Margaret Thatcher

An Ro-Onorach
Margaret Thatcher
	; (1990i)
Beathaisneis
Breith	(en) Margaret Hilda Roberts ; 13 Deireadh Fomhair 1925 ; Grantham, England
Bas	8 Aibrean 2013 ; 87 bliana d'aois ; The Ritz London (en)
Siocair bhais	Bas nadurtha ( Stroc )
Ait adhlactha	Ospideal Rioga Chelsea
Seansaileir Cholaiste Liam agus Mhaire
	1993 ? 2000 ; ← Warren Burger ? Henry Kissinger →
Ball de Theach na dTiarnai
	Rol an abhair: tiarna saoil ; 26 Meitheamh 1992 ? 8 Aibrean 2013 ( bas in oifig )
Ball den 50u Parlaimint sa Riocht Aontaithe
	11 Meitheamh 1987 ? 16 Marta 1992 ( discaoileadh na parlaiminte ) ; Tearma parlaiminte: 50u Parlaimint na Riochta Aontaithe ; Toghcheantar: Finchley (en) ; Toghadh i: Olltoghchan na Riochta Aontaithe 1987
Uachtaran na Comhairle Eorpai
	Iuil 1986 ? Nollaig 1986 ; ← Ruud Lubbers ? Wilfried Martens →
Ball den 49u Parlaimint sa Riocht Aontaithe
	9 Meitheamh 1983 ? 18 Bealtaine 1987 ( discaoileadh na parlaiminte ) ; Tearma parlaiminte: 49u Parlaimint na Riochta Aontaithe ; Toghcheantar: Finchley (en) ; Toghadh i: Olltoghchan na Riochta Aontaithe 1983
Uachtaran na Comhairle Eorpai
	Iuil 1981 ? Nollaig 1981 ; ← Dries van Agt ? Wilfried Martens →
Cead Tiarna an Statchiste
	4 Bealtaine 1979 ? 28 Samhain 1990
71 Priomh-Aire na Riochta Aontaithe
	4 Bealtaine 1979 ? 28 Samhain 1990 ; ← James Callaghan ? John Major → ; Ball de chomh-aireacht: First Thatcher ministry (en) , Second Thatcher ministry (en) , Third Thatcher ministry (en)
Aire na Statseirbhise
	4 Bealtaine 1979 ? 28 Samhain 1990
Ball den 48u Parlaimint sa Riocht Aontaithe
	3 Bealtaine 1979 ? 13 Bealtaine 1983 ( discaoileadh na parlaiminte ) ; Tearma parlaiminte: 48u Parlaimint na Riochta Aontaithe ; Toghcheantar: Finchley (en) ; Toghadh i: Olltoghchan na Riochta Aontaithe 1979
Ceannaire an Fhreasura
	11 Feabhra 1975 ? 4 Bealtaine 1979 ; ← Edward Heath ? James Callaghan →
Ceannaire an Phairti Caomhaigh
	11 Feabhra 1975 ? 28 Samhain 1990 ; ← Edward Heath ? John Major →
Ball den 47u Parlaimint sa Riocht Aontaithe
	10 Deireadh Fomhair 1974 ? 7 Aibrean 1979 ( discaoileadh na parlaiminte ) ; Tearma parlaiminte: 47u Parlaimint na Riochta Aontaithe ; Toghcheantar: Finchley (en) ; Toghadh i: Olltoghchan na Riochta Aontaithe, Deireadh Fomhair 1974
Scath-Runai Stait um Chomhshaol, Bia agus Gnothai Tuaithe
	5 Marta 1974 ? 11 Feabhra 1975 ; ← Anthony Crosland (en) ? Timothy Raison (en) →
Ball den 46u Parlaimint sa Riocht Aontaithe
	28 Feabhra 1974 ? 20 Mean Fomhair 1974 ( discaoileadh na parlaiminte ) ; Tearma parlaiminte: 46u Parlaimint na Riochta Aontaithe ; Toghcheantar: Finchley (en) ; Toghadh i: Olltoghchan na Riochta Aontaithe, Feabhra 1974
Runai Stait um Oideachas
	20 Meitheamh 1970 ? 4 Marta 1974 ; ← Edward Short, Baron Glenamara (en) ? Reg Prentice, Baron Prentice (en) →
Ball de Chomhairle Dhlithiuil na Riochta Aontaithe
	20 Meitheamh 1970 ? 2013
Ball den 45u Parlaimint sa Riocht Aontaithe
	18 Meitheamh 1970 ? 8 Feabhra 1974 ( discaoileadh na parlaiminte ) ; Tearma parlaiminte: 45u Parlaimint na Riochta Aontaithe ; Toghcheantar: Finchley (en) ; Toghadh i: Olltoghchan na Riochta Aontaithe 1970
Scath-Runai Stait um Oideachas
	10 Eanair 1967 ? 20 Meitheamh 1970 ? Edward Short, Baron Glenamara (en) →
Ball de 44u Parlaimint na Riochta Aontaithe
	31 Marta 1966 ? 29 Bealtaine 1970 ( discaoileadh na parlaiminte ) ; Tearma parlaiminte: 44u Parlaimint na Riochta Aontaithe ; Toghcheantar: Finchley (en) ; Toghadh i: Olltoghchan na Riochta Aontaithe 1966
Ball den 43u Parlaimint sa Riocht Aontaithe
	15 Deireadh Fomhair 1964 ? 10 Marta 1966 ( discaoileadh na parlaiminte ) ; Tearma parlaiminte: 43u Parlaimint na Riochta Aontaithe ; Toghcheantar: Finchley (en) ; Toghadh i: Olltoghchan na Riochta Aontaithe 1964
Runai Parlaiminte don Aire Pinsean
	9 Deireadh Fomhair 1961 ? 16 Deireadh Fomhair 1964 ; ← Patricia Hornsby-Smith ? Norman Pentland (en) →
Ball den 42u Parlaimint sa Riocht Aontaithe
	8 Deireadh Fomhair 1959 ? 25 Mean Fomhair 1964 ( discaoileadh na parlaiminte ) ; Tearma parlaiminte: 42u Parlaimint na Riochta Aontaithe ; Toghcheantar: Finchley (en) ; Toghadh i: Olltoghchan na Riochta Aontaithe 1959
Uachtaran ar Chumann Coimeadach Ollscoil Oxford
	1946 ? 1947
Faisneis phearsanta
Grupa eitneach	Briotanaigh geala
Reiligiun	Modhachas agus Anglacanachas
Scoil a d'fhreastail se/si	Colaiste Somerville - ceimic (1943–1947) ; Kesteven and Grantham Girls' School (en) ; Scoil Dli na Cathrach
Teanga dhuchais	Bearla na Breataine
Airde	165 cm
Gniomhaiocht
Reimse oibre	Polaitiocht agus ceimic
Suiomh oibre	Londain
Gairm	ceimiceoir (1947–luach anaithnid) , polaiteoir , abhcoide , dirbheathaisneisi , stataire
Ball de phairti polaitiochta	An Pairti Coimeadach
Ball de	An Cumann Rioga (1983?2013) ; Richomhairle na Riochta Aontaithe (1970?2013) ; Carlton Club (en) ( ball oinigh ) ; Pilgrims Society (en)
Teangacha	Bearla
Glanfhiuchas	4,694,605 ￡ (30 Samhain 2013)
Gairm mhileata
Coinbhleacht	Cogadh Fhaclainne
Saothar
Suiomh a chartlainne	Churchill Archives Centre (en) ; Margaret Thatcher Foundation (en) ;
Eile
Teideal uasal	Barun
Ceile	Denis Thatcher (1951–2003), bas a c(h)eile
Paiste	Mark Thatcher , Carol Thatcher
Athair	Alfred Roberts agus Beatrice Ethel Stephenson
Croineolaiocht
8 Aibrean 2013	bas
12 Deireadh Fomhair 1984	assassination attempt (en)
	Gradam a fuarthas (2002) Clare Boothe Luce Award (en) ; (17 Samhain 1999) Ord an Leoin Bhain ; (27 Deireadh Fomhair 1998) Gradam Saoirse Ronald Reagan ; (16 Mean Fomhair 1998) saoranach oinigh de Shagrab ; (15 Mean Fomhair 1998) Grand Order of King Dmitar Zvonimir (en) ; (22 Aibrean 1995) Ord an Ghairteir ; (1995) Order of the Precious Crown, 1st Class (en) ; (7 Marta 1991) Bonn Saoirse an Uachtarain ; (7 Nollaig 1990) Ord Fiuntais ; (1987) Duine na Bliana (Financial Times) ; (1983) Comhalta den Chumann Rioga ; (24 Deireadh Fomhair 1979) Fellow of the Royal Institute of Chemistry (en) ; saoranach oinigh de Gda?sk ; Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great (en) ; Ord Eoin ; Order of Good Hope (en) ; dochtuireacht oinigh o Ollscoil Bar-Ilan ; Grand Order of King Petar Kre?imir IV (en) ; dochtuireacht oinigh o Ollscoil Hofstra ; Order of Vytautas the Great (en) ; Dostyk Order of grade I (en) ; Royal Order of Francis I (en) ;
	Veu de Margaret Thatcher ( Bearla na Breataine )
Suiomh greasain	margaretthatcher.org

Polaiteoir Briotanach ab ea Margaret Hilda Thatcher, An Banbharun Thatcher , ^[1] a rugadh faoin ainm Margaret Hilda Roberts ar 13 Deireadh Fomhair 1925 agus a d'eag ar 8 Aibrean 2013 . Bhi si ina ceannaire ar an b Pairti Coimeadach o 1975 go dti 1990 .

Sa bhliain 1979 , d'eirigh si ina Priomh-Aire na Riochta Aontaithe, agus an chead bhean a bheith ina Priomh-Aire. ^[2] Chaith Thatcher breis is 11 bhliain mar Phriomh-Aire ar an mBreatain ? an t-achar is faide a chaith aon duine sa rol seo le linn an fichiu haois .

‘Bean an Iarainn’ an leasainm a thugtai uirthi go minic go hairithe toisc an cur chuige a leirigh si le linn na stailceanna ocrais sna H-Blocanna3 in 1981. ^[3]

Beatha phearsanta [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Rugadh in Grantham , Lincolnshire i Sasana i. Ba as Drom an Easaigh i g Contae Chiarrai , a sin-seanmhathair Catherine Sullivan, a d'aistrigh go Sasana sa bhliain 1811. Phos Catherine oibri feirme darbh ainm Thomas Smith agus phos Ellen, a inion, Benjamin Ebenezer Roberts. Athair Thatcher ab ea a mac Alfred.

B'inion Margaret le hAlfred agus Beatrice Roberts. Grosaeir ab ea a hathair, a raibh siopa aige in Grantham, agus is os cionn an tsiopa a bhi conai ar a teaghlach agus i ag fas anios. Ba chomhairleoir aitiuil e Alfred Roberts, freisin. Ce nar bhall e d'aon phairti polaitiuil, bhi a chuid tuairimi agus polasaithe coimeadach . Bhi gaol an-laidir idir i agus a hathair, ach ni raibh caidreamh romhaith aici lena mathair. Bhain si ceim amach sa cheimic o Ollscoil Oxford sna 1940i . Agus i ag staidear in Oxford, ba bhall i de na Coimeadaigh Oga.

I 1951 , phos si Denis Thatcher, ball eile den Phairti Coimeadach. Fear colscartha ab ea Denis, a bhi deich mbliana nios sine na Margaret. Bhi beirt phaiste acu, an cupla Mark Thatcher agus Carol Thatcher, a rugadh i 1953 .

Sli bheatha pholaitiuil, 1950-1979 [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Sheas Margaret Thatcher gan rath i dtoghcheantar Dartford sna h olltoghchain i 1950 agus 1951 . Toghadh i mar Fheisire do Finchley i 1959 .

Nuair a bhi si ina Runai Oideachais i rialtas Edward Heath o 1970 go dti 1974 , chuir si deireadh le daileadh bainne saor in aisce i scoileanna. Da bhri seo, tugadh Maggie Thatcher, Milk Snatcher uirthi.

Toghadh i mar cheannaire ar an bPairti nuair a sheas si i gcoinne Heath i 1975 tar eis don Phairti dha olltoghchain a chailleadh i 1974 . Ceannaire an Fhreasura ab ea i anois. Bhi a cuid polasaithe ar an eite dheas . Ba e ceann da polasaithe is cailiuil na an t- airgeadachas . Bhi si go mor i gcoinne an t soisialachais agus na g ceardchumann . De bharr a tuairimi faoin g cumannachas agus a polasai maidir leis an Aontas Soiveadach , thug na Soiveadaigh an leasainm cailiuil The Iron Lady ("An Bhean Iarainn") uirthi.

Priomh-Aire, 1979-1990 [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

San olltoghchan i 1979 , bhuaigh na Coimeadaigh moramh i d Teach na dTeachtai agus toghadh Thatcher mar Phriomh-Aire. Thainig si i gcomharbacht ar Edward Heath mar cheannaire ar an Phairti Caomhach1 agus bhaineadar amach tromlach 43 suiochan in aghaidh an Lucht Oibre.

Chuir si polasaithe ‘nua liobralacha ’ i bhfeidhm sa Riocht Aontaithe a spreag an earnail airgeadais go mor agus thacaigh si go laidir le seasamh Uachtaran Mheiricea, Ronald Reagan , in eadan an Aontais Shoiveadaigh .

Cogadh [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Nuair a d'ionsaigh an Airgintin Oileain Fhaclainne i 1982 , sheol Thatcher forsa chun na hoileain a chosaint, tascfhorsa o chabhlach na Breataine le hOileain Fhaclainne a thogail in athuair on Airgintin .

Nuair a cuireadh long de chuid na hAirgintine, an General Belgrano, go toin poill, tharraing an taoiseach, Cathal O hEochaidh , siar tacaiocht na hEireann do smachtbhannai Eorpacha in aghaidh na hAirgintine. Chuir se seo leis an droch-chaidreamh eatarthu. Tar eis bua in Oileain Fhaclainne bhi bua eile aici sa toghchan in 1983. ^[3]

Bhi an-mhishastacht sa Bhreatain i leith riail Thatcher ag tus na 1980idi . Ach mheadaigh ba an phobail di nuair a bhuaigh an Bhreatain Cogadh na Falklands -Malvinas.

An dara tearma [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Bhuaigh na Coimeadaigh na holltoghchain i 1983 agus 1987 , freisin, faoi cheannas Thatcher. Dhein si priobhaidiu ar thionscail stait cosuil le British Telecom agus comhlachtai gais agus uisce

Sheas si in aghaidh cheardchumainn mhora na Breataine i stailc fhada na mianadoiri, a bhi ar siul o 1984 go dti 1985 . Faoi dheireadh, bhuaigh an rialtas ar na stailceoiri.

Tharraing Thatcher tuilleadh conspoide de bharr na tacaiochta a thug si do dheachtoir na Sile , Augosto Pinochet , agus dhiultaigh si tacu smachtbhannai in eadan na h Afraice Theas nuair a bhi cinedheighilt i bhfeidhm.

Sa bhliain 1990, bhris cireibeacha amach nuair a rinne Thathcer iarracht cain chaipitiochta (cain cloigne) a thabhairt isteach. ^[4] Thainig John Major i gcomharbacht uirthi go gairid ina dhiaidh sin.

Eire [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

Bhi Thatcher go laidir i gcoinne an phoblachtachais Eireannaigh .

I 1981 , bhi ar Thatcher dul i ngleic le stailceoiri ocrais ^[5] as an IRA agus an INLA sa Cheis Fhada i d Tuaisceart Eireann . Bhi siad ag lorg stadas polaitiuil. Dhiultaigh si geilleadh d’eilimh an IRA go mbronnfai stadas polaitiuil ar a gcuid priosunach sa Tuaisceart. Nior thug Thatcher an stadas sin doibh go dti go raibh deichniur priosunach marbh, an Feisire Parlaiminte Bobby Sands ina measc, ach bhronn Thatcher na heilimh nios deanai, ^[6]

Sa bhliain 1984, chuir si isteach ar phoblachtanaigh sa deisceart agus sa tuaisceart de bharr a dearcaidh faoi thuarascail an New Ireland Forum. Rinne si beag is fiu de mholtai an New Ireland Forum in 1984 i raiteas cailiuil ‘Out, Out Out’. ^[7]
Rinne an IRA iarracht i a mharu in 1984 nuair a bhuamail siad comhdhail de chuid an Phairti Chaomhaigh in Brighton.
Sa bhliain 1985, shinigh Thatcher an Conradh Angla-Eireannach i 1985 beag beann ar olc na n-aontachtach mar go raibh tionchar airithe faighte ag rialtas Garrett Fitzgerald ar chursai o Thuaidh.

Spreag dul chun cinn polaitiuil Shinn Fein sna 1980idi imni i Sraid Downing afach. Bheartaigh Thatcher rol a thabhairt do Rialtas na hEireann i rialu an Tuaiscirt sa Chomhaontu Angla-Eireannach, conradh a shin Thatcher le Poblacht na hEireann i 1985, agus a spreag uafais i measc an phobail Aontachtaigh sna se chontae.

Bas agus oidhreacht [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

D'eirigh si as an gCeannas agus as an bPriomh-Aireacht i 1990 tar eis di cuid mhor da tacaiocht sa Phairti a chailleadh. Tugadh an post do John Major , ceann de thacaithe Thatcher.

Thainig galar Alzheimer no nealtru seanaoise uirthi timpeall na 1990idi .

D'eag si le stroc , is cosuil, i Londain ar an 8 Aibrean , 2013 .

Tagairti [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

↑ Order of the Garter, Order of Merit, Comhairle Bhanrion na Riochta Aontaithe, Royal Society
↑ " IarPhriomh-Aire na Breataine Margaret Thatcher basaithe ". web.archive.org (2013-04-12). Cartlannaiodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-04-12. Data rochtana: 2021-04-08.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Sorcha Ni Riada / vifax.maynoothuniversity.ie (2013). " Bean an Iarainn ". Data rochtana: 2022.
↑ " The Battle of Trafalgar Square: The poll tax riots revisited " (en). The Independent (2010-03-25). Data rochtana: 2022-05-03.
↑ Eifeacht fhadtearmach na stailceanna ocrais , Robert McMillen, Beo, AIBREAN 2006
↑ An Tuairisceoir, 2013, https://antuairisceoir.com/2013/04/08/margaret-thatcher-marbh/ Curtha i gcartlann 2017-07-14 ar an Wayback Machine
↑ An Tuairisceoir, 4 Aib. 2013, https://antuairisceoir.com/2013/04/08/margaret-thatcher-marbh/ Curtha i gcartlann 2017-07-14 ar an Wayback Machine

Naisc sheachtracha [ cuir in eagar | athraigh foinse ]

[1] Order of the Garter, Order of Merit, Comhairle Bhanrion na Riochta Aontaithe, Royal Society

[2] " IarPhriomh-Aire na Breataine Margaret Thatcher basaithe ". web.archive.org (2013-04-12). Cartlannaiodh an bunleathanach ar 2013-04-12. Data rochtana: 2021-04-08.

[:0-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Sorcha Ni Riada / vifax.maynoothuniversity.ie (2013). " Bean an Iarainn ". Data rochtana: 2022.

[4] " The Battle of Trafalgar Square: The poll tax riots revisited " (en). The Independent (2010-03-25). Data rochtana: 2022-05-03.

[5] Eifeacht fhadtearmach na stailceanna ocrais , Robert McMillen, Beo, AIBREAN 2006

[6] An Tuairisceoir, 2013, https://antuairisceoir.com/2013/04/08/margaret-thatcher-marbh/ Curtha i gcartlann 2017-07-14 ar an Wayback Machine

[7] An Tuairisceoir, 4 Aib. 2013, https://antuairisceoir.com/2013/04/08/margaret-thatcher-marbh/ Curtha i gcartlann 2017-07-14 ar an Wayback Machine

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f p a Priomh-Airi na Riochta Aontaithe
Breataine Moire	Walpole ? Wilmington ? Pelham ? Newcastle ? Devonshire ? Newcastle ? Bute ? Grenville ? Rockingham ? Chatham ? Grafton ? North ? Rockingham ? Shelburne ? Portland ? Pitt Og
Riocht Aontaithe	Pitt Og ? Sidmouth ? Pitt Og ? Grenville ? Portland ? Perceval ? Liverpool ? Canning ? Goderich ? Wellington ? Grey ? Melbourne ? Peel ? Melbourne ? Peel ? Russell ? Derby ? Aberdeen ? Palmerston ? Derby ? Palmerston ? Russell ? Derby ? Disraeli ? Gladstone ? Disraeli ? Gladstone ? Salisbury ? Gladstone ? Salisbury ? Gladstone ? Rosebery ? Salisbury ? Balfour ? Campbell-Bannerman ? Asquith ? Lloyd George ? Bonar Law ? Baldwin ? MacDonald ? Baldwin ? MacDonald ? Baldwin ? Chamberlain ? Churchill ? Attlee ? Churchill ? Eden ? Macmillan ? Douglas-Home ? Wilson ? Heath ? Wilson ? Callaghan ? Thatcher ? Major ? Blair ? Brown ? Cameron ? May ? Johnson ? Truss ? Sunak