World Health Organization
????? ????? ????????
世界?生??
Organization mondiale de la sante
Всемирная организация здравоохранения
Organizacion Mundial de la Salud
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1948 ????
7 ??????
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[1]
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[2]
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who.int
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????????? ??????? ???????????
?
????????????? ?????? ????????????
?????????? ????????????. ???????????????? ???????????? ???????????, ??????? ???????
1948 ????
. ????? ?????????????? 194 ??????????, ??? ?????
??????????
.
????-????
??????????
??????????
?????
????????
. ?????????? ??????????
?????? ?????? ??????????
. ???????????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????. ????????? ??????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????, ??? ??????, ???????, ???????? ????????? ???????????? ????????? (???????? ??????????????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????, ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ???). ??? ???????????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????? (???., ?????????, ??????????, ???????????, ?????????? ??????????? ???????).
[4]
???????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????. ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? 21-? ?????????“, ??????? ??????? ????
1998 ????
. ????????? ????????? ?????????????
?????????
????????????
????? ???????? ????????, ??????? ????????????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???????????? ?????????.
???????????
????????, ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ????????? ??????????.
[5]
????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ????????, ??????? ???????????? ????????. ????????????? ??????? ????????????? ????????. ??? ??????? ???????????? ????? 30 ??????????? ????????????????????, ????????? ?????? ????????; ???????? ???????? ?????????, ??? ????, ????? ?????. ??????????????? ??????? ????????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?????????????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? 6 ??????????? ???????????:
???????
(
???????????
),
???
-?? (
??????????
), ???????-???????? ?????? (
????
),
????????? ?????
?????????? ???????? (
???????????
),
?????? ???????
???????? ???????? (
??????
),
????????
(
?????????
).
[6]
?????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????
1992 ??????
. ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?????
????????????
???????
1993 ????
. ????????? ??????? ???????????? ????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ????????? ?????????,
??????????
??????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????? ???????? ?????, ??????? ??????? 53 ???? ????????. ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ??????, ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????????, ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????????????.
[7]
???????????? ?????????? ?????????????, ???????? ????????????? ???????
1851
???? 23 ??????, ????????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???????. ???????????? ???? ???????, ???????
1851
??????
1938
?????? ?????????, ????????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ?????, ??? ????? ???
??????
,
??????? ???????
??
???????? ????
. ????????????? ???????? ??????????? ???
1892
???? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ???? ??? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ??????, ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????. ???????? ??????, ??? ??????????? ?????????????? ???????, ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????. ????
1920
????, ??????? ????
???? ????
???????, ???????????? ???? ????? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ??
????? ??????? ????
?????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????????.
1946
???? 22 ??????, ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ???????
??????
?????????? ????? ?????? ?? 10 ????????? ????????. ???????, ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????????????? ????????, ???????? ????? ????? ???????????. ???? ??????? ??????????? ?????? ??????
1948
???? 7 ?????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ???
???????????????
26 ????? ??????? ????. ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ?? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????????? ????????? ?????.
??????
2012
?1913
?????? ???????? ?????????? 5 ?????, ??????? ??????? ??????????? ???????????. ?????????? ???: ???????, ??????? ????????? ???????????? ????????????, ????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????????, ???? ????? ??,
???????
,
?????????
??
?????????????
???????? ???????? ???????????????? ?? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????.
2015
???? ????????????, ????????? ??????? ???????????? UNAIDS-?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????????? ???? ????????? ???????.
?????? ??????? ??????
(UNAIDS) ??????????????? ??????????????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????
2009
-
2015
??????, 15?24 ?????? ?????? ????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????.
1970
-???? ?????? ???????????? WHO?? ???? ???? ????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????, ?????? ?????? ????????? ???????, ?????? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???????? ???????????. ???????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ???????. ?? ?????????, ?????????????? ????????????
?????
??????? ?? ????????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ???????????, ????? ?????? ????????????? ???????????, ????????????? ?? ???????? ?? ????????? ?????????????, ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???????????? ????????.
1990
??????
2010
?????? WHO?? ?????????? ???? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? 40%-?? ??????????, ????
2005
?????? 46 ???????? ??? ???????? ????????????? ?? ?????????? 7 ??????? ???????? ???????????. ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????????? ????????????????, ??????? ????????? ????????, ??????????? ???????????????, ???????????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??????????? ?????????????. ????????????? ????????? ????? ??????? ???/?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????, ?????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????? ??????????????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????????????. ?? ????? ??????? ???? ???????????? ??????????, ?????????
???????
. ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????? ????? ??????????? ???????. ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????, ??? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????????.
?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????, ??????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ???????? ????????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????????, ????????? ???????????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ????????????, ????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????. ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????????? ??????, ?????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??????? ?Entre Nous“ ???? ????????
1983
??????. ???????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????, ????????? ???????????, ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????????. ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????????? ?? ??????? ???????
?????????
?????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?? ??????????.
????????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????????: ?????? ?????, ???????????? ???????????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????, ??????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????????, ????????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????, ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????????, ???? ??????? ?????????? ???????????????? ?????? ?????????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????. ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ??????????????, ????????? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ????? ??????????????????? ???????????????? ??????? ????????????. ??? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ?? ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ??????, ?????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????: ??????????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? (ICD), ??????????????, ????????? ??????????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? (ICF) ?? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? (ICHI).
2019
???? ????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????? ???????????.
?????? ???? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????????? ????????? ?????
????????
????????? ?????-????????? ????????
2003
????, ????????? ????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????, ????????? ?????????? ??????? ????????
2010
???? ?? ????. ????????? ?????????? ????????????, ????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????, ???????????, ????????? ?? ??????????, ???????????????? ?? ????????? ??????????????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????????????? ??????? ????????. ??? ????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????, ????????? ?? ??????????.
????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????????? ?????? ?????, ???????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ??????????? ?? ????????????? ????????????. ???????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????, ???????????? ???????????, ?????????? ???????????? ?? ??????, ???????? ?????????? ????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????. ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ?? ???????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????. ??????????? ???????? ?????? ????????? ?? ????????????? ?????? ???? ??????????? ?????????????. ????? ???????
???????
???????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????. ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ???????????????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????? ????? ????????????? ????? ?????????, ????????? ?HINARI“-? ?????. ??????????? ????????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ???????, ????????????? ?? ??????????? ??????? ?????????????, ????? ?????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ??????????, ??????? ??????? ??????? ???????????? ???????????????. ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ????????? ????????? ?????????. ?????????? ???????????, ????????? ?? ?????????????? ?????????? ????????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???????????.
????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ????????????? ?? ???????????????? ?????? ????????????? ??????????????? ?? ??? ???????????, ????????? ?????????? ????????????? ???????????, ??? ????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????, ??????? ??????? 70 ??????? ??????? 400 000 ??????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ??????? (SAGE). ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? (CHIP) ????? ????????????? ????????, ??? ???????? ????????????? ?????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????, ???????? ?????????????? ?????????? ?????????. ?? ???????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ?? ???????????? ????????????? ??????????, ???? ??????????????, ????????????? ?? ??????????????.
???????????? ????????? ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????????
?????????
???????. ???? ?? ???? ??????????? ????? ????????????? ??????????????, ????????? ???????????? ???????? ?????? ?????????, ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???? ??????????????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????. ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????????????? ??????????????? ????????????, ?????????? ?? ???????????? ????????, ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????????, ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ?? ???????, ???-????????? ????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ???????, ???????? ????????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??????????? ???????????? ???????, ??????? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ???????????
2009
-
1910
??????.
2013
????
10 ?????????
????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?MINDBank“, ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ????????????? ?? ???????? ???? ????????????? ????????????, ????????? ????????? ???????????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ????????. ????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ????????????, ???????????, ???????????? ???????????? ?? ???????? ?????? ???????????, ????????? ????????? ?? ?????????? ????????? ??????????????? ?????????? ?????????, ????????????, ?????????? ?? ????????????? ???????????? ???????. ???????????? ?????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? 4000 ????????? ?? ?????? ???? 160 ?????????.
????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????????????? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ????????? ????????????.
2020
???? ????????????, ??????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ????????????? ??
?????????? ????????
.
2018
???? ??????? ???? ??????????? ??? ?????????? ???????, ?Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation“,
????????????? ??????
,
????????
?? ?GAVI Alliance“.
2020
???? ???????
???
-? ???????????
?????? ???????
, ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????????, ??????????, ??? ???? ????????????? ????????? ???????????? ???????????? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ???????????? ???????????, ??? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????
????????
????????????, ??????? ????????
?????????
?????? ?????????????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?????, ??? ???????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ???????????? ????????. ?????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????, ??? ????? ?????? ??????????? ????????
??????? ??????????
, ????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?????,
??????? ????????
??????????????.
????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ?????????? ???????? ???????????, ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ?????????, ????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?????????????? ?
COVID-19
“ ????????. ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ?????
2020
????
1 ???????
, ??? ??????, ???
???????
????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ??????
??????????
???????????? ??????????? ???????.
5 ???????
?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ?? ???????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????. ????????????
14 ???????
????????? ???????
???????
???????? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???????, ??? ?????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????. 30 ???????, ?????? ?????????? ?????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ??????????? ??????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????. ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????????? ??????? ??????? ??????, ??? ?????
????????
,
?????????
??
???????? ?????
, ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????. ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ????????, ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????????, ???? ?????????????? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????? ?????, ????????? ????????????, ???????????? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ????????????, ???????? ??????, ????????? ?????? ?? ??????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????????? ????????? ????????, ????????? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?? ????????????. ??? ??????? ??????????????, ?????? ??????????? ?????? ???????? ??????????????.
1992
???? 16 ?????
??????????
??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????? ?????????????. ?????? ??????? ???????????? ?????
????????
?? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????????? ???????? ??????????? ?? ???? ????????? ??????, ???????? ????????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ???????? ????????? ?? ???????????? ???????????? ?????????? ??????? ???????.
???????????, ???????????? ???-??? ??????? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????????. ???????????? ???????? ?????? ????? ????????, ???????? ??????? ??????????, ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????, ?????? ???? ??????????? ????????. ?????????,
2010
???? ??????????? 100 000 ????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????, ???????? ??????????? ???????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????, ???? ????? ?????? ??????????????? ?????????? ??????? 7 %-? ??????, ?????? ????? ???????????. ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ????????????? ???????????, ??????? ?????????
2014
???? ????????????? ???????? 65 ?????. ???????????? ??????? ?????????? ?? ??????????? ???????????? ??????, ??????? ?? ????????????? ??????????? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ????????. ?????????“ ???????????? ?????? ???????
2011
???? ????????
2013
???? ???????? ???????,
????????
, ???????????? ????????????? ?? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ???????? ???????? ??????? ????????????????.
2013
???? ?????????, ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????????????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ????? ????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????.
????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????. ??????, ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?? ??????? ??????????, ????????????
2016
???? ?????????? ???????????? ??????? ???????????? ????????? ?????, ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ????????????? ?????????. ?????? ????????, ????? ????????, ??????????? ???????????? ????????? ???? ??????????? ???????? ? ??????????? ?? ?????? ???????????“, ????? ??????????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????, ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?? ??????????, ??????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ????????????.
- World Health Organizaton, Acceleratting progress on HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, hepatitis and neglected tropical diseases, A new agenda for 2016?2030, 2015
- History of Medicine, History of the World Health Organization (WHO), 4 November 2018
????????????
7 April 2021
??????
Wayback Machine
.Category:Webarchive-?? ?????? ?????????????
- Marcos Cueto, Theodore M. Brown, Elizabeth Fee, The Response to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic, April 2019, (pp 203-238)
- World Health Organization, Global health sector strategy on hiv/aids 2011-2015, 2011, (pp. 7-17)
- Marcos Cueto, Theodore M. Brown, Elizabeth Fee, The Response to the HIV/AIDS Pandemic, April 2019, (pp 203-238)
- UNICEF/Karin Schermbrucke, World is closer than ever to seeing polio disappear for good, 24 October 2019
- Gauden Galea, Entre Nous, The European Magazine For Sexual and Reproductive Health, Noncomunicable Deseases and Sexual and Reproductive Health, 2012
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??????? ?????
]
- IPC, Updated Disease Classification System Adopted by the World Health Organization, 1 august 2019
????????????
20 April 2021
??????
Wayback Machine
.Category:Webarchive-?? ?????? ?????????????
- J.E. Asvall, World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe Copenhagen, Health 21, The health for all policy framework for the WHO European Region, 1999
????????????
2021-11-03 ??????
Wayback Machine
.
- Anne Street, Humanitarian partnerships: what do they really mean?, May 2011
????????????
2021-04-16 ??????
Wayback Machine
.
- Global Heath Training Center, HINARI - Access to Research in Health Programme, 5 Jun 2014
- Philippe Duclos, Jean-Marie Okwo-Bele, David Salisbury, Establishing global policy recommendations: the role of the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts on immunization, 9 January 2014
- Benjamin Mason Meier, Ana S.Ayala,The Pan American Health Organization and the Mainstreaming of Human Rights in Regional Health Governance, September 2014 , (pp. 368-369)
- World Federation of Neurology, World Health Organisation launches MiNDbank online platform, 12 Dec ember 2013
????????????
2021-06-14 ??????
Wayback Machine
.
- UN news, 5 reasons the world needs WHO, to fight the COVID-19 pandemic, 9 April 2020
- Health Organization, Georgia Profile of Health and Well-being, 2017, (pp. 5)
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- ??????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????, ??????, ????????????? ?? ????????? ?????? ??????????, ????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ???????????? ??????????, 12 ?????? 2016
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