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??? ????? ????? ??? ?????? (/?sta?nb?k/? ????? ? ????? ??? ? ?????? ???? ? ????? ? ????? ??? ? ????? ????) ???????? ?????? ?? ≪? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??≫ ?? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ??????? ? ???? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ≪? ???????? ????? ? ??? ??????≫ ??? ?? ????? ??. ^[?]^[?]^[?]

??? ? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ? ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??. ??? ?? ????? ???? ? Tortilla Flat (????) ?? Cannery Raw (????) ???? ???????? ? ??? ???? ?? ?????? ????? (????) ?? ? the Red Pony (????) ?? Of Mice and Men (????) ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ??. ? ???? ????? (????) ?? ? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ? ????????? ?? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ? ???? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????. ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ???. ^[?]^[?]^[?]

? ????????? ???? ???? ? ?????????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ???? ? ??????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ?????????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ??. ? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ? ?????? ?? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ????.

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????????? ? ????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ???? ? ?????????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??. ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??. ????? ????? ?????????? ??? (????? ???? ? ????? ????)? ? ????????? ????? ????? ? Mount Hope ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ? ????? ???? ?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ? ?????????? ???? ? ??? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ????. ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ??. ? ???? ? ????? ?????? ? ????? ?? ??????? ??????????? ?? ??? ?? ? ≪Großsteinbeck≫ ?? ??? ??????. ^[??]^[??]

? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????????? (????? ???? ? ????? ????) ? ?????? ??????? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????. ? ??? ???? ????? ??????? (????? ???? ? ????? ????) ?? ? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ? ????????? ?????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????. ????? ????? ? ????? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ??. ????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ??? (? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??) ???? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???. ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ? ??? ? ???? ???? ???? ????? ? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??. ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? Post Ranch ?? ???? ? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ??? ?????? ?? Spreckels ?? ? ??? ?????? ?????? ?? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ???. ???? ??? ? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ? ????? ? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? Of Mice and Men ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???. ??? ? ???? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ? Spreckels ??? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ???? ???????. ??? ? ??? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ? ?????? ? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???????? ????. ^[??]^[??]^[??]^[??]^[??]^[??]^[??]

????????? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ??????? ???? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ?? ? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ??????? ??????. ??? ? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ??. ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ??. ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ?????? (??????) ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????. ^[??]^[??]^[??]

??? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ? ??? ????? ?? ???? ? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ????? ????? ? ?????????? ??????? ????? ? ?????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ? ?????? ? ?????? ???????? ??? ? ??? ? ???? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?????. ?????? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ? ??? ? ????? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ????. ? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ? ??? ????? ?? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?????. ??? ?? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ????????? ?? ? ??? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???. ?? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ????. ????? ? ???????? ?? Cannery Row ???? ?? ? ??? ?????? ????? ?? ????? ??. ^[??]^[??]

?? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ?? ? ????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ?? ? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???. ?????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?? ? ???????? ???????? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ???? ? ????? ??? ? ??? ?? ??????. ????? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???????? ?? ?????????? ????? ???????? ?? ?? ? ???????? ?? ???? ? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ???? ????. ????? ? ?????????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????? ? ???? ???? ????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?????? ???. ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ????????? ????????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ? ????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ????????? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????. ^[??]^[??]

? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ????? ???. ? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????? ?? ? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???. ????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ????? ????. ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ??? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ? ????? ?????????? ????? ??? ???. ??? ?? ????????? ?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????. ^[??]^[??]^[??]

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? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???? ???. ? ??? ????? ? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ≪??? ??? ???≫ ?? ??? ?? ??????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? ????? ??. ?? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ≪?? ???? ?????? ?? ????≫ ?? ??? ? ?????? ? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ????????? ??? ? ?????? ?? ?? ????. ^[??]^[??]

?????? [ ???? ]

↑ ^??? ^??? ??????? : 118617338 ? ? ??? ????: ? ????? ???? ? ???????: Creative Commons CC0 License
↑ Find a Grave memorial ID: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1257
↑ ???????: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported ?? GNU Free Documentation License
↑ "Nobel Prize in Literature 1962" . Nobel Foundation. ????? ?? ????? ?? October 21, 2008 . ? ??????????? October 17, 2008 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
↑ (?? January 3, 2013 ?????) . Swedish Academy reopens controversy surrounding Steinbeck's Nobel prize .
↑ (?? March 25, 2011 ?????) . Who, what, why: Why do children study Of Mice and Men? . BBC News . BBC
↑ "Novel" . The Pulitzer Prizes. ????? ?? ????? ?? August 21, 2008. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
↑ Bryer, R. Jackson (1989). Sixteen Modern American Authors, Volume 2 . Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ? ???? ???? 620 . ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 978-0-8223-1018-1 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
↑ Chilton, Martin. "The Grapes of Wrath: 10 surprising facts about John Steinbeck's novel" . Telegraph (London). ? ???? ????? ??? ?? December 13, 2014 ????? . ? ??????????? December 6, 2014 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
↑ "John Steinbeck Biography" . Biography.com website . A&E Television Networks . February 6, 2018 . ? ??????????? February 26, 2018 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
↑ "Okie Faces & Irish Eyes: John Steinbeck & Route 66" . Irish America. June 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? November 21, 2012 . ? ??????????? October 23, 2012 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
↑ "John Steinbeck Biography" . ? ???? ????? ??? ?? March 5, 2010 ????? . ? ??????????? April 14, 2010 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? ) . National Steinbeck Centre
↑ Alec Gilmore. John Steinbeck's View of God Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine .. gilco.org.uk
↑ Jackson J. Benson (1984). The true adventures of John Steinbeck, writer: a biography . Viking Press. ? ???? ???? 248 . ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 978-0-670-16685-5 . Ricketts did not convert his friend to a religious point of view?Steinbeck remained an agnostic and, essentially, a materialist?but Ricketts's religious acceptance did tend to work on his friend, ... ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
↑ John Steinbeck (1993). Of Mice and Men . Penguin Books. ? ???? ???? 0. ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 978-0-14-017739-8 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
↑ (?? 2 August 2009 ?????) . Billy Post dies at 88; Big Sur's resident authority . Los Angeles Times .
↑ Introduction to John Steinbeck, The Long Valley , pp. 9?10, John Timmerman, Penguin Publishing, 1995
↑ Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer New York: The Viking Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-14-014417-8 , pp. 147, 915a, 915b, 133
↑ ^???? ^???? ^???? "John Steinbeck Biography" . ? ???? ????? ??? ?? March 5, 2010 ????? . ? ??????????? April 14, 2010 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? ) . National Steinbeck Centre
↑ ^???? ^???? ^???? Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer New York: The Viking Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-14-014417-8 , pp. 147, 915a, 915b, 133
↑ Introduction to 'The Grapes of Wrath' Penguin edition (1192) by Robert DeMott
↑ Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer New York: The Viking Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-14-014417-8 , p. 196
↑ Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer New York: The Viking Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-14-014417-8 , p. 197
↑ Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer New York: The Viking Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-14-014417-8 , p. 199
↑ Scott, Sam (July 27, 2021). "Beast of Eden" . Stanford Magazine . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )
↑ Jay Parini, John Steinbeck: A Biography , Holt Publishing, 1996

[abc9457dcf728dd069b8ed5b2e1a86035cf2b679-1] ??? ^??? ??????? : 118617338 ? ? ??? ????: ? ????? ???? ? ???????: Creative Commons CC0 License

[f4481a54267e57659199e117cc868dd64a8ddb2f-2] Find a Grave memorial ID: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/1257

[8f6d2b4a0e3da23aca841c5dfe6b7ed894bd315a-3] ???????: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported ?? GNU Free Documentation License

[Literature1962-4] "Nobel Prize in Literature 1962" . Nobel Foundation. ????? ?? ????? ?? October 21, 2008 . ? ??????????? October 17, 2008 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

[5] (?? January 3, 2013 ?????) . Swedish Academy reopens controversy surrounding Steinbeck's Nobel prize .

[Why_do_children_study_Of_Mice_and_Men?-6] (?? March 25, 2011 ?????) . Who, what, why: Why do children study Of Mice and Men? . BBC News . BBC

[7] "Novel" . The Pulitzer Prizes. ????? ?? ????? ?? August 21, 2008. ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

[Sixteen_Modern_American_Authors-8] Bryer, R. Jackson (1989). Sixteen Modern American Authors, Volume 2 . Durham, NC: Duke University Press. ? ???? ???? 620 . ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 978-0-8223-1018-1 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

[Grapes_of_Wrath_10_facts-9] Chilton, Martin. "The Grapes of Wrath: 10 surprising facts about John Steinbeck's novel" . Telegraph (London). ? ???? ????? ??? ?? December 13, 2014 ????? . ? ??????????? December 6, 2014 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

[jsbae-10] "John Steinbeck Biography" . Biography.com website . A&E Television Networks . February 6, 2018 . ? ??????????? February 26, 2018 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

[11] "Okie Faces & Irish Eyes: John Steinbeck & Route 66" . Irish America. June 2007. ????? ?? ????? ?? November 21, 2012 . ? ??????????? October 23, 2012 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

[NSC-12] "John Steinbeck Biography" . ? ???? ????? ??? ?? March 5, 2010 ????? . ? ??????????? April 14, 2010 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? ) . National Steinbeck Centre

[13] Alec Gilmore. John Steinbeck's View of God Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine .. gilco.org.uk

[14] Jackson J. Benson (1984). The true adventures of John Steinbeck, writer: a biography . Viking Press. ? ???? ???? 248 . ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 978-0-670-16685-5 . Ricketts did not convert his friend to a religious point of view?Steinbeck remained an agnostic and, essentially, a materialist?but Ricketts's religious acceptance did tend to work on his friend, ... ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

[15] John Steinbeck (1993). Of Mice and Men . Penguin Books. ? ???? ???? 0. ? ???? ??????? ??? ????? 978-0-14-017739-8 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

[latimes-16] (?? 2 August 2009 ?????) . Billy Post dies at 88; Big Sur's resident authority . Los Angeles Times .

[Biography-17] Introduction to John Steinbeck, The Long Valley , pp. 9?10, John Timmerman, Penguin Publishing, 1995

[Benson-18] Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer New York: The Viking Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-14-014417-8 , pp. 147, 915a, 915b, 133

[NSC2-19] ???? ^???? ^???? "John Steinbeck Biography" . ? ???? ????? ??? ?? March 5, 2010 ????? . ? ??????????? April 14, 2010 . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? ) . National Steinbeck Centre

[Benson2-20] ???? ^???? ^???? Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer New York: The Viking Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-14-014417-8 , pp. 147, 915a, 915b, 133

[21] Introduction to 'The Grapes of Wrath' Penguin edition (1192) by Robert DeMott

[22] Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer New York: The Viking Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-14-014417-8 , p. 196

[23] Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer New York: The Viking Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-14-014417-8 , p. 197

[24] Jackson J. Benson, The True Adventures of John Steinbeck, Writer New York: The Viking Press, 1984. ISBN 978-0-14-014417-8 , p. 199

[25] Scott, Sam (July 27, 2021). "Beast of Eden" . Stanford Magazine . ?????? |CitationClass= ?? ?????? ( ?????? )

[Bio-26] Jay Parini, John Steinbeck: A Biography , Holt Publishing, 1996

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