings on the Jews from the Reformation to the End of the 19th Century", Lutheran Quarterly , n.s. 1 (Spring 1987) 1:72?97. Wallmann writes: "The assertion that Luther's expressions of anti-Jewish sentiment have been of major and persistent influence in the centuries after the Reformation, and that there exists a continuity between Protestant anti-Judaism and modern racially oriented anti-Semitism, is at present wide-spread in the literature; since the Second World War it has understandably become the prevailing opinion." * Michael, Robert. Holy Hatred: Christianity, Antisemitism, and the Holocaust . New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006; see chapter 4 "The Germanies from Luther to Hitler", pp. 105?151. * Hillerbrand, Hans J. "Martin Luther," Encyclopædia Britannica , 2007. Hillerbrand writes: "[H]is strident pronouncements against the Jews, especially toward the end of his life, have raised the question of whether Luther significantly encouraged the development of German anti-Semitism. Although many scholars have taken this view, this perspective puts far too much emphasis on Luther and not enough on the larger peculiarities of German history."
  37. ^ Ellis, Marc H. "Hitler and the Holocaust, Christian Anti-Semitism", Baylor University Center for American and Jewish Studies, Spring 2004, slide 14. Also see Nuremberg Trial Proceedings, Vol. 12, p. 318, Avalon Project, Yale Law School, April 19, 1946.
  38. ^ 1 2 Robert Anthony Krieg. Catholic Theologians in Nazi Germany , 2004. p. 4.
  39. ^ ????? ?????, ????? ??????: ???????? ???? , ??' 266
  40. ^ 1 2 Nattrass, Kate M. " Und Die Tiere Constitutional Protection for Germany's Animals ." AnImAl l. 10 (2004): 283.
  41. ^ Uekotter, Frank. The Greenest Nation?: A New History of German Environmentalism . Mit Press, 2014.
  42. ^ The Nazi posture towards animals: a comment on Arluke and Sax Clifton D.Bryant, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Sociology, 644 McBryde Hall, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061?0137 in Arluke, Arnold, and Boria Sax. "Understanding Nazi animal protection and the Holocaust." Anthrozoos 5.1 (1992): 6-31.
  43. ^ Responce to Arluke and Sax. Helmut Meyer, Institut fur Tierernahrung, Tierartzliche Hochschule Hannover, D-3000 Hannover, Germany in Arluke, Arnold, and Boria Sax. "Understanding Nazi animal protection and the Holocaust." Anthrozoos 5.1 (1992): 6-31.
  44. ^ Hediger, Ryan, ed. Animals and war: studies of Europe and North America . Vol. 15. Brill, 2012.
  45. ^ Lekan, Thomas M., and Thomas Zeller. Germany's nature: cultural landscapes and environmental history. Rutgers University Press, 2005. Chapter 8 - Protecting Nature between Democracy and Dictatorship The Changing Ideology of the Bourgeois Conservationist Movement, 1925?1935. J A WILLIAMS
  46. ^ Lee McGowan (2002). The Radical Right in Germany: 1870 to the Present . Pearson Education. pp. 9, 178. ISBN  0-582-29193-3 . OCLC 49785551.
  47. ^ Brigitte Bailer-Galanda; Wolfgang Neugebauer. "Right-Wing Extremism in Austria: History, Organisations, Ideology". "Right-wing extremism can be equated neither with Nazism nor with neo-Fascism or neo-Nazism. Neo-Nazism, a legal term, is understood as the attempt to propagate, in direct defiance of the law (Verbotsgesetz), Nazi ideology or measures such as the denial, playing-down, approval or justification of Nazi mass murder, especially the Holocaust."
  48. ^ Peter Vogelsang & Brian B. M. Larsen (2002). "Neo-Nazism". The Danish Center for Holocaust and Genocide Studies. Retrieved 2007-12-08. "Neo-Nazism is the name for a modern offshoot of Nazism. It is a radically right-wing ideology, whose main characteristics are extreme nationalism and violent xenophobia. Neo-Nazism is, as the word suggests, a modern version of Nazism. In general, it is an incoherent right-extremist ideology, which is characterised by ‘borrowing’ many of the elements that constituted traditional Nazism."
  49. ^ Encouraged by Swedish law, neo-Nazis target Jews, Muslims , Anadolu Agency, ????? 2023
  50. ^ France smashes neo-Nazi cell over plot to attack Jews, Muslims , France 24, ??? 2017
  51. ^ 768 MOSQUES ATTACKED IN GERMANY: THE FAR-RIGHT’S GREAT REPLACEMENT CAMPAIGNS ARE FUELING UNJUSTIFIED Hatred , Al-Estiklal Newspaper, ???? 2022
  52. ^ Mein Kampf, Palestinian best seller , Palestinian Media Watch
  53. ^ אתר למנויים בלבד Sean O'Neill and John Steele, ? Mein Kampf for sale, in Arabic , The Telegraph , 19 March 2002


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