???????????
(
?????????
:
????????
???????????
[?baŋlade?]
), ??????? ??
??????????????? ??? ?????????
(?????????????? ????????
Gonoprojatontri Bangladesh
), ??? ? ???? ???
????-???? ????
??????????? ????
??????
???? ???? ??? ?????, ???? ? ??????? ?????? ???
?????
??? ????-???? ??? ???? ???
????? ??? ??????
?? ????. ??
?????????
???
????
. ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?????? ???
????????
. ?????? ??? ? ????? ???? ????. ?? ??? ? ??????? ??? ???
??????????
. ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????.
?? ????????????? ??? ????????? ????? 89.7%
??????????
??? 2%
?????
.
??????
??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??? ?????????.
?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?????????
????
???
?????????
.
??? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????????????, ?? ??????
?????
???? ??? ?????. ??? ???? ??? 700 ????? ??? 8,046 ??? ??? ?????????? ???????????. ??? ???? ??? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??? ????-????, ???? ?? ??????-??????, ??? ?????????? ???-??, ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??????????.
?????? ??? ?? ????????????-????, ??? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????????? ??? ??? ?????. ????? ????? ???????????? ????? ???
???????????? ???????
, ??
??????????? ?????
,
????
,
??????
,
?????
,
????????
???
????????
. ?????????? ??? ? ??????? ??? ??
??????????? ??????
??? ???
????? ????? ???????????
.
????????? ??????? ??? ????????? (???????)
????? ??????
|
|
|
????? ??????
|
|
|
????? ????
|
|
|
????? ????
|
|
|
????? ?????????????
|
|
|
????? ????????
|
|
|
????? ??????
|
|
|
????? ????
|
|
|
????? ??????
|
|
|
????? ?????
|
|
|
????? ????
|
|
|
????? ????
|
|
|
????????? ??? ????????? ????? ???
????????
(53), ????????? (139),
??-?????????
(19) ???
??-???????
(5). ???? ??? ?? 628 ????? ??? ???????.
[1]
?????????, ??
????????????-????
??? ? ????-???????? ???????? ????????, ??? ?? ??????????? ????????? ???????? (??? ?????? ??? ????????) ??? ?? ????????????? ??????-??????? ????????. ??? ????????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? $1754 ??? 2018 ??? ?
????? ?????????? ???????
??? $285 ??????.
[2]
??????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???????? ???? ??????????? $15.31 ?????? ??? 2015.
[3]
???? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?????????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ???????????? ???????. ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???? ???????????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????. ??? 1991, ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ??? ?????????? ?????????????. ??? ????????? ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????????????, ??? ? ??? ???????????? ???? ?????? ?? ????????. ?? ????? ??????????? ????? ???? ???????,
???????????
, ??????????, ?????, ??????????, ???????, ??????????? ????????, ????????, ???????, ???????? ????????? ??? ???????? ?????. ??? ??? ??? 2014-15 ???? ???????? ??????? ??? 3.3% ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? $30 ??????, ???? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? 45% ??? ??? ?????? ?????.
[4]
??? ?????????????? ???????? ??? ??? ??? ?????????????????? ??????????.
? ?????? ????? ?? ???????????? ?????????? ??????????? ??? ? ????-???????? ????????????????. ???? ???
????? ????
, ????? ??????? ?????????, ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???? ????? ?????????.
[5]
??? ????? 2010, ??? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ? BB- ??????-?????? ??????-??????, ????????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ?????.
[6]
??? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????-??????????? ???, ???? ??
??????
?????, ?????? ???????? ??? ?? ?????????? ???? ??????. ????????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????????, ??? ??? ???????????? 18.6 ??????? ??? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? 2010 ??? ??? ????????? ???????? 45 ??????? ??? ??? ???????????.
[7]
??? ????????????? ?????? ???? ? ???? ???? ???????????????, ??????? ????????, ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??? ??? ?????????. ??? ??????????? ???????? ????? ????? ??? ?????????? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????. ????????? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ???
????
(?????? ??? ??? ?????),
???????
(???????), ??????? ?????? (???????), ?????(????????) ??? ????????????? (???????).
[8]
[9]
????????? ??? ??? ????????????? ????????? ??? ?????????? ??? ????, ?????? ??? ??? ??? ???????, ??? 56 ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????????? ???. ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ????????? (??????? ??????) ??? ???? (???? ????????? ??? ?????????) ???????. ?? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????????. ?? ??????????? ???????????? ??????????
???????
????????? 50 ??????? ??? ???????????? ????????? ???.
[10]
???? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ??.
[11]
????????? ??? ????????? ???????? ??? ?????, ??? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?????????. ?????????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????????, ??? ??? ? ????? ??????????? ??? ??? ??? ??????.
???????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??????????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????, ??? ???????? ??? 2014 ??? $25 ??????.
[12]
?????-????? ??????????, ???? ????????, ??? ??? ?????????????? ??????? ??????. ?? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? 97 ??????? ??? ??????????? ???????? , ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ??????.
[13]
[14]
?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ??? ?????????? ?? ???????.
[15]
????-?????????
??? ? ??????????? ??????? ??? ?????????. ??
????? ????
???? ?? ?? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ????-?????????.