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???????? ??????? (? ????????? : Republica de Mocambique ) ??? ????? ? ????-???? ?????? , ?????? ? ????????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????-????, ???????? ?????, ????? ? ?????? ?????-????, ? ?????? ?????. ?????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? . ??? ???? ? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????? , ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? .

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??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ? ??? , ??? ??????-????? ???? ???????. ????? ???????? ? ????? ??????? (???? ??????? ?? ???????) ???? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????????. ???? ????? ??? ????? ? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?????? .

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???? 1498 ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????. ??????? ???? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? 500 ???? ????. ????? ????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????????? ????? ? ???? ????? ?? ???? , ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ? ?????? ??? , ?????? ???? ?? ????? . ?? ???, ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????. ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ? ????? ?????? ?????.

? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? , ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????, ???? ???? ??? ???, ??? ?????, ???? ????? ????. ??? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ^[5].

???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????, ???? ???? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????, ???? ????, ?? ???? ?????? ??????, ????????, ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ???????. ??????? ??, ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?? ???? ?-20 . ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? (????? ?????, ????? ??????) ?????? ???????, ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????.

???? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???????, ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ^[6], ???? ??????? ????? ???. ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ??????, ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ^[7]. ???? 1935 ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ^[8].

?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? , ??????? ??????? ??????????????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????, ????? ??????? ?????????. ???????? ?????????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? , ??????? ???? ?? ??????? ?????????, ??????? ?????? ??????? ??? ???, ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????. ??????? ???, ????? ??? ????????????? ???? ????????, ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ^[9]^[10].

???? ??????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

? ???? ?-60 ?? ???? ?-20 ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????, ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ??????. ?????? ?????, ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???????. ?-25 ????? 1962 ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? , ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ???????? (????? ???? 1969 ) ???????? - ????? ????, ??????? ??? ?????, ?'????? ?????? ??????. ?-25 ??????? 1964 ???? ????? ??????, ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????, ????? ???? ?????. ?????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ??????????.

????? ????????? ???????? ???? 1974 ????? ?????? ? ??????????? ?????????. ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?- 25 ????? 1975 ??? ?-20,000 ???? ?????? ^[11]. ??? ????? ??? ????? 24/20 ??????? ?????? ?????, ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ????? ?? ?????? 24 ???? ???? ???, ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? 20 ?"? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ^[12]. ????? ?????????? ???? ????????? ??????.

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???????? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? . ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ?????? ??????? ? ?????? , ???? ?????? ? ?????? , ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???? ??????? (??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ). ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????.

????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ? ????? ?????? ????? ???, ??, ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????, ?-1.7 ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????? ??????? ?????. ?- 1983 ???? ????? ?????? "???? ?????? ?? ???????", ?????? ?????? ????? ???? (????? ???? ???? ???? ???????? ???? ???????) ?? ???? ??????????. ????? ?? ????, ?'????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???????, ??- 1990 ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????, ???????? - ??????? . ?- 1992 ???? ???? ???? ?????? ? ??"? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ????.

?? 1995 ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????, ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????.

??????? 2016 ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????????' ?? ????? ??? ?-80 ?????? ????? ?????.

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??????? ??? ???????? ??-??????? , ?? ?? ????? ????????? ?- 1990 ?????? ???? ? ???? ?????. ????? ?????? ??? ?'????? ??????, ????? ??????? ??? 1986 , ???? ????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????, ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ??????? (?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ????) ???? 1994 ????? ?? ???? ?????? ( ?????? ) ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?-1975, ?????? ?? ?????? " ???? ?????? ?????????? ". ??????? ?????? ???? 1999 , ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? 4% ?????? ?????? "???????? ??????? ??????????". ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???????, ?-85%. ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????????? ???????, ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????. ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? 2004 , ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? (Frelimo) ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? 63%, ????? ?? 2015 ?????.

?- 17 ??????? 2004 ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??.

??? ??, ?????? ????? ????? ?????? . ????? ???? ????? , ????? ?????? ??? ????? ; ???? ?????? ????? ?"???? ???????" ??????? ???? ??? ?? 250 ?????? (??? ?? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? 160 ??????); ? ???? ????? (??? ???? ?????) ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???????.

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???????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???????, ?????? ?? ?????? (???? ????????) ????? ?????? ??? ????? ? ???????? . ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ???????, ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????????. ????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????.

????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?-80 ????? ?????, ????? ? ????? ????? . ?????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????? ?? ?????, ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??????. ? ???? ?-90 ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????, ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????, ??? ? ????? ?????? ?????? , ??? ????? ?? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ??????.

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???? ???? 1992 ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????. ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ????. ???? 1994 ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??????, ???? ????? ?:

??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????: ?????? , ????? ???????? ???????? (????? ????? ?? ?-1200 ?????? ???? ????? ??????) ??????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? , ???? ? ?????? , ???? ????? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??.
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???? ?????? ?????? ????????? ?-1994 ??????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?-90, ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????. ?????? ??? ??? ??? 5-10%, ???? ????? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ????????, ????????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ?? ?-6 ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ??????? ???? ????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ??????, ?? ?-15% ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ????. ??? ? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? 2000 ????? ?????? ?? ??????, ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???.

????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ??????, ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????.

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??????? ?????? ???? ??????????, ?????? ??? ????? ????? ????????? ???? ????. ??????????? ??????? ?-129 ??????.

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???????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???????. ?-45% ??????????? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????, ???? ???????? ????? ??? ????? ??. ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????.

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?????? ???? ?-80 ??? ???????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ??????. ???? ????? ????? ????-????????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ??????. ???? 2003 ???? ??? Kuxa Kanema: o nascimento do cinema ?? ?????? ??.

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^ ???? 129. Harvey, Robert. Portugal: Birth of a Democracy . Springer, 1978. ISBN 1349159875
^ ???? 47. Pitcher, M. Anne. Transforming Mozambique: The Politics of Privatization, 1975?2000 . Cambridge University Press , 2002. ISBN 1139434942
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[11] ???? 129. Harvey, Robert. Portugal: Birth of a Democracy . Springer, 1978. ISBN 1349159875

[12] ???? 47. Pitcher, M. Anne. Transforming Mozambique: The Politics of Privatization, 1975?2000 . Cambridge University Press , 2002. ISBN 1139434942

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