??? ???? ???

??? ???? ???
	; ???????? ??? ? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????. ????
?????	?? ?????? ???? ? ?? ??? ???? ; (? ???? ? ???? ? ???? ? ? ???)
??????	??? ???????? ?? ????????? ? ?????? ?????????? ? ??????? ? ?????
?????	??? ?? ????????? ?????? ?? ??? ;
??????? ?????
?????	?????? ??? ???????
????????? ? ??????
????? ?????? ; ???? ????? ????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???: ; ????? ??????? ; ??????? ??????? ; ??????? ??????? ; ???????? ????????? ; ???????? ??????? ;	???? ?????? ; ???????? ???????? ; ????? ???????? ; ???? ?????? ; ??????-??? ?????? ; ?????? ????? ; ???? ?????? ; ???? ????????
???
?????????????	????? (????? ???????) ; ????????????? (????? ??????)
????? ? ??????
???????????? ???? ?? ?????	????? ???? ?? ????? (????? ???????) ; ?????? ???? ?? ????? (????? ??????) ; ?????????????? ???????? ????

??? ???? ??? ( ???? : Первая чеченская война ) ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??? ( ???? : Пе?рвая чече?нская кампа?ния ) ?? ??? ???? ????-???? ??? ?????? ?????? ^[?]^[?] ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???. ??? ?? ?????????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ? ???? ????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???? ????? ?? ????????? ????. ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?? ? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ? ?????????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ?????-??? ?? ???? ???.??? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???.

???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ???????. ^[?] ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???????. ????? ????? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ????. ^[?] ?????? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??. ^[?]^[?]^[?]

???? ?????? [ ?????? ]

??? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ? ????? ?????? ????? [ ?????? ]

?? ?? ?????????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????????? ????? ? ????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??. ???? ??????? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??. ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???????? ???-??????? ?? ???? ???. ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ? ????? ????? ????. ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ????-?? ??? ????? ?? ^[?] ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???????? ??????????. ?? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???-??????? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ? ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ? ????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ? ????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ???-??????? ?? ???.

??????? ????? ?????? ????? ? ????? ???????? ????? [ ?????? ]

????? ?? ?? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ? ??????? ????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???. ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????????? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??. ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????. ??? ???? ????? ? ????? ???? ????? ? ????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??. ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????????? ??? ????.

?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????. ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ??????????? ????? ??. ?? ????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?????. ??????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????. ???? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ? ????????? ?????. ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ? ?????????? ????????? ?? ???? ????????? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???. ?? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ? ????? ??? ? ????? ???? ???? ??????? ??.

????? ??????? ??? [ ?????? ]

?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ? ??????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ????? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ? ???? ??. ^[??]^[??]^[??] ?? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???????? ??. ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???. ???? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ???.

?? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ??. ??? ?? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ???????? ???-??????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???.

?????????? ????? ??? ? ??????? ??????-???? [ ?????? ]

???????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????. ????

?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ???? (?????? ???? ???????? ? ?????) ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ? ????? ??? ?????. ^[?]^[?]^[?] ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ? ??????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???. ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ???????? ????? ????? ? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????????? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????. ?? ??? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ????????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???? ??. ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???. ????? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ????????? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ????.

??? ?? ?????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ???? ? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ???????. ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ???? ?????. ?????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ??????. ^[??] ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????.

???? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ? ??????? ???????? ??????. ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?????????? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ? ??? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ? ???????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ??????.

?????? ????? ????? ? ?????????? ????? [ ?????? ]

???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????. ?????? ????

?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???. ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??? ? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????. ^[??] ?????? ?? ??????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????. ??? ?? ??? ????? ? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????????? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ????? ????.

????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??. ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????????? ??? ????. ??????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ?????? ???????? ? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??????????. ???????? ???? ????????? ???? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ?????????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????. ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??. ^[??] ?????? ?? ?? ?? ???????? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ? ?????? ????.

?? ??? ??? ????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ???????????. ??? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????? ? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??. ^[??]

???? ?? ?????? [ ?????? ]

?????? ???? ?? ?? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???????????. ?????? ????

?? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???????. ^[??] ????? ?? ????? ?????????? ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ?????????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ??????. ^[??] ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ? ????? ?????????? ?? ??? ??? ???. ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????? ????? ???? ? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????. ^[??] ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ? ??? ??????? ?? ?????. ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ? ????????? ?????. ????????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ???? ??.

?? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????. ??????? ?????????? ???? ? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?????. ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ????. ^[??] ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ???????? ????? ? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ????. ?????? ????? ? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ≪????? ??? ???? ????≫ ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ????? ≪????????? ?????≫ ? ????? ???? ? ????????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ≪???? ???≫ ??? ?????. ^[??]

???????? ?????? [ ?????? ]

????? [ ?????? ]

↑ Galeotti, Mark (2014). Russia's War in Chechnya 1994-2009 . Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-78200-279-0 .
↑ "Первая чеченская кампания 1994?1996 годов" . РИА Новости (?? ????) . Retrieved 2017-02-09 .
↑ "20 лет конфликта в Чечне: как республику возвращали к мирной жизни" . РБК . Retrieved 2017-02-09 .
↑ Casualty Figures Jamestown Foundation ??????????? ?? ??? ??, ???? ???? Wayback Machine
↑ First Chechnya War ? 1994?1996 GlobalSecurity.org
↑ ^??? ^??? O.P. Orlov; V.P. Cherkassov. "???? ????? ???" Россия ? Чечня: Цепь ошибок и преступлений (?? ????). Memorial. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017 . Retrieved 16 July 2018 .
↑ ^??? ^??? Unity Or Separation: Center-periphery Relations in the Former Soviet Union By Daniel R. Kempton, Terry D. Clark p.122
↑ ^??? ^??? Allah's Mountains: Politics and War in the Russian Caucasus By Sebastian Smith p.134
↑ http://www.massviolence.org/the-massive-deportation-of-the-chechen-people-how-and-why
↑ Evangelista, Matthew (2002). The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union? . Washington: Brookings Institution Press. p. 18 . ISBN 0-8157-2498-5 .
↑ German, Tracey C. (2003). Russia's Chechen War . New York: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 176 . ISBN 0-415-29720-6 .
↑ Gall, Carlotta ; De Waal, Thomas (1998). Chechnya: Calamity in the Caucasus . New York: New York University Press. p. 96 . ISBN 0-8147-2963-0 . Vitaly Kutsenko, the elderly First Secretary of the town soviet either was defenestrated or tried to clamber out to escape the crowd.
↑ Moscow News . November 22?29, 1992
↑ ^???? ^???? ^???? Gall, Carlotta; Thomas de Waal (1998). Chechnya: Calamity in the Caucasus . New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-2963-0 .
↑ "Cluster Munitions Use by Russian Federation Forces in Chechnya" . Mennonite Central Committee . Archived from the original on 13 May 2008 . Retrieved 18 July 2018 .
↑ Williams, Bryan Glyn (2001). The Russo-Chechen War: A Threat to Stability in the Middle East and Eurasia? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? Archive.today . Middle East Policy 8.1.
↑ "BBC News ? EUROPE ? Chechens 'using human shields' " . bbc.co.uk .
↑ Faurby, Ib; Marta-Lisa Magnusson (1999). "The Battle(s) of Grozny" . Baltic Defence Review (2): 75?87. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011.
↑ "The First Bloody Battle" . The Chechen Conflict . BBC News. 2000-03-16.

?????????????? ?????????. ≪ First Chechen War ≫. ?? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ????.

????? ?? ????? [ ?????? ]

[1] Galeotti, Mark (2014). Russia's War in Chechnya 1994-2009 . Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1-78200-279-0 .

[2] "Первая чеченская кампания 1994?1996 годов" . РИА Новости (?? ????) . Retrieved 2017-02-09 .

[3] "20 лет конфликта в Чечне: как республику возвращали к мирной жизни" . РБК . Retrieved 2017-02-09 .

[jamestown-4] Casualty Figures Jamestown Foundation ??????????? ?? ??? ??, ???? ???? Wayback Machine

[first-5] First Chechnya War ? 1994?1996 GlobalSecurity.org

[chain-6] ??? ^??? O.P. Orlov; V.P. Cherkassov. "???? ????? ???" Россия ? Чечня: Цепь ошибок и преступлений (?? ????). Memorial. Archived from the original on 9 February 2017 . Retrieved 16 July 2018 .

[kempton-7] ??? ^??? Unity Or Separation: Center-periphery Relations in the Former Soviet Union By Daniel R. Kempton, Terry D. Clark p.122

[mountains-8] ??? ^??? Allah's Mountains: Politics and War in the Russian Caucasus By Sebastian Smith p.134

[9] ttp://www.massviolence.org/the-massive-deportation-of-the-chechen-people-how-and-why

[10] Evangelista, Matthew (2002). The Chechen Wars: Will Russia Go the Way of the Soviet Union? . Washington: Brookings Institution Press. p. 18 . ISBN 0-8157-2498-5 .

[11] German, Tracey C. (2003). Russia's Chechen War . New York: RoutledgeCurzon. p. 176 . ISBN 0-415-29720-6 .

[12] Gall, Carlotta ; De Waal, Thomas (1998). Chechnya: Calamity in the Caucasus . New York: New York University Press. p. 96 . ISBN 0-8147-2963-0 . Vitaly Kutsenko, the elderly First Secretary of the town soviet either was defenestrated or tried to clamber out to escape the crowd.

[13] Moscow News . November 22?29, 1992

[Gall-14] ???? ^???? ^???? Gall, Carlotta; Thomas de Waal (1998). Chechnya: Calamity in the Caucasus . New York University Press. ISBN 0-8147-2963-0 .

[15] "Cluster Munitions Use by Russian Federation Forces in Chechnya" . Mennonite Central Committee . Archived from the original on 13 May 2008 . Retrieved 18 July 2018 .

[16] Williams, Bryan Glyn (2001). The Russo-Chechen War: A Threat to Stability in the Middle East and Eurasia? ??????????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ???? Archive.today . Middle East Policy 8.1.

[17] "BBC News ? EUROPE ? Chechens 'using human shields' " . bbc.co.uk .

[18] Faurby, Ib; Marta-Lisa Magnusson (1999). "The Battle(s) of Grozny" . Baltic Defence Review (2): 75?87. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011.

[19] "The First Bloody Battle" . The Chechen Conflict . BBC News. 2000-03-16.

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[?]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

[??]

? ? ? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ?????
?????? ????	??? ????????????? 1993 Russian constitutional crisis April 2009 Moldovan parliamentary election protests ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ??????
?????? ????	Basque conflict The Troubles Dissident Irish Republican campaign ISIL-related terror attacks in France
??????? ???????	??? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ??? ????????-???????????
?????? ???? ???? (??? ?? ??????? ????????)	Albanian Civil War ??? ????? Albania?Yugoslav border incident (????? ????) Insurgency in the Pre?evo Valley 2001 insurgency in the Republic of Macedonia 2004 unrest in Kosovo 2012 Republic of Macedonia inter-ethnic violence
????? ?????	East Prigorodny Conflict Chechen?Russian conflict ??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? War of Dagestan ??? ??? ??? War in Ingushetia Insurgency in the North Caucasus
????? ?????	South Ossetia War (???????) Georgian Civil War (1991?93) Abkhaz?Georgian conflict (1989?present) ??? ????? 1992?93 1998 Pankisi Gorge crisis (2002?04) ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? (???????????) ??? ??????? (???????) ??? ??????? ???? Abkhazian Revolution (2014)

? ? ? ???????
??????	???? ???????? ??? ????? Abdelmalek Droukdel ???? ?????? ??????? ?????? Ahmad Umar Asim Umar ??????? ????????? ????
?????? ????	????? ?? ???? ( ???? ) ??????? ?????? (????) ???? ??? ???? (????) ???? ??????? (????) ???? ?? ???? (????) Samir Khan (????) Younis al-Mauritani (????) Mohammed Atef (????) Fazul Abdullah Mohammed (????) Abu Faraj al-Libbi (????) Atiyah Abd al-Rahman (????) Abu Laith al-Libi (????) Fahd al-Quso (????) Ilyas Kashmiri (????) Abdullah Said al Libi (????) Fahid Mohammed Ally Msalam (????) Sheikh Ahmed Salim Swedan (????) Ahmed Mohammed Hamed Ali (????) Mohammad Hasan Khalil al-Hakim (????) Mushin Musa Matwalli Atwah (????) ???? ???? (????) ????? ??????? (????) Hassan Ghul (????) Abu Ubaidah al-Banshiri (????) Walid bin Attash (????) ????????? ??????? (????) Mustafa Setmariam Nasar (????) Qaed Salim Sinan al-Harethi (????) Khalid Habib (????) Abdul Hadi al Iraqi (????) Mustafa Mohamed Fadhil (????) Mahfouz Ould al-Walid (????????) Sulaiman Abu Ghaith (????) ??? ??? ?????? (???? ? ????) ??????? ???????? (????) ??????? ??????? (????) ?????? ?????? (????) ?????? ?????? (?????????) Abu-Zaid al Kuwaiti (????) Omar al-Faruq (????) Ahmed Abdi Godane (????) Adnan Gulshair el Shukrijumah (????) Adam Yahiye Gadahn (????) Harith bin Ghazi al-Nadhari (????) Ibrahim Sulayman Muhammad Arbaysh (????) Nasser bin Ali al-Ansi (????) ???? ????? (????) ???? ?????? (????) Abu Khayr al-Masri (????) ??????? ???? ??????? (????)
???????? ?????	????????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ????????????? ???? ???? 2007 Algiers bombings 2008 Islamabad Danish embassy bombing ????????? ??? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? 2013 In Amenas hostage crisis ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? 2016 Ouagadougou attacks 2016 Grand-Bassam shootings 2016 Bamako attack
??????	??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ????????? (????-????) ??? ????? ????????? (????-????) ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????????? (?????????) ??? ??? ??? ??? ????????? (?????????) ??? ???? ??? ????? ?????? War in North-West Pakistan ( ????? ????? ?? ??????? ) Insurgency in the Maghreb (2002?present) ??? ?? ????????? (???????????) ??? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? (???? ?? ????) al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen ???? ????
????????	?????? (???? ?????) (??????) ??????? ????? ????? (???) al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (???? ??????) ???? ?????? ??? (???) ??????? ???????? (????? ? ???????) al-Qaeda in the Indian Subcontinent (????????? ???) Caucasian Front (?????) ????? ????? (?????)
?????	Al Qaeda Handbook Al Neda As-Sahab Fataw? of Osama bin Laden Inspire Al-Khansaa Kuala Lumpur al-Qaeda Summit ?????? ???? Voice of Jihad Benevolence International Foundation ??????? Global Islamic Media Front
??? ? ?????	Videos and audio recordings of Osama bin Laden Videos and audio recordings of Ayman al-Zawahiri ?????? ??????? ???

? ? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? (???? ???? ????????? ? ????? )
?????	Uprising of Bolotnikov ?????? ????? Bulavin Rebellion ???? ?????? Decembrist revolt ??? ????? ????? ???? ??? ?????? ??? 1993 Russian constitutional crisis ??? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ??? Insurgency in the North Caucasus
??? ?? ??? ?????	Muscovite?Volga Bulgars war (1376) First Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Russo-Swedish War (1495?1497) Second Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Third Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Fourth Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Fifth Muscovite?Lithuanian War (?????????) Russo-Crimean Wars Russo-Kazan Wars Russo-Swedish War (1554?1557) ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ? ???? (???????) Polish?Muscovite War (1605?1618) and the Time of Troubles ??? ?????? ??? ???????? ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ?????????? ???? ????? ? ???? ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) ??? (????? ??????) ????? ??? ????? Russo-Turkish War (1676?1681) ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????)
??? ?????? ? ??????	??? ???? ????? Russo-Turkish War (1710?1711) ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ??????? ????? ? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? (?????????) ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) ??? ??????? ????? (?????????) Russo-Swedish War (1741?1743) ??? ???????? ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) Bar Confederation ??? ????? ? ????? (????- ????) ??? ???? ? ????? (?????????) Russo-Polish War (1792) Ko?ciuszko Uprising ???? ????? ?? ????? (????) ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ? ????? (?????????) Anglo-Russian War ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??? ????? Russo-Circassian War Murid War ??? ????? ? ????? (?????????) ??? ?????? ? ????? (?????????) ???? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? Amur Acquisition ???? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ???? ????? Khivan campaign of 1873 ??? ????? ? ?????? (?????????) ???? ???????? ????? ????? ?? ??????
??? ?????	??? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ????? ?????? Heimosodat ????? ????? ?? ??? (????????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ??????? ? ????? ??? ??????-????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ???????? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??????? Red Army intervention in Mongolia Urtatagai conflict (1925?1926) ??? ??? ? ????? (????) ??????? ???? ????? ? ???? ????? ????? ?? ????????? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ????? (????) ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ????????? ? ????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? (??? ????? ???) ????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?????-???? ??? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ????????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ?????? ???? ??? ? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ????????????? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???????
??? ???? ? ???	??? ??? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ????? ????? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ????? ????? Western Libyan campaign ??? ??????? ??????? (????)
????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ????