한국   대만   중국   일본 
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( ???????????? : Scotland )? ?( ???????? ???????????? : Alba )  تعديل قيمة خاصية الاسم الرسمي (P1448) في ويكي بيانات
 
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????? ?????? ( ?????????? : Scotland )?  ?( ???????? ???????????? : Alba )  تعديل قيمة خاصية الاسم الأصل (P1705) في ويكي بيانات
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??????? ??????? (22 ????? 1706?) [1] [2]   تعديل قيمة خاصية البلد (P17) في ويكي بيانات
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??????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ? ????????
????? ???????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية بتقع فى التقسيم الادارى (P131) في ويكي بيانات
????? ? ??????
???????? 57°N 5°W ? / ? 57°N 5°W ? / 57; -5   تعديل قيمة خاصية الإحداثيات (P625) في ويكي بيانات[3]
?????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية القارة (P30) في ويكي بيانات
???? ???
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????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية العاصمة (P36) في ويكي بيانات
????? ????? ??????? ?   ???????? ??????????? ?   ???????????? (???)   تعديل قيمة خاصية اللغة الرسمية (P37) في ويكي بيانات
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????? ??????? ???????   ?????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية رأس الدولة (P35) في ويكي بيانات
???? ??? ????????   ??? ????? (8 ???? 2024?)
???? ???? (29 ???? 2023?)   تعديل قيمة خاصية رئيس الحكومه (P6) في ويكي بيانات
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?????? ???? ?????????   تعديل قيمة خاصية العملة (P38) في ويكي بيانات
??????? ??????? ? ? ?+01:00 ( ????? ???? )   تعديل قيمة خاصية المنطقة الزمنية (P421) في ويكي بيانات
?????? ?????? ?????? ??????   تعديل قيمة خاصية الويبسايت الرسمى (P856) في ويكي بيانات
??? ?????? ?????? +44  تعديل قيمة خاصية رمز الهاتف الدولي (P474) في ويكي بيانات
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خريطة
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???????? ( ?????????? :Scotland ? ???????  : Alba) ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? (??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ? ???????? ???????? ? ???? ). ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ????????? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????? (????? ????). ????? ????????? ? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?????? (Edinburgh). ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????????? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???. ????? ?????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ??? 1 ???? 1707 ? ???? ??? ????? ???????? ??????.

???????? ( ????????  : ???????? ? ??????? ???????????  : ???? ) ??? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? . ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? 790 ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? . ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ? ???? 154 kilometres (96 mi) ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??????. ??? ?????? ??? 2022 5,436,600 ????? ??????? 8% ?? ???? ??????? ???????. [4] ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???????? .

???? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????. ??? 1603? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ? ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? . ?? 1 ???? 1707? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ???????? [5] [6] ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? . ??? 1999? ???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? . [7] ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????. [8] ????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ? ????????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????. ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ?????? . [9] ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? 2% ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? . [10] ????? ???? ??????? ????????? 3 ?????: ??????? ? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ???????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????????. ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ? ??? 1,345 metres (4,413 ft) . [4] ????? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ???????? . ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ?? Mull ? Skye ? ??????? ????????? ???????? ????? Tiree ? Coll ???? ??????.

??? ????? [ ????? ]

  
?????? ???????: Etymology of Scotland

???????? ???? ?? Scoti , ????? ???????? ?????? . [11] ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ? * skot ? ???? ???????? ?? skotos ????????? ( σκ?το? ) ??????? "?????? ???????". [12] ?????? ????????? ???????? Scotia ?? ??????? ("??? ??????") ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????????? ??????? Scotland ?? ???????? ????????. [13] ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? (??????? ?????? ???????) ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ? ???????? ?? ????? ??????? Alba . ??? ??????? ???????? "????????" ? "????????" ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? . [5]

????? [ ????? ]

???? ??? ??????? [ ????? ]

???????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ? ??? ???? ???????????? ????????? ? ???? ??????? ?????. [14] ???? ???????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? . ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? 12800 ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? . [15] ?????? ? ???? ???????? ?????? ????????? ? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ??????.  :?9???? ??? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? 9500 ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? 6000 ???. ???? ????? ???? Skara Brae ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??. ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????. ????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? Callanish Stones ?? ???? ? Maes Howe ?? ?????? ? ???? ????? ? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????.  :?38?

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????? ???? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ?????? ?? 3180 ??? ??????? ?2500 ??? ??????? ????????

??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? 320 ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????????? ??? "Orcas"? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????.  :?10? ?? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????????? ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ???????? ??? 79 ?? ??? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? 83 ?.  :?12???? ????? ????????? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ? ??? ??? 3 ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? . [16] ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ??? ????? ???? . [17] ?? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ( r.?98?117 )? ???? ??????? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?????? . [18] ???? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ( r.?117?138 ) ???? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???????  :?12????? Limes Britannicus ?????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????. [19] ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ? ?????? ???????? ?????????.  :?13-14? :?38?

?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ??????. ? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????. [20]

??? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????. ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (????????) ??? 1947 (???? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (????????) ??? 1978) ???? ??? ??????? ?? 5 ????? 1948 ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????. ??? ??? 1948? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? . [21] ??????? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ??? 2014? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? 140 ??? ????. [22] ???? ??????? ???????? (TFR) ?? ???????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? 2.1 (??? ???? ??????? ???????? 1.73 ??? 2011 [23] ). ?????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ??????? (51.3% ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??? 2012 [24] ). ????? ????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? 2012 ? 2014 77.1 ??? ?????? ? 81.1 ??? ??????. ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???????. [25] ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? 2528 ??? 2002. ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? 2012? ????? ?? ????? ?2669. [26] ???? ????? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? (CHD) ???? ??? ?? ???? 727 ???? ??? 2002? ??????? ?489 ???? ??? 2012. [26]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ]

????? ?????? ??????

??????

?? ??? 2022
???? ????

?????? ?????

?? ??? 2023

???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? . [27] ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ???????. ????? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ???????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ?????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ? ? ?? ???? ???????? ? ??? ??????. [28] ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?? ??????. ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ? ? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ????????: ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????. [29] ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????????. [30] ??? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? 59 ???? ?? ???????? (?? ?????? 650). [31] ??? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? . ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ???????. [32] ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ? ? ?? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? . [33] ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? 2019. [33]

  ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? 129 ??? (MSPs): 73 ???? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???????? ? ???? ?????? ??? 56 ???????? ?? 8 ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?????????. . ?? ?????? ?? ???? MSPs ???? ??? ???? . [34] ???? ??? ?? ???????? ???????? ?????????? 2021 ? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? (SNP)? ???? ??? ?? 64 ???? ?? ??? 129 ????. [35] ??? ?? ????????? ???????????? ? ???? ?????? ?????????? ? ????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????. [35] ??? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?? 7 ???? 2026. [36] ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? MSP ? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????. ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ????????. [37] ?? ???? 2023? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ? ???? ????? ?????? ??????????.

??????????? ????????? [ ????? ]

???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ? ? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ????????? ???????? ???????? . [38] ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???????. [39] ??? ???? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????. [40] ?????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ? [41] ????? ??????? ??????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????????. [42] [43] ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????. ??? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????????. [44] ???? ??????? ???????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ???????????. ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ???????????. ? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????. [44]

???????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??????? . [45] [46] ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????. [47] ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? 1295 ?????? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ???????. [48] ????? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ??? 2013 ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? . [49] ??? 2004? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ? ? ??? 2021? ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? - ???????? ?? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????? ????????. [44] [50] [51] ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????????? . [52] [53] ???? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????. [54] [55] ??? ?????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ??? 2022.

??????? ?????????? [ ????? ]

??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? 1999 ????? ??? ????? ????????? ?? ??? 1707.

???? ????? ??? ?????? ? ??? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ? ????? ??? ???? ? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? "??????? ??????? ????? ??????????". [56] ????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??? ????? ???????? ??? 1998 ? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? 1997 ???? ??? ??? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????? . ? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ????. [57]

????? ???????? [ ????? ]

????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??????? ?? " Auld Lang Syne " ???????? ?????? ???????????.

???????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ???? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? . [58] ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????????? [59] ???????? [60] ?????????? ??????? [61] ?????????. [62] ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? [63] ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????. [64] ?? ????? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? [65] ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ???????????? ???? ?????. [66] ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ????????. ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? [67] ?????? ???? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ????? ?????????. ??? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ???????????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ? ???? ????? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????????? . [68] ?? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ?????. [69] ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ??? 2004 ???? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ???? " ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????? ??????" ???? "?????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?????????". [70] ???? ??? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? . [71] ?? ??????????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ???? . [69] ??? ??????? ???????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? 2009 ??? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ??????. [72]

???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ???? ???? 3 ????? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ? ?? ???? ?????. ???? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ??? STV ???? ??? ??? 2 ?? ????? ITV ?????? ?? ????????. [73]

??????? ????? [ ????? ]

????????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ?????? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ??? ???? Celtic Connections (??????)? ??????? Hebridean Celtic (????????). ?????????? ???? ????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ( ??????? )? ??????? ??? ????? (???????)? ????????? ?????? ?????? ( ????????????? ? ?????????)? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????. [74] [75] [76] [77]

?????? ??????? [ ????? ]

Royal Arms of Scotland
??????? ??????? ?? ????????
Scottish Thistle
????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ?????????

???? ?????? ????? ? ???? ?????? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? X? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? . [78] ??? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? 1286? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ???????. [79] ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? ??????????? ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ??? 1385 ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???????????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????. [80] ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????. [81] ?? ??? 1606? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? . ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ? ? ?? ???? ??????? ????? (???? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???????? The Thistle o' Scotland )? ? ????? ?????? ? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? 6 ????? 1320? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ????? ???? ????? ??????. [82] [83] [84] ???? ????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ? ?????? ????? 1747 ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? 1782. ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ? ??????? ???? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??? ??? 2010 ????????? ???? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?????????. ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????????? ??????? ? ?????? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ????? ??? . [85]

??? ?????? ????? ? 30 ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????????. ??? 2006? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?????? (????????) ???? ?????? ????? ??? 2007 ? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?????? . [86] ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ????. [87] ??????? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????????. [88] ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ????????. [89]

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????:Scotland topics

  1. ↑ ??????? ???? ?? ???? "??? ??????" (archINFORM): https://www.archinform.net/ort/2913.htm ? ????? ???????: 5 ?????? 2018
  2. ↑ ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????: https://brockhaus.de/ecs/enzy/article/schottland ? ????? ???????: 31 ???? 2021
  3. ↑   تعديل قيمة خاصية مُعرِّف علاقة على خريطة الشَّارع المَفتُوحة (OSM) (P402) في ويكي بيانات {{ cite web }} : Empty citation ( help )
  4. ↑ ? ? "A Beginners Guide to UK Geography (2023)" . Open Geography Portal . Office for National Statistics. 24 August 2023 . Retrieved 9 December 2023 . ?????? ???: ??? <ref> ??? ????? ????? "ONS Geography Guide" ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ??????.
  5. ↑ ? ? Keay, J. & Keay, J. (1994) Collins Encyclopaedia of Scotland .
  6. ↑ Mackie, J.D. (1969) A History of Scotland .
  7. ↑ "Devolution Settlement, Scotland" . gov.uk . Retrieved 7 May 2017 .
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  42. ↑ "Minister for Europe, Migration and International Development" . gov.scot . Retrieved 1 August 2018 .
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