??????
|
?????????
|
??????????? (??.??.)
|
??????? (?.?. 2560)
[2]
|
????
|
???????
|
130,463
|
11,183,716
|
?????????
|
???????
|
55,882
|
4,213,265
|
????????
|
????
|
78,864
|
10,610,947
|
?????????
|
?????????
|
61
|
33,203
|
?????????
|
???????
|
77,474
|
8,820,083
|
????????
|
??????????
|
42,593
|
5,711,870
|
????????
|
?????
|
320,466
|
5,254,694
|
????????????
|
????????????
|
41,019
|
16,987,330
|
???????????????????????
|
????????
|
50,537
|
3,516,816
|
?????????
|
??????
|
109,627
|
7,131,494
|
????????
|
?????????
|
30,164
|
11,358,379
|
???????
|
??????
|
205,194
|
9,480,042
|
????????
|
??????
|
91,320
|
10,371,627
|
???????
|
??????
|
312,056
|
38,224,410
|
????????
|
?????
|
537,666
|
64,720,690
|
????????
|
????????
|
334,288
|
5,503,132
|
??????????
|
??????????
|
91,320
|
628,615
|
???????
|
???????
|
13,812
|
4,059,608
|
?????
|
????????
|
312
|
429,362
|
???????????????
|
???????
|
25,416
|
2,081,206
|
??????
|
??????
|
1.5
|
38,499
|
??????
|
?????
|
597,007
|
44,438,625
|
???????
|
????????
|
352,914
|
81,914,672
|
???????
|
?????
|
16,877,291
|
143,964,513
|
????????
|
?????????
|
234,749
|
19,778,083
|
????????????
|
????????????
|
2,555
|
575,747
|
???????
|
????
|
63,851
|
1,970,530
|
????????????
|
?????
|
160
|
37,666
|
?????????
|
????????
|
64,445
|
2,908,249
|
?????????????
|
???????
|
0.44
|
801
|
????
|
??????
|
498,936
|
46,347,576
|
?????????
|
??????????
|
49,036
|
5,444,218
|
?????????
|
?????????
|
19,761
|
2,077,862
|
??????????????
|
?????
|
40,809
|
8,401,739
|
??????
|
??????????
|
444,754
|
9,837,533
|
?????????????
|
??????
|
241,275
|
65,788,574
|
????????
|
???????
|
82,885
|
8,712,137
|
?????????
|
???????????????
|
448
|
77,281
|
??????
|
???
|
297,789
|
59,429,938
|
?????????
|
????????
|
44,577
|
1,312,442
|
?????????
|
??????
|
28,416
|
2,926,348
|
?????????
|
????????
|
101,809
|
332,474
|
?????????
|
??????
|
69,471
|
4,726,078
|
???????
|
?????????
|
91,953
|
9,753,281
|
??????
|
????????
|
10,887
|
1,783,531
|
?????????
|
10,600,000
1
|
741,447,158
2
|
- 1
????????????????????????
- 2
?????????????????????????????? ?.?. 2560
?????????????????????????????????????????????????????
???????????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????????
????????
??????????????
??????????
????????
????????????
???
????????
- ????????????
?????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? 25 ???????????? ?????? ????????????????????
??????????????
?????????
???????
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???????
- ???????????
??????????? 2 ??????? ? ???
- ???????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ???????????
????????????????????
??
?????????
?????
???????
?????????
???????????????????????????????????
- ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????
???????????????????? ?????????????? 7 ?????????
- ?????????????????????
??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????? 1-2 ????? ??????????????????????? ??????????????????? 10
????????????
?????????????????????
?????
?????????
?????????????????????????? ??????
??????????????????????????
???????????????????????
?????????????
- ??????????????????????????????
??????????????????? ??? ????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????? 6
????????????
????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? 500-1,000 ????????? ??????????????? ??? ???????????????? ??????????????????????? ???
????????
??????
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????????
- ?????????????????????????????
???????????????????? ??? ?????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????
????????
????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ??? ?????????
?????????????
????????
?????????
?????????
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- ?????????????????????????????????????????
?????????????????????? ??? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????
?????????????????
???????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????? 750-1,500 ????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????????????????
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????????
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- ??????????????????????
???????????????????? ??? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????? ????????????????????????????? 500-1,000 ????????? ??????????????? ?????? ???????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????? ?????? ??????
???????????????
????????
???
???????
- ???????????????????????????????
??????????????????? ??? ???????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????????????????? 500-1,000
?????????
????? ????????????????????????????? ???????? ?????????????????????? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ?????????????????? ???????? ??????? (maquis) ???????????????????????????? ??? ????????????????????????
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??????????????????????????? ??? ???????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????? 500 ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????:
????????? ??????????? 4 ??????????? ? ??????
???????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????
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- ???????? ??????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????
- ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ????????????????
- ????? ??? ????? ????? ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????? ???? ????
- ?????????? ???????????????? ???????????????? ???????? ?????????
- ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????
- ?????????
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- ???????? ?????????????????? ??????
- ?????????
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- ??????
???????????
????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????? ???????????????????????
- ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????
- ??????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????? ???????????????????????? ???????????????? ??????????????????? ??????????????? ??????????
- ????? ?????????????
- ??????????????????????????????????????????
- ???????????????????????
- ??????????????????????????????????????????
- ???????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
- ??????? ????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????? ??????? ??????????????????????
- ????? ?????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????? ??????? ???? ???????
- ?????????? ????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????? ???? ????????????? ???????? ??????? ???????????? ??????????????????????? ??????? ?????? ???????
- ????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????
- ??????????
- ???????????????????????? (EFTA-European Free Trade Association) ?????????????????????????? ?????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????
- ?????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????
- ?????????
??????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????? ?????????????????? 1 ?? 5 ??????????????????
- ???????
????????????????????? 1 ?? 3 ??????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ???????????????????????????????????????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????
- ????????
???????????????????????????????????????? ???????????????????????????????? ????????????? ?????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
- ?????? ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????????? ????????????????????????????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????????????????? ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????
???????????????
???????????????????????????? ????????? ??????
?? 8
????? 8 ?????? ????????????????????????????? 5 ?????? ???
???????
???????
????????
??????
???
?????????????
????????
??????????????? 2010
???
??????????
?????
????????
????????????????????????? ???????????????????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
??????
|
??????
|
???????????????????????
(??????? ????????)
????
????????????
|
????????
|
?
|
??????????
|
19,226,235
|
2008
|
1
|
???????
|
4,319,286
|
2021
|
2
|
?????????????
|
3,124,650
|
2021
|
3
|
????????
|
2,938,271
|
2021
|
4
|
??????
|
2,408,392
|
2008
|
5
|
???????
|
2,288,428
|
2013
|
6
|
????
|
1,631,685
|
2008
|
7
|
????????????
|
1,012,598
|
2021
|
8
|
?????
|
957,504
|
2013
|
9
|
??????????????
|
824,734
|
2021
|
10
|
???????
|
642,121
|
2021
|
??????
|
??????
|
???????????????????????
(?????? ????????)
????
????????????
|
????????
|
?
|
??????????
|
22,825,236
|
2019
|
1
|
???????
|
4,743,673
|
2021
|
2
|
???????
|
4,328,122
|
2021
|
3
|
?????????????
|
3,246,537
|
2019
|
4
|
????????
|
3,231,927
|
2021
|
5
|
?????
|
2,749,570
|
2021
|
6
|
??????
|
2,668,956
|
2019
|
7
|
????
|
2,007,055
|
2019
|
8
|
???????
|
1,363,766
|
2021
|
9
|
????????????
|
1,055,502
|
2021
|
10
|
??????????????
|
660,862
|
2021
|
|
???????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
- ↑
"Largest Countries In Europe 2020"
.
worldpopulationreview.com
.
- ↑
2.0
2.1
2.2
"???????????????????? ?.?. 2560"
.
ESA.UN.org
(custom data acquired via website).
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
, Population Division
. ???????????
10 September
2017
.
- ↑
"GDP PPP, current prices"
. International Monetary Fund. 2021
. ???????????
16 January
2021
.
- ↑
"GDP Nominal, current prices"
. Internatonal Monetary Fund. 2021
. ???????????
16 January
2021
.
- ↑
"Nominal GDP per capita"
. International Monetary Fund. 2021
. ???????????
16 January
2021
.
- ↑
"Reports ? Human Development Reports"
.
hdr.undp.org
. ?????????????????????
?????????
????? 9 July 2012
. ???????????
21 July
2017
.
- ↑
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
??????????????: ????????
<ref>
?????????? ?????????????????????????????????????
Survey
- ↑
"Demographia World Urban Areas"
(PDF)
. Demographia
. ???????????
October 28,
2020
.
- ↑
National Geographic Atlas of the World
(7th?ed.). Washington, DC:
National Geographic
. 1999.
ISBN
0-7922-7528-4
.
"Europe" (pp. 68?69)?; "Asia" (pp. 90?91)?: "A commonly accepted division between Asia and Europe?... is formed by the Ural Mountains, Ural River, Caspian Sea, Caucasus Mountains, and the Black Sea with its outlets, the Bosporus and Dardanelles."
- ↑
Lewis & Wigen 1997
, p.?226
harvnb error: no target: CITEREFLewisWigen1997 (
help
)
- ↑
Kim Covert (1 July 2011).
Ancient Greece: Birthplace of Democracy
. Capstone. p.?5.
ISBN
978-1-4296-6831-6
.
Ancient Greece is often called the cradle of western civilization. ... Ideas from literature and science also have their roots in ancient Greece.
- ↑
Ricardo Duchesne (7 February 2011).
The Uniqueness of Western Civilization
. Brill. p.?297.
ISBN
90-04-19248-4
.
The list of books which have celebrated Greece as the “cradle” of the West is endless; two more examples are Charles Freeman's The Greek Achievement: The Foundation of the Western World (1999) and Bruce Thornton's Greek Ways: How the Greeks Created Western Civilization (2000)
- ↑
National Geographic, 534.
- ↑
"The European union?a federation or a confederation?"
(PDF)
.
- National Geographic Society
(2005).
National Geographic Visual History of the World
. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society.
ISBN
0-7922-3695-5
.
- Bulliet, Richard; Crossley, Pamela; Headrick, Daniel; Hirsch, Steven; Johnson, Lyman (2011).
The Earth and Its Peoples, Brief Edition
. Vol.?1. Cengage Learning.
ISBN
978-0-495-91311-5
.
- Brown, Stephen F.; Anatolios, Khaled; Palmer, Martin (2009). O'Brien, Joanne (?.?.).
Catholicism & Orthodox Christianity
. Infobase Publishing.
ISBN
978-1-60413-106-2
.