????? ????????

???? ????????, ???????????? ???????
"The International", ?????? ???? ?? ????? Dota 2 ? ????? , 2014

????? ???????? (? ?????? : eSports ?? Electronic Sports ) ??? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???????, ?????? ??? ?????? ????????. ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ???????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? (RTS), ???? ??? ???? ????? (FPS), ????? ????? , ? ???? ??? ????? ??????? (MOBA). ???????? ???? The International , ?????? ????? ?? League of Legends ( ??' ) ,‏ Evolution Championship Series ( ??' ) ,‏ Intel Extreme Masters ( ??' ) ? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? (RLCS) ?????? ??????? ???? ?? ??????, ?????? ?????? ???????.

?? ?? ?? ???????? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???????, ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?-21 , ???? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ????? ??????. [1] ????, ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????.

?????? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? "????? ????????". [2] ????? ???? ?-2010, ??????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? Dota 2 ?- League of Legends , ????? ???? ???? ????? Counter-Strike: Global Offensive . ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? Call of Duty ‏, Heroes of the Storm ( ??' ) ,‏ Hearthstone ,‏ Overwatch , ? ????????? 2 .

????? ??????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? , ??????? Twitch.tv , ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????????. ?????? ????????, ????? ?????? ????????? Major League Gaming ( ??' ) ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ?-85% ????? ?-15% ????, ???? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? 18 ?-34. ?????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? 90 [3] . ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????. [4] [5]

? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ??? ???? 2000. ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ????. ??? ???????? ???????, ??? ???????? ???????? ? ???? ?????? , ? ?????? ?? ??? .

??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?-905 ?????? ???? ???? 2018, ?? ??? ?? ????? ??????? ??-1.4 ??????? ???? ?? ??? 2020. ???? ?????? ???? ????? ??-380 ??????. [6]

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

????????? ?????? ????? ?"?????" ??? ????? ????? ???????. [7] ???? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ????? ????????, ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? "?????". [8] ??????, ???? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????, ????? ????? ?????? ?????, ?????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????. ???? 2013, ??????? ????? ????? ????? ???? HBO ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????. [9] ???? ????????? ???? 2014, ???? ESPN ?'?? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? "?? ?? ????? - ?? ?????", ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? . [10] ?????, ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?????. [11] ???? 2015 ??????? ?????????? ?????? ???????? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????????. [12]

????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????? ???10 ??????, ??? ????? ????? , ???? , ?????? ? ?????? .

???? 2013, ???? League of Legends ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ????? ???????? P-1A, ??????? ?"?????? ??????? ?????????". [13] [14]

???? 2014, ???? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????????.

???? 2016, ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ????????. [15]

?????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????.

???? ???? ???????? ?????????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????????? . ???????? 2015, ????? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? ???????? ?????? ?"????? ????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????????. ??????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ????????". ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ???????? ?????????? ????? ????? "?????? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????". [16] ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???, ???? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????????: ????? ??????? ????? ??????, ??????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???????? ????? (?????? ???"? ???? ?????? ). [17]

????? ???????? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ???????? ??????? ????? ?????? . ?????? ?????, ???? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? "????????? 2" ?-" Steep " ( ??' ) ???? ?????????? ????? ? ??????'??? ?-2018, ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ????-???????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ???????? . [18] [19] ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????????? ? ??? ?? ?'????? ?-2016, ???? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ????????.

????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ????? (2020) ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???????. ??? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ???????? ????, ????? ??????? ????? ???? ??????. ??? ??, ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ????. [20]

????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ???? (2024) ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?????????? ????. [21] [22]

??? ?? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

??????? ???????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

ויקישיתוף ???? ?????? ????? ????? ???????? ? ??????????

????? ?????? [ ????? ??? ???? | ????? ]

  1. ^ Paul Tassi, 2012: The Year of eSports , Forbes , ‏20 ?????? 2012
  2. ^ inkblot, Where eSports Leagues Go Wrong With Fighters , shoryuken.com , ‏4 ?????? 2011
  3. ^ https://www.theguardian.com/games/2020/jun/07/japans-video-gaming-grandma-90-plays-her-way-into-record-books
  4. ^ John Gaudiosi, Team Evil Geniuses Manager Anna Prosser Believes More Female Gamers Will Turn Pro , Forbes , ‏28 ?????? 2012
  5. ^ John Gaudiosi, Taipei Assassins Manager Erica Tseng Talks Growth Of Female Gamers In League Of Legends , Forbes , ‏29 ?????? 2012
  6. ^ Jurre Pannekeet, Newzoo: Global Esports Economy Will Reach $905.6 Million in 2018 as Brand Investment Grows by 48% , newzoo.com , ‏21 ???????
  7. ^ eSports: Sport or Business? , johancruyffinstitute.com , ‏27 ?????? 2017
  8. ^ Elsa, eSports: Really?? , destructoid.com , ‏9 ??????? 2011
  9. ^ Samit Sarkar, HBO's 'Real Sports' debates the merits of eSports , polygon.com , ‏18 ?????? 2013
  10. ^ Nick Schwartz, ESPN's president says that eSports are not 'real sports,' and he's wrong , USA Today , ‏6 ??????? 2014
  11. ^ theBeatGoesOn, Guest Editorial ? Momentum Matters: A Historical Perspective on the FGC and Esports Communities by UltraDavid , shoryuken.com , ‏12 ?????? 2011
  12. ^ e-Sports Summit with International Sports Society -EsportsTV , ????? ???? ?????? (????: 1:09:04)
  13. ^ Paresh Dave, Online game League of Legends star gets U.S. visa as pro athlete , LA Times , ‏7 ??????? 2013
  14. ^ P-1A Internationally Recognized Athlete , U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services
  15. ^ Chris O'Brien, French government announces plans to legalize and regulate esports industry , venturebeat.com , ‏3 ???? 2016
  16. ^ Karolos Grohmann, E-sports just got closer to being part of the Olympics , Business Insider UK , ‏28 ???????? 2017
  17. ^ Owen S. Good, If esports come to the Olympics, don’t expect to see ‘violent’ titles , polygon.com , ‏30 ??????? 2017
  18. ^ Nick Zaccardi, Esports event in PyeongChang before Olympics supported by IOC , NBC Sports , ‏3 ??????? 2017
  19. ^ Phuc Pham, ESPORTS ZERG-RUSH THE OLYMPICS?BUT CAN THEY BECOME OFFICIAL EVENTS? , Wired , ‏9 ??????? 2018
  20. ^ Yuji Nakamura, Emi Nobuhiro, and Takako Taniguchi, Shinzo Abe's Party Wants Japan Ready for Video Games in Olympics , Bloomberg , ‏18 ?????? 2018
  21. ^ Associated Press, Paris Olympic bid committee is open to esports on 2024 Olympic program , ESPN UK , ‏9 ??????? 2017
  22. ^ ????? ???????, ?????? ??????: ????? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? , ???? ??????? , 24 ????? 2018
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