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ערך טוב
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קריאת טבלת מיון???? ?'????
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מצב שימור: סכנת הכחדה חמורהנכחדנכחד בטבעסכנת הכחדה חמורהסכנת הכחדהפגיעקרוב לסיכוןללא חשש
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Rhinoceros sondaicus
‏???????, 1822 [1]
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לעריכה בוויקינתונים שמשמש מקור לחלק מהמידע בתבנית

???? ?'???? ?? ???? ???? ( ?? ???? : Rhinoceros sondaicus ), ?? ?????? ? ??????? , ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????. ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ? ???? ????? . ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???. ??? ??? ?????? ????? - ???? ???? 3.1?3.2 ????? ?????? ??? 1.4 ?-1.7 ?????, ??????? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ? ???? ??-???? . ???? ???? 20 ????????? ??? ?????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ????.

???? ??? ???? ?'???? ????? ???? ??????? ????????: ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? , ??? ????-???? ???? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? . ?? ???, ???? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ????? ? ?????? ?????? . ????? ?? ????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ???? [3] . ????????? ?? ?-40 ?? 50 ????? ??? ? ???? ?????? ???'??? ????? ??? ?'???? ?? ????????? ; ????????? ?????, ?????? ??????? ????? ?- 2007 , ??? ? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ???????? . ???????? 2011 ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? (WWF) ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ?'???? ???? ?????????. ?????? ????? ????? ?'???? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ???? ???? [4] , ?????? ?????? ?? ?????: ??????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ?????? , ?????? ? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?-30,000 ?????? ???????? [3] . ????? ????? ????????? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?????????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? [5] . ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????, ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????: ???? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????; ?? ?????? ??????; ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? . ??????? ?? ???? ?-2011 ??? ???? ?-50 ?????? ???? ?? ? ??? .

????? ?'???? ?????? ????? ???? 30?45 ???? ????. ???? ?? ??? ? ????? ??? ??????, ?????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ?????. ?????? ???? ?? ????????? (????????), ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????. ?? ???, ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? . ? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????. ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????, ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????. ?????? ? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ??; ???, ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ????? . ????? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?'???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???.

???? ?????????; ?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? ????? ????? ?'???? ????? ?- 1787 ?? ??? ???????? ??-???????, ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???. ??????????? ????? ??????? ? ?????? ????? ????? ???? . ???? ???? ?- 1789 ???? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??. ???? ?'???? ???? ???? ? ?????? , ?????? ????? ? ?'???' ??????? , ???? ????? ????. ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?- 1822 , ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? " Rhinoceros sondaicus ". ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ? ??????? [6] .

??? ????? ????? ???? ????: "Rhinoceros" ?-"sondaicus". ????? "Rhinoceros" ????? ? ?????? : "rhino" ?????? "??" ?-"ceros" ?????? "???". ????? "sondaicus" ????? ?????? "sunda" ( ????? ), ???? ????? ? ?????????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? , ?'???? , ?????? ???????.

???? ???? ?'???? ????? ?????? ??-????? ???????, ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????:

  • Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus , ?? "'???? ?'???? ????????", ??? ??-??? ????? ?? ??'???? ????????. ???? ?????????? ???? ?-40 ?? 50 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???'??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?'????.
  • Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus , ?? "???? ?'???? ????????" - ??? ??-??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? , ??????? , ???? ??? ? ?????? ?? ????? . ?? ???????? 2011 ????? ????? ?????? ????? ?-12 ?????. ????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?-25 ???????? 2011 ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??????????. ?????? ?????? ??????, ???? ?? ? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ??-?????? ?? ???? 300,000 ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? [7] [8] .
  • Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis , ?? "???? ?'???? ????", ??? ??-??? ??????? ?????? ? ???? ??? ? ????? . ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-20 . ??????? ????? ?? ??-??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ? ????? ??????? ?????? ??? ? ????? . ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??????, ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? [9] [10] [11] .

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?'???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? , ?????? ?????? ? ?????? ???-???? . ???? ???? (???? ????) ???? ????? ?-3.2 ?????, ?????? ??? 1.4 ?-1.7 ???. ???? ??????? ????? ??? 900 ?-2,300 ?????????, ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? [3] . ??-???????? ???????? ???? ????????, ?? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????. ??????? ????????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ?'????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? [12] .

????? ??????? ??????, ?????? ?'???? ??? ??? ???? (??????? ?????????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??????). ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ?????, ?????? ????-??? ???? ???? ?? 20 ?????????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???????, ????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????. ????? ??????? ?????? ?????, ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????. ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????. ????? ??????? ?????, ???? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????, ???? ?????? ???? ????. ????? ???? ????? ?? 30?45 ???? [12] .

???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????, ????? ???? ?? ????-???. ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ????, ??? ??????. ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???. ??? ???????? ????????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????, ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ???. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? [13] .

????? ???? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ?????? ???'??? ????? ? ?'???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?'???? ???????

?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ?'???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????, ????? ??? ?????? ?????????. ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ? ?????? ???????, ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ????. ???? ???? ????? ?'???? ????? ??? ????: ????? ?????? ???'??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?'???? [7] [14] . ???? ????? 2024, ??? ????? ???? ??? 82 ????? ?'???? ???? [4] .

????, ?????? ?? ????? ?'???? ?????? ? ???? ? ???? (?? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????), ????? ??? ?????? , ?????? , ??????? , ???? , ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? , ??? ?'???? ? ?????? , ?????? ??? ?????? [15] . ??????? ???? ? ????? ??? ??????, ????? ????? ??????, ???? ? ??? , ???? ????? ? ????? , ? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ????. ??-???? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ???-???? ????, ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ???? [9] .

????? ?????? ?? ????? ?'???? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????. ??????? ??? 1000 ????"? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? , ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?? 500 ????? ????, ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ????? [16] . ?? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-20 [11] . ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?- 1932 [17] . ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?'???? ? ??? ??????? , ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? [18] .

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???? ?'???? ??? ??? ???? ??????? , ???? ???? ? ????? ??????? ???????. ??????, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ???. ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????: ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????, ?????? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ????. ????? ?'???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?????, ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?????. ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???????, ??? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????.

???? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ??? 12 ?-20 ????????? ?????? ; ?????????? ?? ?????? ????? ????, ????? ??? 3 ?-14 ??"? ????. ?????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ?? ??????. ?? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? [19] . ?????? ?????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ????. ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????.

????? ?'???? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ????????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???????. ??????? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ? ??? . ???????, ??????? ??? ????? ?????????, ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ???. ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????, ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ?? ????? [5] . ?? ???, ????? ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? [19] . ?? ??, ????? ???? ???????? ????-??????, ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ???????????; ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?'???? ????????? ????, ????? ????? ?????? ????? [7] .

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????? ?'???? ?? ???? ???? ????????, ??????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ????? . ???? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????, ????? ?????, ???? ?????? ?????? ?????. ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ??????, ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????. ??? ??????, ????? ????? ????? ?-50 ????????? ?? ????? ??? ???. ????? ????? ???????, ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??? ??????, ????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ??? [12] .

??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?'???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???-?? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ????????, ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ?'???? ???? ????. ?????? ?????? ? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????, ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??. ??? ? ?????? ?? ??? 16 ?-19 ??????, ??????? ???? ????? ???? ???? ???? ???????. ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ????, ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?'???? ????? ?? ?? [20] .

????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

???? ?- 1861 ????? ??? ????? ?'????

????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? ????????? ????? ?'???? ????? ??? ????-???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ?????? ????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?-2,000 ????, ??? ? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????. ???? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ? ????? ? ??? ?? ????? [21] . ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??????, ??????? ????? ?? ???? "???? ??????" ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? [16] . ???? ???? ????????? ????? ?????? (CITES) ????? ??????? ????? ?- 1975 , ????? ?'???? ?????? ??? ????? ??????, ?????, ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?'???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? [22] . ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???????? (???? ?'????, ???? ?????? ????? ????) ???? ????? ?? 30,000 ??????, ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? (???? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???) [3] .

???? ????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ??????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????, ?????? ??????? ??????? . ?? ???, ???? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??-?? ????? ??????. ?? ?? ????? ? ????? ?????, ???????? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ???-???: ????? ??? ????, ??????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ??????, ??????? ???-?????? ?? ?????????? ????? "????" ?????? (????? ????). ?????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ?-100 ?????? [14] . ?? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????.

????? ????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ??? ???'??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?- 1883 . ????? ?'???? ??????? ???? ????? ???? ????????, ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? [14] . ?- 1931 , ?????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????, ?????? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????, ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? [9] . ???? ????? ?- 1967 ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???'??? ????? ??-25 ????? ????. ?? ??? 1980 ????? ???? ???????, ???? ???? ????. ????? ???'??? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??????; ????? ???, ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????. ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ?????? ?? ????? [23] .

????? ?????? "??? ????" ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???-???? R.s. annamiticus . ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ????-???? ????. ? ????? ??????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????, ????? ??? ?? ? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????: ?????? ? ???? , ???? ???????? ?? ???? ( ????'?? ?????' ), ?????? ???????? ?????? ? ?????? - ???? ???? ???????, ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ??? ??, ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????, ????????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????. ?????? ???? ?-90 ????? ????? ?? ????? ?-15 ??????, ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ???, ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????, ??? ?? ??? ??? [24] [14] .

???? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

?????? ???? ?-19 ????? ????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ? ?????? , ? ?????? ?? ?????? . ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 22, ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?'???? ????? ????? [25] . ????? ?'???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????: ????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ???? 20, ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ???? ?'???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???????? ???? 1907 . ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ? ???? ?-80 ? ?-90 ?????, ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?'???? [3] .

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????? ??? ????????
ויקישיתוף ?????? ????? ???????????: ???? ?'????
ויקימינים ????????? ???????????: Rhinoceros sondaicus

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ Rookmaaker, L.C. (1982). "The type locality of the Javan Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822)". Zeitschrift fur Saugetierkunde 47 (6): 381?382.
  2. ^ ???? ?'???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? IUCN
  3. ^ 1 2 3 4 5 Dinerstein, Eric (2003). The Return of the Unicorns; The Natural History and Conservation of the Greater One-Horned Rhinoceros. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN  0-231-08450-1 .
  4. ^ 1 2 AFP (2024-06-11). "????? ?????? ????? 26 ?????? ??????, ??????? ????? ????? ?????" . Ynet . ???? ?- 2024-06-12 .
  5. ^ 1 2 Santiapillai, C. (1992). "Javan rhinoceros in Vietnam". Pachyderm 15: 25?27.
  6. ^ Rookmaaker, Kees (2005). "First sightings of Asian rhinos", in Fulconis, R.: Save the rhinos: EAZA Rhino Campaign 2005/6. London: European Association of Zoos and Aquaria, 52.
  7. ^ 1 2 3 Fernando, Prithiviraj; Gert Polet, Nazir Foead, Linda S. Ng, Jennifer Pastorini, and Don J. Melnick (June 2006). "Genetic diversity, phylogeny and conservation of the Javan hinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus)". Conservation Genetics 7 (3): 439?448.
  8. ^ Asian Rhino Specialist Group (1996). Rhinoceros sondaicus ssp. annamiticus. 2007 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2007. Retrieved on January 13, 2008.
  9. ^ 1 2 3 Foose, Thomas J. (1997), Asian Rhinos ? Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan., IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK, ISBN  2-8317-0336-0 .
  10. ^ Rookmaaker, Kees (1997). "Records of the Sundarbans Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis) in India and Bangladesh". Pachyderm 24: 37?45.
  11. ^ 1 2 Rookmaaker, L.C. (June 2002). "Historical records of the Javan rhinoceros in North-East India". Newsletter of the Rhino Foundation of Nature in North-East India (4): 11?12.
  12. ^ 1 2 3 van Strien, Nico (2005). "Javan Rhinoceros", in Fulconis, R.: Save the rhinos: EAZA Rhino Campaign 2005/6. London: European Association of Zoos and Aquaria, 75?79.
  13. ^ Munro, Margaret. "Their trail is warm: Scientists are studying elusive rhinos by analyzing their feces", National Post, May 10, 2002.
  14. ^ 1 2 3 4 Derr, Mark. Racing to Know the Rarest of Rhinos, Before It’s Too Late ", The New York Times, July 11, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-10-14.
  15. ^ Cranbook, Earl of; Philip J. Piper (2007). "[The Javan Rhinoceros Rhinoceros Sondaicus in Borneo". The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 55 (1): 217?220. University of Singapore. Retrieved on 2007-11-04.
  16. ^ 1 2 Corlett, Richard T. (2007). "The Impact of Hunting on the Mammalian Fauna of Tropical Asian Forests". Biotropica 39 (3): 202?303.
  17. ^ Ismail, Faezah. "On the horns of a dilemma", New Straits Times, June 9, 1998.
  18. ^ Daltry, J.C.; F. Momberg (2000). Cardamom Mountains biodiversity survey. Cambridge: Fauna and Flora International.
  19. ^ 1 2 Hutchins, M.; M.D. Kreger (2006). "Rhinoceros behaviour: implications for captive management and conservation". International Zoo Yearbook 40: 150?173. Zoological Society of London.
  20. ^ Hutchins, M.; M.D. Kreger (2006). "Rhinoceros behaviour: implications for captive management and conservation". International Zoo Yearbook 40: 150?173. Zoological Society of London.
  21. ^ Stanley, Bruce. "Scientists Find Surviving Members of Rhino Species", Associated Press, June 22, 1993
  22. ^ Emslie, R. (1999), African Rhino. Status Survey and Conservation Action Plan., IUCN/SSC African Rhino Specialist Group. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK, ISBN  2831705029
  23. ^ Dursin, Richel. "Environment-Indonesia: Javan Rhinoceros Remains At High Risk", Inter Press Service, January 16, 2001
  24. ^ Williamson, Lucy. "Baby boom for near-extinct rhino", BBC News, September 1, 2006. Retrieved on 2007-10-16
  25. ^ Rookmaaker, L.C. (2005). "A Javan rhinoceros, Rhinoceros sondaicus, in Bali in 1839". Zoologische Garten 75 (2): 129?131.


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