앙카라의 로마 沐浴湯

앙카라의 로마 沐浴湯
앙카라의 로마 沐浴湯
	class=notpageimage\| 北緯 39° 56′ 47.6″ 東京 32° 51′ 10.8″ / 北緯 39.946556° 東京 32.853000°
國家	튀르키예
都市	앙카라
遺跡形態	로마 沐浴湯

앙카라의 로마 沐浴湯 은 튀르키예 앙카라 에 있는 古代 로마의 沐浴湯團地의 廢墟遺跡地이며, 1937-1944年에 發掘이 이뤄지며 發見되었고, 그 뒤에 野外博物館形態로 大衆들에 公開되었다. ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]

歷史 [ 編輯 ]

앙카라의 로마 沐浴湯은 앙카라의 오래된 地球蔚루스 의 中心部에서 大略 400m 距離에 있는 窓키리 距離(Cankırı Caddesi)의 西쪽 2.5m 높이의 地帶인 窓키리 카피(Cankırı Kapı)라는 곳에 있으며, 로마 의 回이크 ( 텔 )로 確認되었으며, 위에는 비잔티움 , 셀주크 時代, 아래에는 프리기아 의 聚落關聯의 樣式物들이 섞여 있다. ^[4]

古代都市 안키라(?γκ?ρα?)는 東方과 書房 사이 交叉路에 있었으며, 로마 時代에는 이곳의 戰略的位置는 이곳을 갈라티아 屬州의 中心都市로 그 重要性을 높였다. 안키라의 聖所였던 아우구스투스 神殿이 있던 곳부터 沐浴湯이 있는 高地까지 道路가 깔려 있었으며, 이 道路는 코린트식 柱頭가 달려있는 2-3世紀의 灰色빛 줄무늬가 들어간 大理石 기둥들이 道路 옆쪽에 配置되어 1930年代에 앙카라 새로운 터키 共和國의 首都로 開發되는 過程에서 窓키리 道路를 件걸하는 中에 發見되었다. ^[5]^[6]

沐浴湯은 醫術의 神 아스클레피오스 를 기리며 로마 에 카라칼라 浴場 을 建設하기도 했던 로마 皇帝 카라칼라 (在位: 212-217年)의 名으로 3世紀에 建設되었으며, 建物周邊으로 典型的인 80m x 120m 古典時期의 建物團地配置로 칼다리움 (熱湯), 테피다리움 (溫湯), 프리機다리움 (冷湯) 等 세 가지 主要施設이 지어졌다. 沐浴湯은 8世紀까지 使用되다가 施設物의 基礎部分과 1層部分의 遺跡만을 남겨버린 火災로 破壞되고 말았다. ^[1]^[2]

隣接한 回위크(hoyuk, 텔 )은 1937年에 發掘當時 프리기아와 로마의 遺物들을 찾아낸 렘지 誤우즈 아르크 敎授가 發掘하였다. 博物館館長下미트 Z. 코샤이 와 現場監督 네자티 돌壘나이 가 터키 歷史學會 의 投資를 받아, 發掘을 追加로 맡아, 1938-1939年에 沐浴湯施設物들을 찾아냈고 1940-1943年에 完全한 發掘을 完了해냈다. 發掘團의 建築專門家 마흐무트 아코크 가 調査를 통해 沐浴湯의 復元이 始作되기 앞서 復元된 沐浴湯의 配置圖를 그려냈다. ^[3]

敎區 아리크 (Arık)는 同時代鼻紋들의 뒷받침을 받은, 發掘 동안 發見된 鑄貨들을 根據로 하여 카라칼라 治世 때로 沐浴湯의 建築時期를 推測할 수 있었으며, 同時에 주화들은 沐浴湯이 時間이 지나면서 保守를 거쳐서 大略 500年間繼續使用되었다는 것을 나타내었다. ^[7]

配置 [ 編輯 ]

沐浴湯은 옛 팔라이스트라 (레슬링 競技場)으로 이어지는, 窓키리 거리 (Cankırı Caddesi)에 있는 티켓 事務所를 통해 入場하며, 現在廢墟狀態인 128個大理石 기둥 (各面當 32個씩)으로 된 포르티코 로 둘러싸여 있고 로마, 비잔티움 , 後記 헬레니즘 時代의 무덤, 碑石, 祭壇, 非文等의 展示品이 있다. ^[8]

팔라이스트라 뒤로 亞砲데이테리움 (apodeiterium, 脫衣室)과 浴湯 세 個가 典型的인 構造로 配列되어 있었다. 테피다리움(tepidarium)과 칼다리움(caldarium)의 異例的으로 넓은 크기는 안키라의 추운 겨울 期間에 이 따뜻한 浴室의 人氣 때문이었다. 남아있는 가장 重要한 特徵은 建物 바닥 層을 支持하는 甓돌 기둥과 地下의 아궁이에서 大워진 기둥 近處空氣가 層의 房을 따뜻하기 위해 循環되었다는 點이다. ^[9]

기둥이 세워진 道路의 遺跡은 팔라이스트라 北쪽에서 볼 수 있다.

갤러리 [ 編輯 ]

芽胞디테리움
칼다리움
하이포코스트
피스키나
테피다리움
사르코파구스
사르코파구스의 鼻紋
터널 施設
앙카라의 로마 沐浴湯周邊으로 흩어진 기둥의 柱頭와 로마 時代의 무덤 鼻紋.
앙카라의 로마 沐浴湯光景
앙카라 로마 沐浴湯 3315

各州 [ 編輯 ]

↑ ^가 ^나 Hengirmen, Mehmet (2006). 《Touristic Ankara》. Ankara: Engin Publications. 16?17쪽. ISBN 975-320-124-9 .
↑ ^가 ^나 “Important Historical Sites”. 《The Guide - Ankara》 (Istanbul: APA Uniprint): 45. 2009. ISSN 1303-054X .
↑ ^가 ^나 “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The Roman baths are located on Cankırı Caddesi between Ulus and Yıldrım Beyazıt squares, on the west side of the street, about 400 meters from Ulus. They are situated on a plateau which rises 2.5 meters above street level. This plateau was known to be a hoyuk - ancient settlement mound. In 1937, Prof. Dr. Remzi O?uz Arık excavated the mound, finding remains from the Phrygian and Roman periods. Excavations were carried out in 1938-1939 by the Generak Director of Museums, Hamit Z. Ko?ay. These excavations brought to light the bath buildings; which were fully exposed in 1940-1943 under the direction of Hamit Z. Ko?ay with assistance from field director Necati Dolunay and funded by the Turk Tarih Kurumnu (Turkish Historical Society). The excavation's architect, Mahmut Akok, investigated and drew a reconstructed plan of the baths, after which their restoration was begun.
↑ ^가 ^나 “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The platform on which the baths stood is an ancient city mound. At the top of the mound are remains from the Roman period (with some admixture of Byzantine and Seljuk material); at the bottom are remains from a Phygrian settlement. In the area traditionally known as Cankırı Kapı, Roman remains of two different types can be distinguished. 1 - A stretch of columned roadway from the ancient Roman city of Ancyra. 2 - The Roman bath and palaestra buildings. In the area there are traces of foundations of other Roman buildings.
↑ “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. Columned Roadway: To the east of the bath and palaestra building lies a stretch of columned roadway, which ran from ancient Ancyra's sacred precinct, the area of the Temple of Augustus. During the early years of the Turkish Republic when the modern city of Ankara was being developed, the construction of Cankiri Caddesi yielded remains of the columned street, most of which still lies underground. The columns apparently dating from the second or third centuries A.D., are made from grey veined marble and have Corinthian capitals.
↑ “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The Bath Buildings: Ancient Ancyra, ruled by the Tektosag Galatians during the Galatian period, stood at the crossroads between the East and West. During the Roman period, the city's important location and its prominence as the capital of the province of Galatie led to its further development. Excavations carried out in 1937-1944 revealed a magnificent Roman building complex, including a palaestra and covered baths.
↑ “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The construction of the bath buildings has been dated by coins found during the excavations to the reign of Roman emperor Caracalla (A.D. 212-217). This dating is supported by several contemporary inscriptions mentioning Tiberius Julius Justus Junianus, a prominent citizen of the city who was the responsible for the construction of the baths. Other coins found during the course of excavations indicate that the baths were in continuous use for about 500 years, undergoing repair from time to time. The baths are popularly known as the Baths of Caracalla.
↑ “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The entrance to the baths is on Cankırı Caddesi, opening into the palaetra or wrestling court. The large central open area is surrounded by the remains of a columned portico. This portico had 32 marble columns on each side, or 128 columns around its periphery. Today, a rich collection of inscriptions from the Roman period is displayed in the open court.
↑ “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The bath buildings, located directly behind the palaestra, include four separate rooms. Except for their size, these rooms are typical of Roman baths in general - Apodeiterium (dressing room), Frigidarium (cold room), Tepidarium (warm room), and Caldarium (hot room). The Tepidarium and Caldarium are unusually large; these were undoubtedly popular areas during the cold Ankara winters. These two rooms were heated from below, the floors were supported by columns made of bricks, around which hot air was circulated. This type of subterranean heating required tunnels and linked passageways, so that the underground oven which heated the air could be operated.

[touurank01-1] 가 ^나 Hengirmen, Mehmet (2006). 《Touristic Ankara》. Ankara: Engin Publications. 16?17쪽. ISBN 975-320-124-9 .

[boank01-2] 가 ^나 “Important Historical Sites”. 《The Guide - Ankara》 (Istanbul: APA Uniprint): 45. 2009. ISSN 1303-054X .

[infpan01-3] 가 ^나 “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The Roman baths are located on Cankırı Caddesi between Ulus and Yıldrım Beyazıt squares, on the west side of the street, about 400 meters from Ulus. They are situated on a plateau which rises 2.5 meters above street level. This plateau was known to be a hoyuk - ancient settlement mound. In 1937, Prof. Dr. Remzi O?uz Arık excavated the mound, finding remains from the Phrygian and Roman periods. Excavations were carried out in 1938-1939 by the Generak Director of Museums, Hamit Z. Ko?ay. These excavations brought to light the bath buildings; which were fully exposed in 1940-1943 under the direction of Hamit Z. Ko?ay with assistance from field director Necati Dolunay and funded by the Turk Tarih Kurumnu (Turkish Historical Society). The excavation's architect, Mahmut Akok, investigated and drew a reconstructed plan of the baths, after which their restoration was begun.

[infpan02-4] 가 ^나 “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The platform on which the baths stood is an ancient city mound. At the top of the mound are remains from the Roman period (with some admixture of Byzantine and Seljuk material); at the bottom are remains from a Phygrian settlement. In the area traditionally known as Cankırı Kapı, Roman remains of two different types can be distinguished. 1 - A stretch of columned roadway from the ancient Roman city of Ancyra. 2 - The Roman bath and palaestra buildings. In the area there are traces of foundations of other Roman buildings.

[infpan03-5] “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. Columned Roadway: To the east of the bath and palaestra building lies a stretch of columned roadway, which ran from ancient Ancyra's sacred precinct, the area of the Temple of Augustus. During the early years of the Turkish Republic when the modern city of Ankara was being developed, the construction of Cankiri Caddesi yielded remains of the columned street, most of which still lies underground. The columns apparently dating from the second or third centuries A.D., are made from grey veined marble and have Corinthian capitals.

[infpan04-6] “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The Bath Buildings: Ancient Ancyra, ruled by the Tektosag Galatians during the Galatian period, stood at the crossroads between the East and West. During the Roman period, the city's important location and its prominence as the capital of the province of Galatie led to its further development. Excavations carried out in 1937-1944 revealed a magnificent Roman building complex, including a palaestra and covered baths.

[infpan05-7] “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The construction of the bath buildings has been dated by coins found during the excavations to the reign of Roman emperor Caracalla (A.D. 212-217). This dating is supported by several contemporary inscriptions mentioning Tiberius Julius Justus Junianus, a prominent citizen of the city who was the responsible for the construction of the baths. Other coins found during the course of excavations indicate that the baths were in continuous use for about 500 years, undergoing repair from time to time. The baths are popularly known as the Baths of Caracalla.

[infpan06-8] “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The entrance to the baths is on Cankırı Caddesi, opening into the palaetra or wrestling court. The large central open area is surrounded by the remains of a columned portico. This portico had 32 marble columns on each side, or 128 columns around its periphery. Today, a rich collection of inscriptions from the Roman period is displayed in the open court.

[infpan07-9] “The Roman Baths of Ankara”. information panel. The bath buildings, located directly behind the palaestra, include four separate rooms. Except for their size, these rooms are typical of Roman baths in general - Apodeiterium (dressing room), Frigidarium (cold room), Tepidarium (warm room), and Caldarium (hot room). The Tepidarium and Caldarium are unusually large; these were undoubtedly popular areas during the cold Ankara winters. These two rooms were heated from below, the floors were supported by columns made of bricks, around which hot air was circulated. This type of subterranean heating required tunnels and linked passageways, so that the underground oven which heated the air could be operated.

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