IBolivia , ^{[lower-alpha 1]} ngokusemthethweni i- Plurinational State yaseBolivia , ^{[lower-alpha 2] [1] [2]} lilizwe elivaliweyo elikwintshona-mbindi yoMzantsi Melika . Umda weBrazil ukuya emantla nasempuma, iParaguay ukuya emazantsi-mpuma, iArgentina emazantsi, iChile kumazantsi-ntshona, kunye nePeru ngasentshona. Isihlalo sikarhulumente kunye nenkunzi yolawulo yiLa Paz, equlethe i-executive, umthetho, kunye namasebe onyulo karhulumente, ngelixa i-capital-constitutional capital yi-Sucre, isihlalo senkundla. Esona sixeko sikhulu kunye neziko eliphambili lemizi-mveliso yiSanta Cruz de la Sierra, ekwiLlanos Orientales (imimandla ephantsi yetropiki), ubukhulu becala ummandla othe tyaba empuma yelizwe.

Ilizwe laseBolivia lilizwe elimanyeneyo ngokomgaqo-siseko, lahlulwe yangamasebe alithoba. Ijografi yayo iyahluka ukusuka kwiincopho zeAndes eNtshona, ukuya kumazantsi aseMpuma, emi phakathi kweAmazon . Isinye kwisithathu selizwe siphakathi kweentaba ze-Andean. Nge- 1,098,581 square kilometres (424,164 sq mi) yendawo, iBolivia lilizwe lesihlanu ngobukhulu eMzantsi Melika, emva kweBrazil , iArgentina , iPeru , neColombia (kwaye ecaleni kweParaguay , lelinye lawona mazwe mabini avalelweyo eMelika), elona lizwe likhulu emhlabeni, elona lizwe likhulu emhlabeni. Ilizwe elivaliweyo kuMazantsi eHemisphere, kunye nelizwe lesixhenxe ngobukhulu emhlabeni elivaliweyo, emva kweKazakhstan , Mongolia, Chad, Niger, Mali ne Ethiopia .

Abemi beli lizwe, baqikelelwa kwi-12 izigidi, ngabantu beentlanga ezahlukahlukeneyo, kuquka amaIndiya aseMerika, amaMestizo, amaYurophu, amaAsia namaAfrika . ISpanish lolona lwimi lusemthethweni nolusetyenziswayo, nangona iilwimi zomthonyama ezingama-36 nazo zisemthethweni, ezona lwimi zithethwa kakhulu sisiGuarani, isiAymara nesiQuechua.

Phambi kobukoloniyali baseSpain, ummandla wase-Andean eBolivia wawuyinxalenye yoBukhosi be-Inca, ngelixa iindawo ezisemantla nasempuma zazihlala zizizwe ezizimeleyo. Abathiyisi baseSpeyin abafika bevela eCusco naseAsuncion bawulawula lo mmandla ngenkulungwane ye-16. Ngexesha lobukoloniyali baseSpain iBolivia yayilawulwa yi- Real Audiencia yaseCharcas . ISpeyin yakha ubukhosi bayo ubukhulu becala phezu kwesilivere eyayifunyenwe kwimigodi yaseBolivia . Emva kwekhwelo lokuqala lokuzimela kwi-1809, iminyaka eyi-16 yemfazwe yalandela ngaphambi kokusekwa kweRiphabhlikhi, ebizwa ngokuba nguSimon Bolivar . ^[3] Ebudeni benkulungwane ye-19 kunye nasebutsheni benkulungwane yama-20 iBolivia yaphulukana nolawulo lwemimandla emininzi esecaleni kumazwe angabamelwane kubandakanya ukuthinjwa konxweme lwayo yiChile ngo-1879 kunye nommandla waseAcre ukuya eBrazil.

IBolivia yafumana uthotho lomkhosi kunye noorhulumente basemkhosini de kwangowe-1971, xa uHugo Banzer wayekhokela ubhukuqo-mbuso olwaluxhaswa yiCIA olwathatha indawo yorhulumente wobusoshiyali kaJuan Jose Torres ngolawulo lobuzwilakhe lomkhosi . Ulawulo luka-Banzer lwabetha i-left-wing kunye ne-socialist inkcaso kunye nezinye iindlela zokuchasana, ezikhokelela ekuthuthunjisweni nasekufeni kwenani labemi baseBolivia. UBanzer wagxothwa ngo-1978 kwaye kamva wabuya njengomongameli onyulwe ngedemokhrasi waseBolivia ukusuka kwi-1997 ukuya kwi-2001. Phantsi komongameli we -Evo Morales ka-2006-2019 ilizwe labona ukukhula koqoqosho olubalulekileyo kunye nozinzo lwezopolitiko.

IBolivia yanamhlanje lilungu le-charter ye- UN , IMF, NAM, ^[4] OAS, ACTO, Bank of the South, ALBA, kunye ne-USAN. IBolivia isasele ililizwe lesibini elihlwempuzekileyo eMzantsi Melika, nangona iwathobile amazinga entlupheko kwaye inoqoqosho olukhula ngokukhawuleza eMzantsi Melika (ngokweGDP). Lilizwe elisakhasayo . Eyona misebenzi iphambili yezoqoqosho ibandakanya ezolimo, amahlathi, ukuloba, imigodi, kunye nokuvelisa iimpahla ezinje ngamalaphu, iimpahla, iintsimbi ezisulungekileyo, kunye nepetroleum esulungekileyo . IBolivia ityebile kakhulu kwiiminerali, kubandakanya i-tin, isilivere, i-lithium kunye nobhedu. IBolivia yaziwa nangokuvelisa amagqabi ecoca kunye necocaine esulungekileyo.

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1. ↑ "Bolivia (Plurinational State of)" World Health Organization 11 May 2010 archived from the original on 6 October 2010 retrieved 30 August 2010   Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( help )
2. ↑ "Bolivia (Plurinational State of)" UNdata archived from the original on 2 July 2010 retrieved 30 August 2010   Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( help )
3. ↑ "Salem Press" 25 August 2013 archived from the original on 2013-08-25 retrieved 2020-11-23   Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( help )
4. ↑ "Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) ? The Nuclear Threat Initiative" The Nuclear Threat Initiative archived from the original on 19 October 2021 retrieved 19 October 2021   Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored ( help )