Ireland ta Arewa
Northern Ireland (en) Tuaisceart Eireann (ga)
Wuri
54°36′27″N 6°41′33″W  /  54.6075°N 6.6925°W  / 54.6075; -6.6925
?antacciyar ?asa	Birtaniya
Babban birni	Belfast (en)
Yawan mutane
Fa?i	1,852,168 (2015)
• Yawan mutane	131.08 mazaunan/km²
Harshen gwamnati	Turanci Irish (en)
Labarin ?asa
Bangare na	Ireland (en)
Yawan fili	14,130 km²
Wuri mafi tsayi	Slieve Donard (en) (850 m)
Sun raba iyaka da	Ireland
Bayanan tarihi
Mabiyi	Ireland (en)
?ir?ira	8 Mayu 1921
Patron saint (en)	Saint Patrick (en)
Tsarin Siyasa
Tsarin gwamnati	constitutional monarchy (en) da parliamentary monarchy (en)
Majalisar zartarwa	Northern Ireland Executive (en)
Gangar majalisa	Northern Ireland Assembly (en)
Ikonomi
Ku?i	pound sterling (en)
Bayanan Tuntu?a
Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci	UTC±00:00 (en) Europe/Belfast (en) UTC+01:00
Tsarin lamba ta kiran tarho	+35348 da +4428
Lamba ta ISO 3166-2	GB-NIR
NUTS code	UKN

Ireland ta Arewa wani yanki ne na ?asar Ingila , yana arewa maso gabas na tsibirin Ireland, wanda aka kwatanta daban-daban a matsayin ?asa, lardi ko yanki. Ireland ta Arewa tana da iyaka a bu?e zuwa kudu da yamma tare da Jamhuriyar Ireland . A shekarar 2021, yawan adadin mutanenta ya kasance kimanin mutane 1,903,100, wanda ke da kusan kashi 27% na yawan mutanen Ireland da kusan kashi 3% na yawan mutanen Burtaniya . Majalisar Arewacin Ireland, wacce Dokar Arewacin Ireland ta kafa ta a shekarar 1998, tana da alhakin kewayon batutuwan da suka shafi manufofin ke?ancewa, yayin da sauran yankuna ke ke?ance ga Gwamnatin Burtaniya . Gwamnatin Ireland ta Arewa tana aiki tare da gwamnatin Jamhuriyar Ireland a yankuna da dama da aka amince da su a karkashin yarjejeniyar Belfast . Ita ma jamhuriyar Ireland tana da rawar shawara kan al'amuran gwamnati da ba na gwamnati ba ta hanyar taron gwamnatin Burtaniya da Irish (BIIG). ^[1]

An ?ir?iri Ireland ta Arewa a watan Mayu a shekarar 1921, lokacin da Ireland ta rabu da Dokar Gwamnatin Ireland ta 1920, ta ?ir?ira gwamnatin ri?on ?warya ga gundumomin arewa maso gabas shida . Kamar yadda aka yi niyya, Ireland ta Arewa tana da rinjaye na ?ungiyoyi, wa?anda ke son ci gaba da zama a Burtaniya; ^[2] Gaba?aya sun kasance zuriyar Furotesta na ’yan mulkin mallaka daga Biritaniya . A halin yanzu, mafi rinjaye a Kudancin Ireland (wanda ya zama Jihar Free Irish a cikin 1922), da kuma ?an tsiraru a Arewacin Ireland, ?an kishin ?asa ne na Irish ( masu Katolika ) wa?anda ke son ha?in kai mai cin gashin kai Ireland . ^[3] A yau, na farko gaba?aya suna ganin kansu a matsayin ?an Biritaniya kuma na ?arshe suna ?aukar kansu a matsayin ?an Iriland, yayin da ?an tsiraru daga kowane yanki ke da'awar asalin Irish ko Ulster .

?ir?irar Arewacin Ireland ya kasance tare da tashin hankali duka biyun don karewa da kuma adawa da rabuwa. A lokacin rikicin 1920-22, babban birnin Belfast ya ga manyan tashe-tashen hankula na al'umma, musamman tsakanin 'yan kungiyar Protestant da farar hula na Katolika. Fiye da mutane 500 aka kashe kuma fiye da mutane 10,000 sun zama 'yan gudun hijira, yawancin Katolika. A cikin shekaru hamsin masu zuwa, Ireland ta Arewa tana da jerin gwamnatocin Jam'iyyar Unionist da ba a karye ba. ^[4] Akwai rarrabuwa kai na yau da kullun ta al'ummomin guda biyu, ^[5] kuma ana zargin gwamnatocin Unionist da nuna wariya ga tsirarun 'yan kishin Irish da Katolika. ^[6] A ?arshen shekarar 1960, wani kamfen na kawo ?arshen wariya ga Katolika da masu kishin ?asa ya kasance masu adawa da masu biyayya, wa?anda suka gan shi a matsayin gaban jamhuriya . ^[7] Wannan tashin hankalin ya haifar da Matsala, rikici na shekaru talatin da ya hada da 'yan jamhuriya da masu biyayya ga sojojin kasa da na jihohi, wanda ya lashe rayukan mutane sama da 3,500 tare da jikkata wasu 50,000. Yarjejeniyar Jumma'a mai kyau ta 1998 babban mataki ne a cikin tsarin zaman lafiya, gami da kwance damara da kuma daidaita tsaro, ko da yake bangaranci da wariya sun kasance manyan matsalolin zamantakewa, kuma ana ci gaba da tashin hankali. ^[8]

Tarihi [ gyara sashe | gyara masomin ]

Yankin da a yanzu yake a Arewacin Ireland ya da?e da zama Gaels ?an ?asar da suke fahimtar yaren Irish kuma galibin Katolika. Ya ?unshi masarautu da yankuna na Gaelic da yawa kuma wani yanki ne na lardin Ulster . A shekarar 1169, ha?in gwiwar sojojin da ke ?ar?ashin ikon kambin Ingilishi sun mamaye Ireland wa?anda suka mamaye yawancin tsibirin da sauri, suka fara shekaru 800 na ikon tsakiyar ?asashen waje. An murkushe yun?urin juriya cikin sauri a ko'ina a wajen Ulster. Ba kamar sauran ?asar ba, inda ikon Gaelic ya ci gaba da watsewa kawai, aljihunan nesa, manyan masarautun Ulster galibi za su ci gaba da kasancewa tare da ikon Ingilishi a lardin da ke ?unshe da yankuna a gabar tekun gabas mafi kusa da Burtaniya. ?arfin Ingilishi ya ragu a hankali a cikin fuskantar tsayin daka na Irish a cikin ?arni da suka biyo baya; daga ?arshe an mayar da shi kawai birnin Dublin da kewayensa. Lokacin da Henry na VIII ya ?addamar da karni na 16 Tudor ya sake mamaye Ireland, Ulster ya ta?a yin tsayayya sosai. A cikin Ya?in Shekaru Tara (1594-1603), ?awancen sarakunan Gaelic wa?anda manyan sarakunan Ulster biyu suka jagoranta, Hugh Roe O'Donnell da Earl na Tyrone sun yi ya?i da gwamnatin Ingila a Ireland . ?ungiyoyin da ke mamaye Ulster suna wakiltar gaba ?aya na Irish na farko (an riga an yi juriya a baya). Duk da samun damar kulla kawance da Spain da manyan nasarori tun da wuri, an tabbatar da shan kaye da babu makawa kusan bayan nasarar Ingila a kewayen Kinsale . A cikin 1607, shugabannin 'yan tawayen sun gudu zuwa babban yankin Turai tare da yawancin Ulster's Gaelic nobility. Crown sun kwace filayensu kuma suka yi mulkin mallaka tare da turawan Furotesta da suka fito daga Biritaniya, a cikin Plantation na Ulster . Wannan ya haifar da kafuwar yawancin garuruwan Ulster kuma ya haifar da al'ummar Ulster Furotesta mai ?orewa mai ala?a da Biritaniya. Tawayen Irish na 1641 ya fara a Ulster. ’Yan tawayen sun so a kawo ?arshen nuna wariya na Katolika, da mulkin kai na Irish mafi girma, da kuma sake mayar da shuka. Ya ha?aka cikin rikici na kabilanci tsakanin Katolika na Irish da kuma mazauna Furotesta na Burtaniya kuma ya zama wani ?angare na Ya?e-ya?e na Sarautu Uku (1639-53), wanda ya ?are tare da cin nasarar 'yan majalisar Ingila . ?arin nasarorin Furotesta a cikin Ya?in Williamite-Jacobite (1688-91) ya ?arfafa mulkin Furotesta na Anglican a cikin Mulkin Ireland . Nasarar da Williamites suka yi na kewaye Derry (1689) da Battle of the Boyne (1690) har yanzu wasu Furotesta a Ireland ta Arewa suna bikin. Yawancin Furotesta na Scots sun yi ?aura zuwa Ulster a lokacin yunwar Scotland na 1690s .

Manazarta [ gyara sashe | gyara masomin ]

1. ↑ Empty citation ( help )
2. ↑ David McKittrick & David McVea.
3. ↑ Richard Jenkin, 1997, Rethinking ethnicity: arguments and explorations , SAGE Publications: London: "In Northern Ireland the objectives of contemporary nationalists are the reunification of Ireland and the removal of British government."
4. ↑ David McKittrick & David McVea.
5. ↑ McKittrick & McVea, p.18
6. ↑ Gallagher, Tom.
7. ↑ Maney, Gregory.
8. ↑ "The troubles were over, but the killing continued.