??? ???????

??? ???????
( ??????? ??? : Jeffery Ernest Steinbeck )
??????? ?????
??????? ???	( ??????? ??? : Jeffery Ernest Steinbeck )
??????	27 ????? 1902? ; ???????? ??????????
????	20 ????? 1968? (66 ???) ; ????? ? ??????? ???
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	?????????? ??? ?? ??? (2007) ; ?????? ???? ????? (????? 1964) ; ???? ????? ????? ??? (1962) ; ????? ????? ????? ???? (1940)
?????????
	???? ????? ????? ??? (1962) ; ???? ????? ????? ??? (1961) ; ???? ????? ????? ??? (1960) ; ???? ????? ????? ??? (1959) ; ???? ????? ????? ??? (1958) ; ???? ????? ????? ??? (1949) ; ???? ????? ????? ??? (1945) ; ???? ????? ????? ??? (1944) ; ???? ????? ????? ??? (1943)
?????
	IMDB ?? ?????
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	????? - ?????

??? ??????? ( 1902? ? 1968? ) ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??? 1962? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ?????

????? [ ????? ]

???? ???? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ^[18] ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ( Cup of Gold ) ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? 1935? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? "?????? ????" ( Tortilla Flat ) ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ???? "??? ????? ????" ( In Dubious Battle ) ??? ?? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ???? "?? ???? ???? ???" ( Of Mice and Men ) ??? ??? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ??? ????? "?? ??? ?? ????" ( The Moon is Down ) ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? "?? ????? ?? ????" ( The Grapes of Wrath ) ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???

?? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? "???? ?? ????" ( East of Eden ) ???? ????? ??? ???

????? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ^[19]

???? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ????

????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? 20 ????? 1968? ?? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? 66 ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ^[19]

???? ?????? [ ????? ]

???? ??? ?????

????? ??? [ ????? ]

^ ^? ^? ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118617338 ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
^ ^? ^? http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119254833 ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????
^ ^? ^? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6js9rqn ? ????: John Steinbeck ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??: https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/6898 ? ????: John Steinbeck ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??: https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/77964 ? ????: John Ernst Steinbeck ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1257 ? ????: John Steinbeck ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
^ ^? ^? Internet Speculative Fiction Database author ID: https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?746 ? ????: John Steinbeck ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017
↑ ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118617338 ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0
^ ^? ^? ^? ^? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1257
↑ https://cs.isabart.org/person/15679 ? ??? ??? ??????: 1 ????? 2021
↑ https://www.biography.com/writer/john-steinbeck
↑ http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119254833 ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????
↑ ???? ??? ??: https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/7303779
↑ https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1962/
↑ https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/
↑ http://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=8766
↑ ????? ????: ??? ???? ??????? ?????
↑ "John Steinbeck Biography" ? Biography.com website? A&E Television Networks? February 6, 2018 ? ??? ??? ?????? February 26, 2018
^ ^? ^? Jay Parini, John Steinbeck: A Biography , Holt Publishing, 1996

??? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????

??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ????

[abc9457dcf728dd069b8ed5b2e1a86035cf2b679-1] ? ^? ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118617338 ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[37335e06a4101b5670f9394c9d9e1c6c79328721-2] ? ^? http://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119254833 ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????

[63ad060cb36f45cf427c27d2ec0e97dbf4bbd34e-3] ? ^? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??: https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6js9rqn ? ????: John Steinbeck ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[67d53b406536e1737119607ec94f0aab82b77610-4] ? ^? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??: https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/6898 ? ????: John Steinbeck ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[527fec368710d1ff4c6bb22106329d1bd0ff82cf-5] ? ^? ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??: https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/77964 ? ????: John Ernst Steinbeck ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[76ab04021339490cb955d62866a6f0e2046194a1-6] ? ^? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1257 ? ????: John Steinbeck ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[433a58711861b81f7045bb932bb7e1f131e108ed-7] ? ^? Internet Speculative Fiction Database author ID: https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/ea.cgi?746 ? ????: John Steinbeck ? ??? ??? ??????: 9 ?????? 2017

[205eabda4a2cf7d4f8ede558f514fc289fb74afd-8] ??? : https://d-nb.info/gnd/118617338 ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ????? 2014 ? ????? ????: CC0

[f4481a54267e57659199e117cc868dd64a8ddb2f-9] ? ^? ^? ^? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?????: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1257

[345ad33253711d9553ed30ca3733f630f58b8f05-10] ttps://cs.isabart.org/person/15679 ? ??? ??? ??????: 1 ????? 2021

[9a07f6c0181b5f601f9ceace077ecef17a84b972-11] ttps://www.biography.com/writer/john-steinbeck

[da33d75bb61d0d64ab214986892f0d35feb4969a-12] ttp://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119254833 ? ??? ??? ??????: 10 ?????? 2015 ? ????: ????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ????? ????: ???? ????? ????

[ec61dc60a4c6e7ef8684d2335719392f1818c1b4-13] ???? ??? ??: https://plus.cobiss.net/cobiss/si/sl/conor/7303779

[250f0cdf220ac5d4231afb82a2f93cf89b88f0da-14] ttps://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/literature/laureates/1962/

[2aadacb799507856faaf0815929ae9a0041615fb-15] ttps://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/about/amounts/

[a1ed314c50d1e8fc25ab2ff6d3237c22afc066f5-16] ttp://www.nobelprize.org/nomination/archive/show_people.php?id=8766

[8f6d2b4a0e3da23aca841c5dfe6b7ed894bd315a-17] ????? ????: ??? ???? ??????? ?????

[jsbae-18] "John Steinbeck Biography" ? Biography.com website? A&E Television Networks? February 6, 2018 ? ??? ??? ?????? February 26, 2018

[Bio-19] ? ^? Jay Parini, John Steinbeck: A Biography , Holt Publishing, 1996

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? ? ? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ???????
1901?1925	??? ?????? (1901?) ??????? ????? (1902?) ????????? ??????? (1903?) ?????? ?????? / ???? ????????? (1904?) ????? ????? (1905?) ??? ???? ?????? (1906?) ?????? ????? (1907?) ?????? ?????? ?????? (1908?) ???? ??????? (1909?) ??? ???? (1910?) ???? ???????? (1911?) ?????? ?????? (1912?) ?????? ???? ????? (1913?) ????? ????? (1915?) ??????? ????????? (1916?) ???? ????? / ???? ???????? (1917?) ???? ????? (1919?) ?? ???? (1920?) ?????? ????? (1921?) ?????? ??????? (1922?) ???? ???? ???? (1923?) ????? ??? ????? (1924?) ???? ?????? ?? (1925?)
1926?1950	????? ????? (1926?) ???? ?????? (1927?) ???? ????? (1928?) ????? ??? (1929?) ????????? (1930?) ???? ????? ???? ???? (1931?) ???? ???? ????? (1932?) ???? ???? (1933?) ????? ????????? (1934?) ????? ????? (1936?) ???? ???? ?? ??? (1937?) ??? ??? ?? (1938?) ????? ???? ?????? (1939?) ????? ?????? ????? (1944?) ?????? ?????? (1945?) ???? ??? (1946?) ????? ??? (1947?) ??? ??? ????? (1948?) ????? ?????? (1949?) ??????? ??? (1950?)
1951?1975	?????? ????? (1951?) ???????? ?????? (1952?) ????? ???? (1953?) ????? ??????? (1954?) ???????????? (1955?) ??? ???? ?????? (1956?) ????? ???? (1957?) ???? ???????? (1958?) ?????? ????????? (1959?) ???? ???? ??? (1960?) ????????? (1961?) ??? ??????? (1962?) ??? ???????? (1963?) ??? ??? ????? (????? ?? ????) (1964?) ?????? ??????? (1965?) ?????? ???? ????? / ???? ???? (1966?) ??????? ????? ?????? (1967?) ???????? ??????? (1968?) ?????? ??? (1969?) ????????? ?????????? (1970?) ????? ?????? (1971?) ???? ??? (1972?) ????? ???? (1973?) ????? ?????? / ???? ??????? (1974?) ??????? ?????? (1975?)
1976?2000	??? ???? (1976?) ???????????????? (1977?) ???? ???? ???? (1978?) ?????? ????? (1979?) ????? ????? (1980?) ????? ????? (1981?) ?????? ?????? ?????? (1982?) ???? ??????? (1983?) ?????? ????? (1984?) ????? ??? (1985?) ?? ? ?????? (1986?) ???? ??????? (1987?) ???? ????? (1988?) ????? ??? ???? (1989?) ???????? ??? (1990?) ???????????? (1991?) ???? ????? (1992?) ???? ?????? (1993?) ??????? ??? (1994?) ???? ??? (1995?) ?????? ????? ????? (1996?) ????? ?? (1997?) ???? ???? ???? (1998?) ????? ???? (1999?) ??? ?????? (2000?)
2001??????	?? ??? ? ?????? (2001?) ???? ????? (2002?) ?? ??? ?????? (2003?) ????? ????? (2004?) ????? ???? (2005?) ?????? ????? (2006?) ???? ????? (2007?) ??? ???? ?? ?????? (2008?) ???? ???? (2009?) ????? ????? ????? (2010?) ???? ????? ??? ?? (2011?) ?? ??? (2012?) ???? ???? (2013?) ?????? ??????? (2014?) ???????? ?????????? (2015?) ??? ????? (2016?) ???? ???? ???? (2017?) ????? ???????? (2018?) ???? ?????? (2019?) ???? ??? (2020?) ????????? ???? (2021?) ???? ??????? (2022?)