From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Day of the year
March 31
is the 90th day of the year (91st in
leap years
) in the
Gregorian calendar
; 275 days remain until the end of the year.
Events
[
edit
]
Pre-1600
[
edit
]
1601?1900
[
edit
]
- 1657
– The
Long Parliament
presents the
Humble Petition and Advice
offering
Oliver Cromwell
the British throne, which he eventually declines.
[4]
- 1706
– The last session of history of the
Catalan Courts
, the parliamentary body of the
Principality of Catalonia
, ends.
Catalonia
's
constitutional
modernisation passed by the Courts aims to improve the guarantee of individual, political and economic rights (among them, the
secrecy of correspondence
).
[5]
- 1717
– A sermon on "The Nature of the Kingdom of Christ" by
Benjamin Hoadly
, the
Bishop of Bangor
, preached in the presence of King
George I of Great Britain
, provokes the
Bangorian Controversy
.
[6]
- 1761
– The
1761 Lisbon earthquake
strikes off the
Iberian Peninsula
with an estimated
magnitude
of 8.5, six years after another quake destroyed the city.
[7]
- 1774
–
American Revolution
: The
Kingdom of Great Britain
orders the port of
Boston
,
Massachusetts
closed pursuant to the
Boston Port Act
.
- 1814
– The
Sixth Coalition
occupies Paris
after
Napoleon
's
Grande Armee
capitulates.
[8]
- 1854
–
Commodore
Matthew Perry
signs the
Convention of Kanagawa
with the
Tokugawa Shogunate
, opening the ports of
Shimoda
and
Hakodate
to American trade.
- 1885
– The
United Kingdom
establishes the
Bechuanaland Protectorate
.
- 1889
– The
Eiffel Tower
is officially opened.
[9]
- 1899
–
Malolos
, capital of the
First Philippine Republic
,
is captured by American forces
.
[10]
1901?present
[
edit
]
- 1901
–
Rusalka
by
Antonin Dvo?ak
premieres at the National Opera House in Prague.
[11]
- 1905
–
Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany
declares his support for Moroccan independence in
Tangier
, beginning the
First Moroccan Crisis
.
[12]
- 1906
– The Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (later the
National Collegiate Athletic Association
) is established to set rules for
college sports in the United States
.
- 1909
– Serbia formally withdraws its opposition to Austro-Hungarian actions in the
Bosnian Crisis
.
- 1913
– The Vienna Concert Society rioted during a performance of
modernist music
by
Arnold Schoenberg
,
Alban Berg
,
Alexander von Zemlinsky
, and
Anton von Webern
, causing a premature end to the concert due to violence; this concert became known as the
Skandalkonzert
.
- 1917
– According to the terms of the
Treaty of the Danish West Indies
, the islands become American possessions.
- 1918
–
Massacre of ethnic Azerbaijanis
is committed by allied armed groups of
Armenian Revolutionary Federation
and
Bolsheviks
. Nearly 12,000
Azerbaijani
Muslims are killed.
- 1918 –
Daylight saving time
goes into effect in the United States for the first time.
- 1921
– The
Royal Australian Air Force
is formed.
- 1930
– The
Motion Picture Production Code
is instituted, imposing strict guidelines on the treatment of sex, crime, religion and violence in film, in the U.S., for the next thirty-eight years.
- 1931
– An
earthquake in Nicaragua
destroys
Managua
; killing 2,000.
- 1931 – A
Transcontinental & Western Air airliner crashes
near
Bazaar, Kansas
, killing eight, including
University of Notre Dame
head football coach
Knute Rockne
.
- 1933
– The
Civilian Conservation Corps
is established with the mission of relieving rampant unemployment in the
United States
.
- 1939
–
Events preceding World War II in Europe
: Prime Minister
Neville Chamberlain
pledges British military support to the
Second Polish Republic
in the event of an invasion by
Nazi Germany
.
[13]
- 1942
–
World War II
:
Japanese forces invade Christmas Island
, then a British possession.
- 1945
– World War II: A defecting
German
pilot delivers a
Messerschmitt Me 262A-1
, the world's first operational
jet-powered
fighter aircraft
, to the Americans, the first to fall into Allied hands.
- 1949
– The
Dominion of Newfoundland
joins the
Canadian Confederation
and becomes the 10th
Province of Canada
.
- 1951
–
Remington Rand
delivers the first
UNIVAC I
computer to the
United States Census Bureau
.
- 1957
–
Elections to the Territorial Assembly
of the French colony
Upper Volta
are held. After the elections
PDU
and
MDV
form a government.
- 1958
– In the
Canadian federal election
, the
Progressive Conservatives
, led by
John Diefenbaker
, win the largest percentage of seats in Canadian history, with 208 seats of 265.
- 1959
– The
14th Dalai Lama
, crosses the border into India and is granted
political asylum
.
- 1964
– Brazilian General
Olimpio Mourao Filho
orders his troops to
move towards Rio de Janeiro
, beginning the
coup d'etat
and 21 years of
military dictatorship
.
- 1966
– The
Soviet Union
launches
Luna 10
which later becomes the first
space probe
to enter orbit around the Moon.
- 1966 – The
Labour Party
under
Harold Wilson
wins the
1966 United Kingdom general election
.
[14]
- 1968
– American
President
Lyndon B. Johnson
speaks to the nation of "Steps to Limit the War in Vietnam" in a television address. At the conclusion of his speech, he announces: "I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President."
[15]
- 1970
–
Explorer 1
re-enters the
Earth's atmosphere
after 12 years in orbit.
- 1980
– The
Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad
operates its final train after being ordered to
liquidate
its assets because of
bankruptcy
and
debts
owed to
creditors
.
- 1986
–
Mexicana de Aviacion Flight 940
crashes into the
Sierra Madre Oriental
mountain range near the Mexican town of
Maravatio
, killing 167.
[16]
- 1990
– Approximately
200,000 protesters take to the streets of London
to protest against the newly introduced
Poll Tax
.
- 1991
–
Georgian independence referendum
: Nearly 99 percent of the voters support the country's independence from the
Soviet Union
.
- 1991 – The
Warsaw Pact
formally disbands.
[17]
- 1992
– The
USS
Missouri
, the last active
United States Navy
battleship
, is decommissioned in
Long Beach, California
.
- 1992 – The
Treaty of Federation
is signed in
Moscow
.
- 1993
– The
Macao Basic Law
is adopted by the
Eighth National People's Congress of China
to take effect December 20, 1999.
Resumption by China of the Exercise of Sovereignty over Macao
- 1995
–
Selena
is
murdered
by her fan club president
Yolanda Saldivar
at a
Days Inn
in
Corpus Christi, Texas
.
- 1995 –
TAROM Flight 371
, an
Airbus A310-300
, crashes near
Balotesti
,
Romania
, killing all 60 people on board.
- 1998
–
Netscape
releases
Mozilla
source code under an open source license.
- 2004
–
Iraq War in Anbar Province
: In
Fallujah
, Iraq, four American
private military contractors
working for
Blackwater USA
, are killed after being
ambushed
.
- 2016
–
NASA
astronaut
Scott Kelly
and
Roscosmos
cosmonaut
Mikhail Kornienko
return to Earth after a
yearlong mission
at the
International Space Station
.
[18]
- 2018
– Start of the
2018 Armenian revolution
.
- 2023
– A
historic tornado outbreak
occurs in the American Midwest and its northern South
[19]
[20]
Births
[
edit
]
Pre-1600
[
edit
]
1601?1900
[
edit
]
- 1601
–
Jakov Mikalja
, Italian linguist and lexicographer (d. 1654)
- 1621
–
Andrew Marvell
, English poet and politician (d. 1678)
- 1651
–
Charles II, Elector Palatine
, German husband of
Princess Wilhelmine Ernestine of Denmark
(d. 1685)
- 1675
–
Pope Benedict XIV
(d. 1758)
- 1685
–
Johann Sebastian Bach
, German composer (d. 1750)
[24]
- 1718
–
Mariana Victoria of Spain
(d. 1781)
- 1723
–
Frederick V of Denmark
(d. 1766)
- 1730
–
Etienne Bezout
, French mathematician and theorist (d. 1783)
- 1732
–
Joseph Haydn
, Austrian pianist and composer (d. 1809)
- 1740
–
Panoutsos Notaras
, Greek politician (d. 1849)
- 1747
–
Johann Abraham Peter Schulz
, German pianist and composer (d. 1800)
- 1777
–
Charles Cagniard de la Tour
, French physicist and engineer (d. 1859)
- 1778
–
Coenraad Jacob Temminck
, Dutch zoologist and ornithologist (d. 1858)
- 1794
–
Thomas McKean Thompson McKennan
, American lawyer and politician, 2nd
United States Secretary of the Interior
(d. 1852)
- 1809
–
Edward FitzGerald
, English poet and translator (d. 1883)
- 1809 –
Otto Lindblad
, Swedish composer (d. 1864)
- 1813
–
Felix Maria Zuloaga
, Mexican general and unconstitutional interim president (1858 and 1860–1862) (d. 1898)
[25]
- 1819
–
Chlodwig, Prince of Hohenlohe-Schillingsfurst
(d. 1901)
- 1823
–
Mary Boykin Chesnut
, American author (d. 1886)
- 1833
–
Mary Abigail Dodge
, American writer and essayist (d. 1896)
- 1835
–
John La Farge
, American artist (d. 1910)
- 1847
–
Hermann de Pourtales
, Swiss sailor (d. 1904)
- 1847 –
Yegor Ivanovich Zolotarev
, Russian mathematician and theorist (d. 1878)
- 1851
–
Francis Bell
, New Zealand lawyer and politician, 20th
Prime Minister of New Zealand
(d. 1936)
- 1855
–
Alfred E. Hunt
, American businessman (d. 1899)
- 1859
–
Emil Fenyvessy
, Hungarian actor and screenwriter (d. 1924)
- 1865
–
Anandi Gopal Joshi
, Indian physician (d. 1887)
- 1871
–
Arthur Griffith
, Irish journalist and politician, 3rd
President of Dail Eireann
(d. 1922)
- 1872
–
Sergei Diaghilev
, Russian ballet manager and critic, founded the
Ballets Russes
(d. 1929)
- 1874
–
Benjamin G. Hill
, Mexican revolutionary general, governor of Sonora (d. 1920)
- 1874 –
Henri Marteau
, French violinist and composer (d. 1934)
- 1876
–
Borisav Stankovi?
, Serbian author (d. 1927)
- 1878
–
Jack Johnson
, American boxer (d. 1946)
- 1884
–
Adriaan van Maanen
, Dutch-American astronomer and academic (d. 1946)
- 1885
–
Pascin
, Bulgarian-American painter and illustrator (d. 1930)
- 1890
–
Ben Adams
, American jumper (d. 1961)
- 1890 –
William Lawrence Bragg
, Australian-English physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d. 1971)
- 1891
–
Victor Varconi
, Hungarian-American actor and director (d. 1976)
- 1893
–
Clemens Krauss
, Austrian conductor and manager (d. 1954)
- 1893 –
Herbert Meinhard Muhlpfordt
, German physician and historian (d. 1982)
- 1895
–
Vardis Fisher
, American author and academic (d. 1968)
- 1900
–
Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester
(d. 1974)
1901?present
[
edit
]
- 1905
–
Robert Stevenson
, English director and screenwriter (d. 1986)
- 1905 –
George Treweek
, Australian rugby league player (d. 1991)
- 1906
–
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
, Japanese physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d. 1979)
- 1908
–
Red Norvo
, American vibraphone player and composer (d. 1999)
- 1911
–
Freddie Green
, American guitarist (d. 1987)
- 1911 –
Elisabeth Grummer
, German soprano (d. 1986)
- 1912
–
William Lederer
, American soldier and author (d. 2009)
- 1913
–
Etta Baker
, African-American singer and guitarist (d. 2006)
[26]
- 1914
–
Octavio Paz
, Mexican poet and diplomat,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d. 1998)
- 1914 –
Dagmar Lange
, Swedish author (d. 1991)
- 1915
–
Albert Hourani
, English historian and author (d. 1993)
- 1915 –
Shoichi Yokoi
, Japanese sergeant (d. 1997)
- 1916
–
Lucille Bliss
, American voice actress (d. 2012)
- 1916 –
Tommy Bolt
, American golfer (d. 2008)
- 1916 –
John H. Wood, Jr.
, American lawyer and judge (d. 1979)
- 1917
–
Dorothy DeLay
, American violinist and educator (d. 2002)
- 1918
–
Ted Post
, American director (d. 2013)
- 1919
–
Frank Akins
, American football player (d. 1993)
- 1920
–
Deborah Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire
, British aristocrat, socialite and author (d. 2014)
- 1921
–
Lowell Fulson
, African-American blues singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1999)
- 1921 –
Peggy Rea
, American actress and casting director (d. 2011)
- 1921 –
John Ugelstad
, Norwegian chemical engineer and inventor (d. 1997)
[27]
- 1922
–
Richard Kiley
, American actor and singer (d. 1999)
- 1922 –
Patrick Magee
, Irish actor (d. 1982)
- 1923
–
Don Barksdale
, American basketball player (d. 1993)
[28]
- 1923 –
Francois Sermon
, Belgian footballer (d. 2013)
- 1924
–
Leo Buscaglia
, American author and academic (d. 1998)
- 1924 –
Charles Guggenheim
, American director and producer (d. 2002)
- 1925
–
Jean Coutu
, Canadian actor and director (d. 1999)
- 1926
–
John Fowles
, English novelist (d. 2005)
- 1926 –
Beni Montresor
, Italian director, set designer, author, and illustrator (d. 2001)
- 1926 –
Rocco Petrone
, American colonel and engineer (d. 2006)
- 1927
–
Cesar Chavez
, American labor union leader and activist (d. 1993)
- 1927 –
William Daniels
, American actor
- 1927 –
Eduardo Martinez Somalo
, Spanish cardinal (d. 2021)
- 1927 –
Vladimir Ilyushin
, Russian pilot (d. 2010)
- 1927 –
Elmer Diedtrich
, American businessman and politician (d. 2013)
- 1927 –
Bud MacPherson
, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 1988)
- 1928
–
Lefty Frizzell
, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 1975)
- 1928 –
Gordie Howe
, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2016)
- 1929
–
Liz Claiborne
, Belgian-American fashion designer, founded
Liz Claiborne Inc.
(d. 2007)
- 1929 –
Bert Fields
, American lawyer and author (d. 2022)
- 1930
–
Yehuda Nir
, Polish-American psychiatrist (d. 2014)
- 1930 –
Jim Mutscheller
, American football player and coach (d. 2015)
- 1931
–
Miller Barber
, American golfer (d. 2013)
- 1931 –
Tamara Tyshkevich
, Belarusian shot putter (d. 1997)
- 1932
–
John Jakes
, American author (d. 2023)
- 1932 –
Nagisa Oshima
, Japanese director and screenwriter (d. 2013)
- 1933
–
Anita Carter
, American singer-songwriter and bassist (d. 1999)
- 1933 –
Nichita St?nescu
, Romanian poet (d. 1983)
- 1934
–
Richard Chamberlain
, American actor
- 1934 –
Shirley Jones
, American actress and singer
- 1934 –
John D. Loudermilk
, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2016)
- 1934 –
Grigory Nelyubov
, Soviet pilot and cosmonaut (d. 1966)
[29]
- 1934 –
Carlo Rubbia
, Italian physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize
laureate
- 1934 –
Kamala Surayya
, Indian poet and author (d. 2009)
- 1935
–
Herb Alpert
, American singer-songwriter, trumpet player, and producer
- 1935 –
Judith Rossner
, American author (d. 2005)
- 1936
–
Marge Piercy
, American poet and novelist
- 1936 –
Walter E. Williams
, American economist and academic (d. 2020)
- 1938
–
Patrick Bateson
, English biologist and academic (d. 2017)
- 1938 –
Sheila Dikshit
, Indian politician, 22nd
Governor of Kerala
(d. 2019)
- 1938 –
Antje Gleichfeld
, German runner
- 1938 –
Bill Hicke
, Canadian ice hockey player, coach, and manager (d. 2005)
- 1938 –
Jimmy Johnson
, American football player
[30]
(d. 2024)
[31]
- 1938 –
Tonno Lepmets
, Estonian basketball player (d. 2005)
- 1938 –
Arthur B. Rubinstein
, American pianist, composer, and conductor (d. 2018)
- 1938 –
David Steel
, Scottish academic and politician
- 1939
–
Zviad Gamsakhurdia
, Georgian anthropologist and politician, 1st
President of Georgia
(d. 1993)
- 1939 –
Israel Horovitz
, American actor, director, and screenwriter (d. 2020)
- 1939 –
Walker David Miller
, American lawyer and judge (d. 2013)
- 1939 –
Volker Schlondorff
, German director and producer
- 1939 –
Karl-Heinz Schnellinger
, German footballer (d. 2024)
- 1940
–
Brian Ackland-Snow
, English production designer and art director (d. 2013)
- 1940 –
Barney Frank
, American lawyer and politician
- 1940 –
Patrick Leahy
, American lawyer and politician
- 1941
–
Franco Bonvicini
, Italian author and illustrator (d. 1995)
- 1941 –
Faith Leech
, Australian swimmer (d. 2013)
[32]
- 1942
–
Ulla Hoffmann
, Swedish politician
- 1942 –
Hugh McCracken
, American guitarist and producer (d. 2013)
- 1942 –
Michael Savage
, American far-right radio host and author
- 1943
–
Roy Andersson
, Swedish director and screenwriter
- 1943 –
Deirdre Clancy
, English costume designer
- 1943 –
Christopher Walken
, American actor
- 1944
–
Pascal Danel
, French singer-songwriter
- 1944 –
Angus King
, American politician
- 1944 –
Mick Ralphs
, English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1945
–
Edwin Catmull
, American computer scientist and engineer
- 1945 –
Gabe Kaplan
, American actor and comedian
- 1945 –
Myfanwy Talog
, Welsh actress (d. 1995)
- 1946
–
Gonzalo Marquez
, Venezuelan baseball player (d. 1984)
- 1946 –
Bob Russell
, English politician
- 1947
–
Augustin Banyaga
, Rwandan-American mathematician and academic
- 1947 –
Wendy Overton
, American tennis player
- 1947 –
Kristian Blak
, Danish-Faroese pianist, composer, and producer
- 1947 –
Don Foster
, English academic and politician
- 1947 –
Cesar Gaviria
, Colombian economist and politician, 36th
President of Colombia
- 1947 –
Eliyahu M. Goldratt
, Israeli physicist and economist (d. 2011)
- 1948
–
Gary Doer
, Canadian politician and diplomat, 20th
Premier of Manitoba
- 1948 –
Al Gore
, American soldier and politician, 45th
Vice President of the United States
and
Nobel Prize
laureate
- 1948 –
Rhea Perlman
, American actress
- 1948 –
Gustaaf Van Cauter
, Belgian cyclist
- 1949
–
Gilles Gilbert
, Canadian ice hockey player (d. 2023)
- 1950
–
Andras Adorjan
, Hungarian chess player and author (d. 2023)
- 1950 –
Ed Marinaro
, American football player and actor
- 1950 –
Sandra Morgen
, American anthropologist and academic (d. 2016)
[33]
- 1953
–
Dennis Kamakahi
, American guitarist and composer (d. 2014)
- 1955
–
Svetozar Marovi?
, President of Serbia and Montenegro
- 1955 –
Angus Young
, Scottish-Australian guitarist and songwriter
- 1957
–
Alan Duncan
, English businessman and politician, former
Shadow Leader of the House of Commons
- 1959
–
Markus Hediger
, Swiss poet and translator
- 1961
–
Ron Brown
, American sprinter and football player
- 1961 –
Howard Gordon
, American screenwriter and producer
- 1962
–
Olli Rehn
, Finnish footballer and politician
- 1962 –
Georgios Stefanopoulos
, Greek boxer
[34]
- 1963
–
Paul Mercurio
, Australian actor and dancer
- 1964
–
Mark Hoban
, English accountant and politician
- 1965
–
Tom Barrasso
, American ice hockey player and coach
- 1965 –
Patty Fendick
, American tennis player and coach
- 1965 –
Jean-Christophe Lafaille
, French mountaineer (d. 2006)
- 1965 –
William McNamara
, American actor and producer
- 1965 –
Steven T. Seagle
, American author and screenwriter
- 1966
–
Roger Black
, English runner and journalist
- 1966 –
Nick Firestone
, American race car driver
- 1968
–
Cesar Sampaio
, Brazilian footballer
- 1969
–
Nyamko Sabuni
, Burundian-Swedish politician
- 1969 –
Steve Smith
, American basketball player and sportscaster
- 1970
–
Alenka Bratu?ek
, Slovenian politician, 7th
Prime Minister of Slovenia
- 1970 –
Linn Skaber
, Norwegian actress and writer
[35]
- 1971
–
Demetris Assiotis
, Cypriot footballer
- 1971 –
Martin Atkinson
, English footballer and referee
- 1971 –
Pavel Bure
, Russian ice hockey player
- 1971 –
Craig McCracken
, American animator, producer, and screenwriter
- 1971 –
Ewan McGregor
, Scottish actor
- 1972
–
Alejandro Amenabar
, Chilean-Spanish director and screenwriter
- 1972 –
Andrew Bowen
, American actor, producer, and screenwriter
- 1972 –
Luca Gentili
, Italian footballer and coach
- 1972 –
Hristos Polihroniou
, Greek hammer thrower
[36]
- 1972 –
Evan Williams
, American businessman, co-founded
Twitter
and
Pyra Labs
- 1973
–
Christopher Hampson
, English ballet dancer and choreographer
- 1974
–
Benjamin Eicher
, German director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1974 –
Natali
, Russian singer, composer and songwriter
[37]
- 1974 –
Stefan Olsdal
, Swedish bass player
- 1974 –
Jani Sievinen
, Finnish swimmer
- 1975
–
Makis Dreliozis
, Greek basketball player
[38]
- 1975 –
Adam Green
, American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1975 –
Nathan Grey
, Australian rugby player and coach
- 1975 –
Cameron Murray
, Scottish rugby player
[39]
- 1975 –
Ryan Rupe
, American baseball player
- 1976
–
Howard Frier
, American basketball player
- 1976 –
Igors S?esar?uks
, Latvian-Russian footballer
- 1976 –
Graeme Smith
, Scottish swimmer
- 1977
–
Toshiya
, Japanese bass player, songwriter, and producer
- 1977 –
Garth Tander
, Australian race car driver
- 1978
–
Michael Clark
, Australian cricketer and footballer
- 1978 –
Stephen Clemence
, English footballer and manager
[40]
- 1978 –
Jarrod Cooper
, American football player
- 1978 –
Jerome Rothen
, French footballer
- 1979
–
Omri Afek
, Israeli footballer
- 1979 –
Euan Burton
, Scottish martial artist and coach
[41]
- 1979 –
Alexis Ferrero
, Argentinian footballer
- 1979 –
Charlie Manning
, American baseball player
- 1979 –
Jonna Mendes
, American skier
[42]
- 1979 –
Rhys Wesser
, Australian rugby league player
- 1980
–
Martin Albrechtsen
, Danish footballer
- 1980 –
Karolina Lassbo
, Swedish lawyer and blogger
- 1980 –
Matias Concha
, Swedish footballer
- 1980 –
Kate Micucci
, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actress
- 1980 –
Michael Ryder
, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1980 –
Maaya Sakamoto
, Japanese actress, voice actress and singer
- 1981
–
Ryan Bingham
, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1981 –
Thomas Chatelle
, Belgian footballer
- 1981 –
Han Tae-you
, South Korean footballer
- 1981 –
Pa Dembo Touray
, Gambian footballer
- 1981 –
Maarten van der Weijden
, Dutch swimmer
- 1982
–
Tal Ben Haim
, Israeli footballer
- 1982 –
Bam Childress
, American football player
- 1982 –
Brian Tyree Henry
, American actor
[43]
- 1982 –
Audrey Kawasaki
, American painter
- 1982 –
Chien-Ming Wang
, Taiwanese baseball player
[44]
- 1983
–
Hashim Amla
, South African cricketer
- 1983 –
Ashleigh Ball
, Canadian voice actress and musician
- 1983 –
Sophie Hunger
, Swiss-German musician
- 1983 –
Vlasios Maras
, Greek gymnast
- 1983 –
Nigel Plum
, Australian rugby league player
- 1984
–
David Clarkson
, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1984 –
Eddie Johnson
, American soccer player
[45]
- 1984 –
James Jones
, American football player
- 1984 –
Martins Dukurs
, Latvian sled racer
- 1984 –
Kaie Kand
, Estonian heptathlete
- 1984 –
Alberto Junior Rodriguez
, Peruvian footballer
- 1984 –
Ed Williamson
, English rugby player
[46]
- 1985
–
Steve Bernier
, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1985 –
Jo-Lonn Dunbar
, American football player
- 1985 –
Jesper Hansen
, Danish footballer
- 1985 –
Ivan Mishyn
, Ukrainian race car driver
- 1985 –
Kory Sheets
, American football player
- 1985 –
Jalmar Sjoberg
, Swedish wrestler
- 1986
–
Andreas Dober
, Austrian footballer
- 1986 –
James King
, Scottish rugby player
- 1986 –
Paulo Machado
, Portuguese footballer
- 1987
–
Nordin Amrabat
, Dutch footballer
- 1987 –
Hugo Ayala
, Mexican footballer
- 1987 –
Amaury Bischoff
, Portuguese footballer
- 1987 –
Humpy Koneru
, Indian chess player
- 1987 –
Kirill Starkov
, Danish ice hockey player
- 1987 –
Nelli Zhiganshina
, Russian figure skater
- 1988
–
Thomas De Corte
, Belgian footballer
- 1988 –
Conrad Sewell
, Australian singer and songwriter
- 1988 –
Dorin Dickerson
, American football player
- 1988 –
DeAndre Liggins
, American basketball player
[47]
- 1988 –
Louis van der Westhuizen
, Namibian cricketer
- 1989
–
Alberto Martin Romo Garcia Adamez
, Spanish footballer
- 1989 –
Nejc Vidmar
, Slovenian footballer
- 1989 –
Liu Zige
, Chinese swimmer
[48]
- 1990
–
George Iloka
, American football player
[49]
- 1990 –
Lyra McKee
, Irish journalist (d. 2019)
[50]
- 1990 –
Sandra Roma
, Swedish tennis player
[51]
- 1991
–
Milan Milanovi?
, Serbian footballer
- 1991 –
Rodney Sneijder
, Dutch footballer
- 1992
–
Stijn de Looijer
, Dutch footballer
- 1992 –
Adam Zampa
, Australian cricketer
- 1993
–
Mikael Ishak
, Swedish footballer
- 1994
–
Samira Asghari
, Afghan member of the International Olympic Committee
[52]
- 1994 –
Tyler Wright
, Australian surfer
- 1994 –
Mads Wurtz Schmidt
, Danish road cyclist
[53]
- 1995
–
Fiona Brown
, footballer
[54]
- 1996
–
Liza Koshy
, American actress, comedian, and television host
[55]
- 1998
–
Jakob Chychrun
, American-born Canadian ice hockey player
- 1999
–
Japhet Tanganga
, English footballer
[56]
- 1999 –
Brooke Scullion
, Irish Singer
[57]
- 1999 –
Jens Odgaard
, Danish professional footballer
[58]
- 1999 –
Denys Strekalin
, Ukrainian-born
pair skater
[59]
- 1999 –
Adam Chrzanowski
, Polish professional footballer
[60]
- 1999 –
Santiago Chocobares
, Argentine rugby union player
[61]
- 1999 –
Ballou Tabla
, Canadian professional soccer player
[62]
- 1999 –
El?bieta Kropa
, Lithuanian
figure skater
[63]
- 1999 –
Edon Zhegrova
, German born professional footballer
[64]
- 1999 –
Shiann Salmon
, Jamaican track and field athlete
[65]
- 1999 –
Ben Williams
, Welsh professional footballer
[66]
- 1999 –
Luca Pizzul
, Italian professional footballer
[67]
- 1999 –
Sander Raieste
, Estonian professional basketball player
[68]
- 1999 –
Jonas Røndbjerg
, Danish ice hockey player
[69]
- 1999 –
Adele Tan
, Singaporean
sports shooter
[70]
- 1999 –
Nuno Pina
, Portuguese football player
[71]
- 1999 –
Tereza Jan?ova
, Slovakian skier
[72]
- 1999 –
Maren Lutz
, German female
canoeist
[73]
- 1999 –
Shehana Vithana
, Sri Lankan-Australian professional squash player
[74]
- 1999 –
Providence Cowdrill
, English cricketer
[75]
- 1999 –
Ricardo Felipe
, Brazilian footballer
[76]
- 1999 –
Dimitris Dalakouras
, Greek professional footballer
[77]
- 2004
–
Samson Baidoo
, Austrian professional footballer
[78]
- 2004 –
Mateo Sanabria
, Argentine professional footballer
[79]
- 2004 –
Alex Luna
, Argentine professional footballer
[80]
- 2005
–
Reed Baker-Whiting
, American professional footballer
[81]
Deaths
[
edit
]
Pre-1600
[
edit
]
- 32 BC
–
Titus Pomponius Atticus
, Roman nobleman of the
Equestrian order
(b. 109 BC)
- 528
–
Xiaoming
, emperor of Northern Wei (b. 510)
- 963
–
Abu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Muhammad
, Saffarid emir (b. 906)
- 1241
–
Pousa
,
voivode of Transylvania
- 1251
–
William of Modena
, Italian bishop and diplomat
- 1340
–
Ivan I of Moscow
, Russian Grand Duke (b. 1288)
- 1342
–
Dionigi di Borgo San Sepolcro
, Italian
Augustinian
friar
- 1462
–
Isidore II of Constantinople
, patriarch of Constantinople
- 1491
–
Bonaventura Tornielli
, Italian Roman Catholic priest (b. 1411)
- 1547
–
Francis I
, French king (b. 1494)
[82]
- 1567
–
Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse
(b. 1504)
1601?1900
[
edit
]
- 1621
–
Philip III
, Spanish king (b. 1578)
- 1622
–
Gonzalo Mendez de Canco
, Royal Governor of La Florida (b. 1554)
- 1631
–
John Donne
, English lawyer and poet (b. 1572)
- 1671
–
Anne Hyde
, wife of
James II of England
(b. 1637)
- 1723
–
Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon
, English soldier and politician, 14th
Colonial Governor of New York
(b. 1661)
- 1741
–
Pieter Burman the Elder
, Dutch scholar and author (b. 1668)
- 1751
–
Frederick, Prince of Wales
, Hanoverian-born heir to the British throne (b. 1707)
[
citation needed
]
- 1797
–
Olaudah Equiano
, Nigerian merchant, author, and activist (b. 1745)
- 1837
–
John Constable
, English painter and educator (b. 1776)
- 1850
–
John C. Calhoun
, American lawyer and politician, 7th
Vice President of the United States
(b. 1782)
- 1855
–
Charlotte Bronte
, English novelist and poet (b. 1816)
- 1877
–
Antoine Augustin Cournot
, French mathematician and philosopher (b. 1801)
- 1880
–
Henryk Wieniawski
, Polish violinist and composer (b. 1835)
- 1885
–
Franz Abt
, German composer and conductor (b. 1819)
1901?present
[
edit
]
- 1907
–
Galusha A. Grow
, American lawyer and politician, 28th
Speaker of the United States House of Representatives
(b. 1823)
- 1910
–
Jean Moreas
, Greek poet, essayist and art critic (b. 1856)
- 1913
–
J. P. Morgan
, American banker and financier (b. 1837)
- 1915
–
Wyndham Halswelle
, English-Scottish runner and captain (b. 1882)
- 1917
–
Emil von Behring
, German physiologist and immunologist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (b. 1854)
- 1920
–
Abdul Hamid Madarshahi
, Bengali Islamic scholar and author (b. 1869)
[83]
- 1924
–
George Charles Haite
, English painter and illustrator (b. 1855)
- 1927
–
Kang Youwei
, Chinese scholar and political reformer (b. 1858)
- 1930
–
Ludwig Schuler
, German politician,
Mayor of Marburg
(b. 1836)
- 1931
–
Knute Rockne
, American football player and coach (b. 1888)
- 1935
–
Georges V. Matchabelli
, Georgian-American businessman and diplomat, founded
Prince Matchabelli perfume
(b. 1885)
- 1939
–
Ioannis Tsangaridis
, Greek general (b. 1887)
- 1944
–
Mineichi Koga
, Japanese admiral (b. 1885)
- 1945
–
Frank Findlay
, New Zealand banker and politician (b. 1884)
- 1945 –
Hans Fischer
, German chemist and academic,
Nobel Prize
laureate (b. 1881)
- 1950
–
Robert Natus
, Estonian architect (b. 1890)
- 1952
–
Wallace H. White, Jr.
, American lawyer and politician (b. 1877)
- 1956
–
Ralph DePalma
, Italian-American race car driver and actor (b. 1884)
- 1956 –
Nellah Massey Bailey
, American politician and librarian (b. 1893)
[84]
- 1961
–
Pyrros Spyromilios
, officer of the Greek Navy and director of the Greek Radio Orchestra (b. 1913)
[85]
- 1968
–
Grover Lowdermilk
, American baseball player (b. 1885)
- 1970
–
Semyon Timoshenko
, Soviet Commander during the
Winter War
and the
Eastern Front
of World War II (b. 1894)
- 1975
–
Percy Alliss
, English golfer (b. 1897)
- 1976
–
Paul Strand
, American photographer and director (b. 1890)
- 1978
–
Astrid Allwyn
, American actress (b. 1905)
[86]
- 1978 –
Charles Best
, American-Canadian physiologist and biochemist, co-discovered
Insulin
(b. 1899)
- 1980
–
Vladimir Holan
, Czech poet and author (b. 1905)
- 1980 –
Jesse Owens
, American sprinter and long jumper (b. 1913)
[87]
- 1981
–
Enid Bagnold
, English author and playwright (b. 1889)
- 1983
–
Christina Stead
, Australian author and academic (b. 1902)
- 1986
–
Jerry Paris
, American actor and director (b. 1925)
- 1988
–
William McMahon
, Australian lawyer and politician, 20th
Prime Minister of Australia
(b. 1908)
- 1991
–
Theofylaktos Papakonstantinou
, Greek columnist, political and social analyst and historian (b. 1905)
[88]
- 1993
–
Brandon Lee
, American actor and martial artist (b. 1965)
- 1993 –
Mitchell Parish
, Lithuanian-American songwriter (b. 1900)
- 1995
–
Selena
, American singer-songwriter (b. 1971)
- 1996
–
Dante Giacosa
, Italian automobile designer and engineer (b. 1905)
- 1996 –
Jeffrey Lee Pierce
, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (b. 1958)
- 1998
–
Bella Abzug
, American lawyer, activist, and politician (b. 1920)
- 1998 –
Tim Flock
, American race car driver (b. 1924)
- 1998 –
Joel Ryce-Menuhin
, American pianist (b. 1933)
- 1999
–
Yuri Knorozov
, Russian linguist and ethnographer (b. 1922)
- 2000
–
Gisele Freund
, German-born French photographer and photojournalist (b. 1908)
[89]
- 2000 –
Adrian Fisher
, English
guitarist
and member of the band Toby (b. 1952)
[90]
- 2001
–
David Rocastle
, English footballer (b. 1967)
- 2001 –
Clifford Shull
, American physicist and academic,
Nobel Prize
laureate (b. 1915)
[91]
- 2002
–
Barry Took
, English comedian, actor, and screenwriter (b. 1928)
- 2002 –
Moturu Udayam
, Indian activist and politician (b. 1924)
- 2002 –
Carlos J. Gradin
, Argentine Archaeologist (b. 1913)
[92]
[93]
- 2003
–
Harold Scott MacDonald Coxeter
, English-Canadian mathematician and academic (b. 1907)
- 2003 –
Anne Gwynne
, American actress (b. 1918)
[94]
- 2003 –
Tommy Seebach
, Danish singer-songwriter, pianist, and producer (b. 1949)
- 2004
–
Scott Helvenston
, American soldier (b. 1965)
- 2005
–
Stanley J. Korsmeyer
, American oncologist and academic (b. 1951)
- 2005 –
Justiniano Montano
, Filipino lawyer and politician (b. 1905)
- 2005 –
Frank Perdue
, American businessman (b. 1920)
- 2006
–
Jackie McLean
, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1931)
- 2007
–
Paul Watzlawick
, Austrian-American psychologist and philosopher (b. 1921)
- 2008
–
Jules Dassin
, American director, producer, screenwriter, and actor (b. 1911)
- 2008 –
Bill Keightley
, American equipment manager (b. 1926)
- 2009
–
Raul Alfonsin
, Argentinian lawyer and politician, 46th
President of Argentina
(b. 1927)
[95]
- 2009 –
Choor Singh
, Indian-Singaporean lawyer and judge (b. 1911)
- 2010
–
Jerald terHorst
, American journalist (b. 1922)
[96]
- 2010 –
Roger Addison
, Welsh
rugby union
player (b. 1945)
- 2011
–
Gil Clancy
, American boxer and trainer (b. 1922)
- 2011 –
Alan Fitzgerald
, Australian journalist and author (b. 1935)
- 2011 –
Mary Greyeyes
, the first
First Nations
woman to join the
Canadian Armed Forces
(b. 1920)
[97]
- 2011 –
Oddvar Hansen
, Norwegian footballer and coach (b. 1921)
- 2011 –
Ishbel MacAskill
, Scottish singer and actress (b. 1941)
- 2011 –
Henry Taub
, American businessman and philanthropist (b. 1927)
- 2012
–
Judith Adams
, New Zealand-Australian nurse and politician (b. 1943)
- 2012 –
Dale R. Corson
, American physicist and academic (b. 1914)
- 2012 –
Bernard O. Gruenke
, American
stained glass
artist (b. 1914)
- 2012 –
Jerry Lynch
, American baseball player (b. 1930)
- 2012 –
Alberto Sughi
, Italian painter (b. 1928)
- 2012 –
Halbert White
, American economist and academic (b. 1950)
[98]
- 2013
–
Charles Amarin Brand
, French archbishop (b. 1920)
- 2013 –
Ernie Bridge
, Australian singer and politician (b. 1936)
- 2013 –
Bob Clarke
, American illustrator (b. 1926)
- 2013 –
Ahmad Sayyed Javadi
, Iranian lawyer and politician,
Iranian Minister of Interior
(b. 1917)
- 2013 –
Dmitri Uchaykin
, Russian ice hockey player (b. 1980)
- 2014
–
Gonzalo Anes
, Spanish economist, historian, and academic (b. 1931)
- 2014 –
Roger Somville
, Belgian painter (b. 1923)
- 2015
–
Betty Churcher
, Australian painter, historian, and curator (b. 1931)
- 2015 –
Cocoa Fujiwara
, Japanese author and illustrator (b. 1983)
- 2015 –
Carlos Gaviria Diaz
, Colombian lawyer and politician (b. 1937)
- 2015 –
Dalibor Vesely
, Czech-English historian, author, and academic (b. 1934)
- 2016
–
Ronnie Corbett
, Scottish comedian, actor and screenwriter (b. 1930)
- 2016 –
Hans-Dietrich Genscher
, German politician (b. 1927)
- 2016 –
Zaha Hadid
, Iraqi-born English architect and academic, designed the
Bridge Pavilion
(b. 1950)
- 2016 –
Imre Kertesz
, Hungarian author,
Nobel Prize
laureate (b. 1929)
- 2016 –
Denise Robertson
, British writer and television broadcaster (b. 1932)
- 2017
–
Gilbert Baker
, American artist and LGBT rights activist (b. 1951)
- 2017 –
James Rosenquist
, American artist (b. 1933)
- 2018
–
Nick Newton
, inventor of the Newton Starting Blocks (b. 1933)
[99]
- 2019
–
Nipsey Hussle
, American rapper (b. 1985)
[100]
- 2020
–
Gita Ramjee
, Ugandan-South African scientist and researcher (b. 1956)
[101]
- 2021
–
Ken Reitz
, American baseball player (b. 1951)
[102]
- 2021 –
Muhammad Wakkas
, Bangladeshi teacher and parliamentarian (b. 1952)
[103]
- 2022
–
Shirley Burkovich
, former American All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (
AAGPBL
) player (b. 1933)
- 2022 –
Patrick Demarchelier
, French fashion photographer (b. 1943)
[104]
- 2022 –
Moana Jackson
, New Zealand lawyer specialising in constitutional law (b. 1945)
[105]
- 2024
–
Barbara Rush
, American actress (b. 1927)
[106]
Holidays and observances
[
edit
]
References
[
edit
]
- ^
Carol Humphrey Vivian Sutherland (1966).
The Roman Imperial Coinage: Constantine and Licinius: A.D. 313-337, by P. M. Bruun
. Spink. p. 25.
ISBN
9780900696855
.
- ^
James J. Spigelman (2004).
Becket & Henry: The Becket Lectures
. James Spigelman. p. 178.
ISBN
978-0-646-43477-3
.
- ^
Valencia, Linda B.
"Limasawa: Site of the First Mass"
.
Philippines News Agency
. Ops.gov.ph. Archived from
the original
on 15 October 2007
. Retrieved
26 March
2021
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"Oliver Cromwell, Kingship and the Humble Petition and Advice"
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. Retrieved
2 April
2022
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- ^
Albareda Salvado, Joaquim (2010).
La Guerra de Sucesion de Espana (1700-1714)
. pp. 182?183.
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Benjamin Hoadly (1855).
The Nature of the Kingdom, Or Church, of Christ. A Sermon Preached Before King George I, at the Royal Chapel at St. James's, on Sunday, March 31, 1717
. Unitarian Tract Society. p. 1.
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Baptista, M. & Miranda, Jym & Luis, Joaquim (2006).
"In Search of the 31 March 1761 Earthquake and Tsunami Source"
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.
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"200 YEARS AGO: 1814: THE FRENCH CAMPAIGN, STEP BY STEP"
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. Retrieved
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The Eiffel Tower
. Princeton Architectural Press. p. 91.
ISBN
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"The First Moroccan Crisis"
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. Retrieved
2 April
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.
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"What's the context? 31 March 1939: the British guarantee to Poland - History of government"
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. 28 March 2019
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2 April
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"BBC ON THIS DAY | 31"
.
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"Remarks on Decision not to Seek Re-Election (March 31, 1968)"
. The Miller Center, University of Virginia. 20 October 2016
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"ASN Aircraft accident Boeing 727-264 XA-MEM Las Mesas"
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"Warsaw Pact ends"
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"Astronaut twin Scott Kelly returns after year in space"
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US Department of Commerce, NOAA.
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.
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. Retrieved
21 August
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.
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US Department of Commerce, NOAA.
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.
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Pierre Bayle (1738).
A General Dictionary, Historical and Criticalurl=
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John Cottingham (25 September 1992).
The Cambridge Companion to Descartes
. Cambridge University Press. p. 22.
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.
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"Olympedia ? Faith Leech"
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.
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. Retrieved
31 March
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.
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"Prodromos Dreliozis Player Profile, Panionios Athens, News, Stats - Eurobasket"
.
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"Cameron Andrew Murray"
.
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31 March
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.
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"Stephen Clemence"
.
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. Retrieved
23 March
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.
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"Glasgow 2014 - Euan Burton Profile"
.
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. Retrieved
31 March
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.
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"Jonna MENDES - Olympic Alpine Skiing | United States of America"
.
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. 21 June 2016
. Retrieved
31 March
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.
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"Playbill Vault's Today in Theatre History: March 31"
.
Playbill
. 31 March 2021
. Retrieved
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.
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"Chien-Ming Wang"
.
Major League Baseball
. Retrieved
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.
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"Eddie Johnson"
.
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. Retrieved
23 March
2020
.
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"Edward John M. Williamson"
.
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. Retrieved
31 March
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.
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"DeAndre Liggins"
.
NBA G League
. Retrieved
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.
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"Zige LIU - Olympic Swimming | People's Republic of China"
.
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. 20 March 2021
. Retrieved
20 March
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.
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"George Iloka Estadisticas, Noticias, Biografia"
.
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. Retrieved
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.
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"Obituary: Lyra McKee, journalist who wrote about the troubles in her native Northern Ireland"
.
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. 21 April 2019
. Retrieved
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2020
.
- ^
"Sandra Roma - Player Profile - Tennis"
.
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"Ms Samira ASGHARI - National Olympic Committee of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, IOC Member since 2018"
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