From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Calendar year
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
1859
.
1859
(
MDCCCLIX
) was a
common year starting on Saturday
of the
Gregorian calendar
and a
common year starting on Thursday
of the
Julian calendar
, the 1859th year of the
Common Era
(CE) and
Anno Domini
(AD) designations, the 859th year of the
2nd millennium
, the 59th year of the
19th century
, and the 10th and last year of the
1850s
decade. As of the start of 1859, the Gregorian calendar was 12 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
Calendar year
Events
[
edit
]
January?March
[
edit
]
April?June
[
edit
]
- April 13
?
The Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art
is founded by
Peter Cooper
, a New York industrialist, inventor and philanthropist.
- April 18
?
Indian Rebellion
revolutionary,
Tantia Tope
is hanged for the
1857 Rebellion
- April 25
? Ground is broken for the
Suez Canal
, in Egypt.
- April 28
? American ship
Pomona
is wrecked off the Irish coast, with 424 dead.
- April 29
? Austrian troops begin to cross the
Ticino River
to
Piedmont
.
- April 30
?
A Tale of Two Cities
by
Charles Dickens
is published in England.
- May 4
? The
Cornwall Railway
opens across the
Royal Albert Bridge
, linking the counties of
Devon
and
Cornwall
in England.
- May 5
? Border Treaty between
Brazil
and
Venezuela
: The two countries agree their borders should be traced at the water divide, between the
Amazon
and the
Orinoco
basins.
[4]
- May 20
?
Austro-Sardinian War
?
Battle of Montebello
: the Austrian army led by
Karl von Urban
faces the French-Sardinian combined forces.
- May 22
?
Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
is succeeded by his 23-year-old son,
Francis II of the Two Sicilies
.
- May 26
?
Austro-Sardinian War
?
Battle of Varese
:
Giuseppe Garibaldi
's
Hunters of the Alps
confront and defeat Austrian forces, led by
Field Marshal-Lieutenant Karl von Urban
.
- May 26
,
June 2
?
Geologist
Joseph Prestwich
and amateur
archaeologist
John Evans
report (to the
Royal Society
and
Society of Antiquaries of London
, respectively) the results of their investigations of gravel-pits in the
Somme valley
and elsewhere, extending
human history
back to what will become known as the
Paleolithic
Era.
[5]
[6]
- May 30
?
Austro-Sardinian War
?
Battle of Palestro
: the
Sardinians
defeat the Austrian army.
- May 31
? Big Ben, the
Great Clock
at the
Palace of Westminster
, London, is started.
- June 4
?
Austro-Sardinian War
?
Battle of Magenta
: The French and Sardinians defeat the Austrians.
- June 6
? The British
Crown colony
of
Queensland
in Australia is created, by
devolving part of the territory
of
New South Wales
(
Queensland Day
).
- June 8
? The discovery of the
Comstock Lode
in the western Utah Territory sets off the Rush to Washoe.
- June 15
- June 17
? The only recorded
simoom
ever in North America hits
Goleta
and
Santa Barbara, California
.
- June 18
?
Aletschhorn
, the second summit of the
Bernese Alps
, is first ascended.
June 24:
Battle of Solferino
June 24
?
Austro-Sardinian War ? Battle of Solferino
: The
Kingdom of Sardinia
and the armies of
Napoleon III
of France defeat
Franz Joseph I of Austria
in northern Italy; the battle inspires
Henri Dunant
to found the
Red Cross
.
July?September
[
edit
]
- July
- July 1
? The first intercollegiate
baseball
game is played, between
Amherst
and
Williams
Colleges.
- July 8
?
Charles XV
succeeds his father
Oscar I of Sweden
and
Norway
(as Charles IV).
- July 11
- The chimes of
Big Ben
ring for the first time in London.
- Austro-Sardinian War
? By the preliminary treaty signed at
Villafranca
, Italy,
Lombardy
is ceded to the French (who immediately cede it to Sardinia), while the Austrians keep
Venetia
, and the French promise to restore the Central Italian rulers expelled in the course of the war. This brings the Austro-Sardinian War effectively to a close.
- July 30
?
Grand Combin
, one of the highest summits in the Alps, is first ascended.
- August 16
? The Tuscan National Assembly formally deposes the
House of Habsburg-Lorraine
, ending an ascendancy of 109 years.
- August 27
?
Edwin Drake
drills the first
oil well
in the United States, near
Titusville, Pennsylvania
, starting the
Pennsylvania oil rush
.
- August 28
?
September 2
? The
solar storm of 1859
,
the largest
geomagnetic solar storm
on record, causes the
Northern lights
to be visible as far south as
Monteria
,
Colombia
and knocks out
telegraph
communication (this is also called the
Carrington
Event
).
- September
? British merchant
Thomas Blake Glover
begins business in
Nagasaki
, Japan.
- September 17
? In
San Francisco
,
Joshua Norton
proclaims himself to be His Imperial Majesty Emperor Norton I,
Emperor of the United States
and
Protector of Mexico
.
October?December
[
edit
]
- October 16
?
John Brown
raids
the
Harpers Ferry Armory
in
Harper's Ferry
,
Virginia
, in an unsuccessful bid to spark a general slave rebellion.
- October 18
? Troops under Colonel
Robert E. Lee
overpower
John Brown
at the Federal arsenal.
- October 26
? The steamship
Royal Charter
is wrecked on the coast of
Anglesey
, Wales, with 454 dead.
- November 1
? The current
Cape Lookout
,
North Carolina
,
lighthouse
is lighted for the first time (its first-order
Fresnel lens
can be seen for 19 miles).
- November 10
? The
Treaty of Zurich
, reaffirming the terms of the
Treaty of Villafranca
, brings the
Austro-Sardinian War
to an official close.
- November 15
? The first
Zappas Olympics
open in Greece.
- November 24
- December 2
? Militant
abolitionist
leader
John Brown
is hanged for his
October 16
raid on
Harpers Ferry, West Virginia
.
- December 10
? The
Ateneo de Manila University
is founded, as the
Escuela Municipal de Manila
.
Date unknown
[
edit
]
- District nursing
begins in
Liverpool
, England, when philanthropist
William Rathbone
employs Mary Robinson to nurse the sick poor in their own homes.
- The island of
Timor
is divided between Portugal and the Netherlands.
- The
Rancho Rincon de Los Esteros
Land Grant is confirmed to Rafael Alvisa (part of the present
Santa Clara County, California
).
- Bernhard Riemann
in November 1859 publishes
On the Number of Primes Less Than a Given Magnitude
. In his paper there is an incidental comment that later becomes the
Riemann Hypothesis
, one of the most important unsolved problems in Mathematics.
- Brisbane
is declared the capital of newly separated colony Queensland, Australia.
- The
University of Michigan Law School
is founded.
- Karl Marx
publishes
A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
.
- John Stuart Mill
publishes
On Liberty
.
- George Eliot
publishes
Adam Bede
.
- Alfred, Lord Tennyson
publishes the first set of
Idylls of the King
.
- The
Society for Promoting the Employment of Women
is founded.
- The
Mary Institute
is founded in Missouri.
- Tidskrift for hemmet
, the first women's magazine in the Nordic countries, begins publication in Sweden.
- Nillmij, as predecessor of
Aegon
, a worldwide
insurance service
, founded in
Dutch East Indies
(now
Indonesia
).
[
page needed
]
Births
[
edit
]
January?March
[
edit
]
Wilhelm II of Germany
Louise DeKoven Bowen
Jacqueline Comerre-Paton
Arthur Conan Doyle
- January 6
?
Hugh Rodman
, American admiral (d.
1940
)
- January 8
?
Fanny Bullock Workman
, American geographer, writer and mountain climber (d.
1925
)
- January 11
?
George Curzon, 1st Marquess Curzon of Kedleston
, British statesman,
Viceroy of India
(d.
1925
)
- January 27
?
Wilhelm II of Germany
, last Emperor of Germany and
King of Prussia
(d.
1941
)
[7]
- January 29
?
Virginie Amelie Avegno Gautreau
, American-born Parisian socialite, model for the painting
Portrait of Madame X
(d.
1915
)
- February 1
- February 3
?
Hugo Junkers
, German industrialist, aircraft designer (d.
1935
)
- February 5
?
Louis Cheikho
, Lebanese
Jesuit
Chaldean
priest and venerable (d.
1927
)
- February 9
?
Akiyama Yoshifuru
, Japanese general (d.
1930
)
- February 10
?
Alexandre Millerand
, President of France (d.
1943
)
- February 14
- February 19
?
Svante Arrhenius
, Swedish chemist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1927
)
- February 24
?
George Edwin Patey
, British admiral (d.
1935
)
- February 25
?
Vasil Kutinchev
, Bulgarian general (d.
1941
)
- February 26
?
Louise DeKoven Bowen
, American philanthropist, activist (d.
1953
)
- February 28
?
Florian Cajori
, Swiss historian of mathematics (d.
1930
)
- March 2
?
Sholem Aleichem
, Ukrainian Yiddish novelist (d.
1916
)
- March 8
?
Kenneth Grahame
, English author (d.
1932
)
- March 9
?
Alexandru Averescu
, Romanian general and politician, 24th
Prime Minister of Romania
(d.
1938
)
- March 12
?
Abraham H. Cannon
, American Mormon apostle (d.
1896
)
- March 13
?
Alice Bellvadore Sams Turner
, American physician (d.
1915
)
- March 16
[
O.S.
March 4] ?
Alexander Stepanovich Popov
, Russian physicist (d.
1906
[O.S. 1905])
[8]
[9]
- March 26
?
A. E. Housman
, English poet (d.
1936
)
April?June
[
edit
]
- April 3
?
Reginald De Koven
, American composer, music critic (d.
1920
)
- April 7
?
Jacques Loeb
, German?American physiologist, biologist (d.
1924
)
- April 8
?
Edmund Husserl
, Austrian philosopher (d.
1938
)
[10]
- April 14
?
Luigi Capello
, Italian general (d.
1941
)
- April 17
?
Willis Van Devanter
,
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
(d.
1941
)
- May 1
?
Jacqueline Comerre-Paton
, French artist (d.
1955
)
- May 15
?
Pierre Curie
, French physicist,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1906
)
- May 22
? Sir
Arthur Conan Doyle
, Scottish writer (d.
1930
)
- June 5
?
Belle Archer
, American actress (d.
1900
)
- June 9
?
Doveton Sturdee
, British admiral (d.
1925
)
- June 21
?
Henry Ossawa Tanner
, American artist (d.
1937
)
July?September
[
edit
]
Dora Knowlton Ranous
- July 6
- July 13
?
Sidney Webb, 1st Baron Passfield
, British co-founder of the
London School of Economics
(d.
1947
)
[12]
- July 28
?
Mary Anderson
, American stage actress (d.
1940
)
[13]
- July 29
?
Francisco Rodrigues da Cruz
, Portuguese priest (d.
1948
)
[14]
- August 2
?
Auguste Adib Pacha
, 2-time prime minister of Lebanon (d.
1936
)
- August 4
?
Knut Hamsun
, Norwegian author,
Nobel Prize
laureate (d.
1952
)
- August 16
?
Dora Knowlton Ranous
, American actress, author and translator (d.
1916
)
- August 18
?
Anna Ancher
, Danish painter (d.
1935
)
- September 3
?
Jean Jaures
, French socialist (d.
1914
)
- September 7
?
Margaret Crosfield
, British palaeontologist, geologist (d.
1952
)
- September 16
?
Yuan Shikai
, Chinese dictator (d.
1916
)
- September 17
- September 18
?
Lincoln Loy McCandless
, Hawaiian politician, rancher (d.
1940
)
- September 19
?
Marshall Pinckney Wilder
, American actor, humorist, comedian and monologist (d.
1915
)
- September 21
?
Francesc Macia
, Catalan politician (d.
1933
)
- September 24
?
Radko Dimitriev
, Bulgarian and Russian general (d.
1918
)
- September 28
?
Alfredo Baquerizo
, 19th President of Ecuador (d.
1951
)
October?December
[
edit
]
- October 6
?
Frank Seiberling
, American inventor, co-founder of
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company
(d.
1955
)
- October 9
?
Alfred Dreyfus
, French military officer, subject of the
Dreyfus affair
(d.
1935
)
- October 12
?
Diana Abgar
, Armenian diplomat (d.
1937
)
- October 18
?
Henri Bergson
, French philosopher, recipient of the
Nobel Prize in Literature
(d.
1941
)
[15]
- October 20
?
John Dewey
, American philosopher, psychologist and educator (d.
1952
)
- November 10
?
Gustav Globo?nik Edler von Vojka
, Austro-Hungarian nobleman and field marshal (d.
1946
)
- November 14
?
Alexander Samsonov
, Russian general (d.
1914
)
- November 15
- November 19
?
Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov
, Russian composer (d.
1935
)
- November 22
?
Fusajiro Yamauchi
, Japanese founder of
Nintendo
(d.
1940
)
- November 24
?
Cass Gilbert
, American architect (
Woolworth Building
,
United States Supreme Court building
) (d.
1934
)
- November 27
?
William Bliss Baker
, American painter (d.
1886
)
- November 29
?
Jesse Pomeroy
, youngest convicted murderer in Massachusetts (d.
1932
)
- December 2
?
Georges Seurat
, French painter (d.
1891
)
- December 5
?
John Jellicoe, 1st Earl Jellicoe
, British admiral (d.
1935
)
- December 15
?
L. L. Zamenhof
, Polish creator of Esperanto (d.
1917
)
- December 17
?
Paul Cesar Helleu
, French artist (d.
1927
)
- December 17
?
Wilmer W. MacElree
, American lawyer and author (d.
1960
)
- December 24
?
Olive E. Dana
, American author (d.
1904
)
- December 29
?
Venustiano Carranza
, 37th President of Mexico (d.
1920
)
Date unknown
[
edit
]
Deaths
[
edit
]
January?June
[
edit
]
- January 19
?
George Schonswar
, British politician (b.
1775
)
- January 21
?
Henry Hallam
, English historian (b.
1777
)
- January 28
?
F. J. Robinson, 1st Viscount Goderich
,
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
(b.
1782
)
- February 13
?
Eliza Acton
, English poet, cookery writer (b.
1799
)
[17]
- February 27
?
Philip Barton Key
, U.S.
District Attorney
(b.
1818
)
- April 8
?
Sir Joseph Thackwell
, British army general (b.
1781
)
- April 16
?
Alexis de Tocqueville
, French historian (b.
1805
)
- May 6
?
Alexander von Humboldt
, German naturalist and geographer (b.
1769
)
[18]
- May 13
?
Bakht Khan
, commander-in-chief of
Indian
rebel forces in the
Indian Rebellion of 1857
(b.
1797
)
- June 11
?
Klemens Wenzel von Metternich
, Austrian diplomat (b.
1773
)
- June 13
?
Angelique Brulon
, French soldier, first female Knight of the French Legion of Honour (b.
1772
)
- June 15
?
Mark Newman
, 3rd
Principal
of
Phillips Academy
in
Andover, Massachusetts
. (b.
1772
)
- June 23
?
Maria Pavlovna, Dowager Grand Duchess of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
(b.
1786
)
July?December
[
edit
]
Wilhelm Grimm
- July 8
- July 16
?
Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart
, British army general and colonial administrator (b.
1783
)
- July 17
?
Stephanie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
,
Queen consort of Portugal
(b.
1837
)
[20]
- July 30
?
Richard Rush
,
United States Attorney General
under
James Madison
,
United States Secretary of the Treasury
under President
John Quincy Adams
(b.
1780
)
- August 2
?
Horace Mann
, American educator, abolitionist (b.
1796
)
- August 4
?
John Vianney
, French saint known as the
Cure de Ars
(b.
1786
)
- August 15
?
Nathaniel Claiborne
, U.S. politician (b.
1777
)
- August 28
- September 15
?
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
, British engineer (b.
1806
)
- September 19
?
George Bush (biblical scholar)
, American professor of Asian languages (b.
1796
)
- September 28
?
Carl Ritter
, German geographer (b.
1779
)
- October 4
?
Karl Baedeker
, German author, publisher (b.
1801
)
- October 12
?
Robert Stephenson
, English civil engineer (b.
1803
)
- October 22
?
Louis Spohr
, German violinist, composer (b.
1784
)
- November 28
?
Washington Irving
, American author (b.
1783
)
[21]
- December 2
?
John Brown
, American abolitionist (hanged) (b.
1800
)
- December 8
?
Thomas de Quincey
, English writer (b.
1785
)
- December 16
?
Wilhelm Grimm
, German philologist, folklorist (b.
1786
)
References
[
edit
]
- ^
"JOSE MARIANO SALAS"
.
Calderon Presidencia de la Republica
(in Spanish). Archived from
the original
on June 8, 2019
. Retrieved
June 8,
2019
.
- ^
"Miguel Miramon"
.
Presidentes.mx
(in Spanish). Archived from
the original
on June 8, 2019
. Retrieved
June 8,
2019
.
- ^
Northern Railway of India.
"History Of Northern Railway"
. Archived from
the original
on February 2, 2006
. Retrieved
March 3,
2006
.
- ^
http://html.rincondelvago.com/venezuela_4.html
Problemas Limitrofes de Venezuela (In Spanish)
- ^
Prestwich, Joseph (January 1860). "On the Occurrence of Flint-implements, associated with the Remains of Animals of Extinct Species in Beds of a late Geological Period, in France at Amiens and Abbeville, and in England at Hoxne".
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society
.
150
. London: 277?317.
doi
:
10.1098/rstl.1860.0018
.
hdl
:
2027/chi.098241705
.
S2CID
111126826
.
- ^
Evans, John (January 1860).
"On the Occurrence of Flint Implements in undisturbed Beds of Gravel, Sand, and Clay"
.
Archaeologia
.
38
(2). London: 280?307.
doi
:
10.1017/s0261340900001454
. Retrieved
February 24,
2012
.
- ^
"Historic Figures: Wilhelm II (1859?1941)"
.
BBC History
. Retrieved
August 22,
2018
.
- ^
Radovsky, M. (2001).
"From childhood to university"
.
Alexander Popov Inventor of Radio
. Translated by Yankovsky, G. Honolulu, Hawaii: University Press of the Pacific. p. 5.
ISBN
978-0-89875-307-3
.
- ^
25th European Microwave Conference
. Swanley, Kent: Nexus Media. 1995. p. 881.
ISBN
978-1-899919-15-4
.
- ^
John K. Roth; Christina J. Moose; Rowena Wildin (2000).
World Philosophers and Their Works: Freud, Sigmund - Oakeshott, Michael
. Salem Press. p. 899.
ISBN
978-0-89356-880-1
.
- ^
Glenn, J. R. (1983). "De Lancey W. Gill: Photographer for the Bureau of American Ethnology".
History of Photography
.
7
(1): 7?22.
doi
:
10.1080/03087298.1983.10442742
.
- ^
"Sidney and Beatrice Webb | British economists"
.
Encyclopedia Britannica
. Retrieved
February 24,
2021
.
- ^
Thomas William Herringshaw (1914).
Herringshaw's National Library of American Biography
. American publishers' association. p. 277.
- ^
Livro de Registo de Baptismos 1860/1865 (fl. 7?7v.), Paroquia de Sao Joao Baptista, Alcochete
? Arquivo Distrital de Setubal
- ^
Spencer Tucker; Laura Matysek Wood; Justin D. Murphy (1999).
The European Powers in the First World War: An Encyclopedia
. Taylor & Francis. p. 124.
ISBN
978-0-8153-3351-7
.
- ^
Polonia: Lewandowski, Stanisław Roman (in Polish)
. Warsawa: Drukarnia Wydanicza. 1939.
- ^
An encyclopedia of British women writers
(Rev. and expanded ed.). New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. 1998. p. 1.
ISBN
0813525438
.
- ^
Stearn, William T. (April 30, 1959).
"Alexander von Humboldt (1769-1859) and plant geography"
.
New Scientist
. Reed Business Information: 957
. Retrieved
March 19,
2023
.
- ^
"Oscar I | king of Sweden and Norway"
.
Encyclopedia Britannica
. Retrieved
December 15,
2020
.
- ^
Edmund Lodge (1872).
The Peerage and Baronetage of the British Empire as at Present Existing ...
Hurst & Blackett. p. 54.
- ^
"Washington Irving - American author"
.
Encyclopedia Britannica
. Retrieved
January 3,
2017
.
5. ^ Meynell, P-J. (1976). Methane: Planning a Digester. New York: Schocken Books. pp. 3.
