??????? ??????????

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????? ????? ????????
Devlet-i Aliye-yi Osmaniyye
??????? ?????? ; ????? ????? ???????? ; Devlet-i Aliye-yi Osmaniyye
1299?1923
	???? ?????????
	' ????????????: ' ???? ??? ??? ; Devlet-i Ebed-muddet ; (????? ??????)
	????? ????: ??????? ????????? ????
	??????? ????????????????? ??????? (1683) ( ?????: ????????????????? ?????? )
????	??????????
????????	?????? (1299?1326) ; ????? (1326?1365) ; ???? (1365?1453) ; ???????????????????? (1453?1922)
?????????	???????
????????
? 1281?1326 (?????)	?????? I
? 1918?22 (?????)	???????? VI
??????? ??????
? 1320?31 (?????)	?????? ???
? 1920?22 (?????)	??????? ?????????? ???
???????
? ???????	1299
? ?????	1402?1413
? 1. ??????	1876-1878
? 2. ??????	1908-1918
? ????? ???????? ???????? VI ?????????????	????? 17, 1922
? ????? ???????	???? 24 1923
???????????
1680	5,500,000 km 2 (2,100,000 sq mi)
Population
? 1856	35350000
? 1906	20884000
? 1914	18520000
? 1919	14629000
???????????	????? , ?????? , ???
?????	????
???????:Flag of Seljuq Empire.PNG	Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
??????
	Timeline of the Ottoman Empire

???????? ??????

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Empire

1299 ???? 1923 ??? ?????????????? ??? ??????????????????? ??????? ?????????? .( ?????? ??????? ???????? : ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ??????????? ^[2] ?????? ???????? : Osmanlı ?mparatorlu?u ). ??? ???????? ?????????? , ?????? ???????????? ??????????????????. 1923 ??????? 29??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????? ?????????? ???????.

????????????????? ??????? ?????????? 16?? ????????????? 17?? ????????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????? , ???????????????? , ?????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????? ????????????????. ?????????????? 29 ????????????? ????? ????????????????? ?????????????. ? ????????????????? ????? ???????????? ??????? ????????????????? ????????????????, ????? ????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ?????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ??????????????????. 1565? ????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????? (1585), ???? (1617), ??????????????? (1627), ?????? (1655) ????????? ??????????????.? ^[3]

????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ??????? ?????????? , ????????????????????????????? ??????? , ???????? , ???????? ????????????????? ?????????? ??????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????????? ????? ???????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????????????. ^[4]

????? [ ????????? ]

????????? ???????? ????? ????????? ??????????? , ??????????? ??????? 100 ?????????? ????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ??????? ??????, 1259-1326 ???????????? ?????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????. ???????? ???????? ?????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????????????? ?????????????. ???????? ?? ???????? ???????????????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ????????????? ??????????????????? ??????. ^[4]

?????? [ ????????? ]

??????? ??????????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??? ????????????????????. ??? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????????? ??????? ???????????????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????????? ????????????????. ^[4]

???????????????????? ????? [ ????????? ]

???????? ??????????? ??? ???? , ?????????? ?????? ???????????????????????????. 1861-76 ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ??????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????????. ?????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????. ????????? 1870????, ??????? ???????, ??????, ???????????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????????. ??? ?????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????.

????????????? ??????????????? ???????????? 1859-? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????????? ? ???????? ????????. ??????????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???, ????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????????? ???????? ??????. ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? (?.??. 1876-1909) ?????????????????????? 1876 ?????? ???????? ? ?????? ???????????. ^[4]

???????? ??????? ???????????????????? [ ????????? ]

1877-? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????, ????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ???????????????????? ??????. ??????? ?????? 1878 ???????? ??? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????????. ??????? ???????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????? ???????. ?????????????????, ??????? , ??????????, ???????? ?????????? ???????????????????????. ????, ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????. ?????????????????????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????????????????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ????????, ??????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ^[?], ???????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ???????????. 1878 ???????????? ??????? ?????? ????????????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????. ??????? ????? ?????????????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????????????? ??????????????????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ?????????????? ????? ?????????? ??????. ^[4]

??????????? ??????????????? ??????????? [ ????????? ]

??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????, ??????? ??? ???????????????? ????????????????? ????????? ??????? ????????????????? ??????? ???????????. 1908-? ????????????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????, ???????????? ???? ???????????? ??????????? ????????????????? 1876-?? ?????? ?????????????????? ????????? ???????????????.

1908-?? ? ???????????? ???????? ????????????????? ???????????? ???????? , ???????????? ???????. ??????? ????????????? ?????????????. ???????, ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????. 1909 ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????????????. ^[4]

?????? ????????????????? ??????????? [ ????????? ]

1912-13-?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????????. ????????? ??????? ???????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????. ??? ???-?????????????? ???-??????? ?????? ????????????????? ????????????????? ???? ??? , ???? ??? , ????? ???? ??????????? ??????????? (1913-? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????? ???????). ???????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ?????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????? 1914-? ????????? ????????? ?????????, ?????? ????????????? ???????????????????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????????????????? ??????????????, 1914 ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????????????? , ??????????????? ????????????. ??????? ????????????????????? ???? ??????? ??????????????? ???????? ???? ??????? ????? , ???????? ???????, ???? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ????????????? ?????????????.

????????????????? ??????????? ???? ???????????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ????? ??????????? ????????????? ??????. 1918 ??????? 30-?? ??????? ????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??? ????????????? ??????????. ?????? ????????? 1918 ???????? ????????? ??????? ????????????? ???????????????? ??????????-???????????? ???????????? ??????? 40 ???? ????? ???? ??????????? ????, ?????, ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????????????. ^[4]

????????????????? ??????? [ ????????? ]

???????:MustafaKemalAtaturk.jpg

?????? ???? ??????????????

1920 ??????? 16-?? ?????????? ??? ?????????????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????????????? ?????? ?????????????????????? 150 ?????????????????? ?????????????? ??????. ????????? ????????????? ??????? 18-?? ?????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????. ?????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ????? ??????? (GNA) ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????? ????. 1920 ?????? 11-?? ??????? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ??????.

?????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? ???????????????????? 1920 ???? 15-?? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ????. ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??? ??????????????? ??????????????? ?????? ??????????????. ?????? ???? ?????????????????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ?????????.

??????? ????????????????? ?????????? ????????????????? 1920 ??????? ????? ???? , ???????? ????? ?????????????????? ??.??.?. ????? ??????????????. ?????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????????? ???????????? ?????????. ??? ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????? ??????? 1923 ??????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????????????. ? ????????????? ????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????.

?????? ???????, ??????? ??????????????? ??????? ??????? ????????. ?????? ????? ????? 1922 ????? 1-?? ????????? ?????????????? ??.??.?. ????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????????????????. ?????? 1259-? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ????????? ???????????????? ???? ????????? ??.??.?. ????????? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????? ??.??.?. ???????????. ?????? ?????????? ??????????????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??.??.?. ?????????????. ???? ???????????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ??????????. ???????? ????? 1923-? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????????? ???????????? 1923 ??????? 29-?? ??.??.? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ??? ????????????????? ??????. ?????? ???????, ???? ???????????? ????????????????? ??????.

1924 ??????? 3-?? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??.??.?. ????????????? ???????????, ????????? ??? ??????????????????????, 1292 ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?????????????????? ??????. ?????????, ??????? ??????????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????. ^[4]

?????????? [ ????????? ]

? ^{^} ??????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ??????????????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????. ??? ??????? ????????????? ??????????????????. ???????? ??????????????? ?????????????????????? 1827-? ???????? ??????? (?.??. 1808-39) ???-???????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????. ??????? (??????????? ?????????) ??????? ? ????? ????????????????????????. ^[4] 1876-?? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ??????? ??????????????? ??????????????.

?????? [ ????????? ]

↑ The Treaty of Sevres (August 10, 1920) afforded a small existence to the Ottoman Empire. The abolishment of the Ottoman Sultanate on November 1, 1922 did not end the Ottoman State , but only the Ottoman dynasty . The official end of the Ottoman State was declared through the Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923). It recognized the new "Ankara government", and not the old Constantinople-based Ottoman government, as representing the rightful owner and successor state. The Constantinople-based government was practically headless after the sultan left the capital. The TBMM declared the successor state to be the " Republic of Turkey " (October 29, 1923).
↑ "Ottoman banknote with Arabic script" . Archived from the original on 2017-03-28 . Retrieved 2009-01-19 .
↑ "Turkish Navy Official Website: "Atlantik'te Turk Denizcili?i" " . Archived from the original on 2009-04-16 . Retrieved 2009-01-19 .
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 ^4.8 Dilip Hiro (2009). "Chapter 1 Turkey : From militant secularism to Grassroots of Isam". Inside Central Asia - A political history of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgistan, Tajikistan, Turkey and Iran . New York: Overlook Duckworth. pp. 66?73. ISBN 978-1-59020-221-0 . {{ cite book }}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= ( help )

[1] The Treaty of Sevres (August 10, 1920) afforded a small existence to the Ottoman Empire. The abolishment of the Ottoman Sultanate on November 1, 1922 did not end the Ottoman State , but only the Ottoman dynasty . The official end of the Ottoman State was declared through the Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923). It recognized the new "Ankara government", and not the old Constantinople-based Ottoman government, as representing the rightful owner and successor state. The Constantinople-based government was practically headless after the sultan left the capital. The TBMM declared the successor state to be the " Republic of Turkey " (October 29, 1923).

[2] "Ottoman banknote with Arabic script" . Archived from the original on 2017-03-28 . Retrieved 2009-01-19 .

[3] "Turkish Navy Official Website: "Atlantik'te Turk Denizcili?i" " . Archived from the original on 2009-04-16 . Retrieved 2009-01-19 .

[hiro1-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 ^4.4 ^4.5 ^4.6 ^4.7 ^4.8 Dilip Hiro (2009). "Chapter 1 Turkey : From militant secularism to Grassroots of Isam". Inside Central Asia - A political history of Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgistan, Tajikistan, Turkey and Iran . New York: Overlook Duckworth. pp. 66?73. ISBN 978-1-59020-221-0 . {{ cite book }}: Cite has empty unknown parameter: |coauthors= ( help )

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